This date in history

[Jimbuna]

1797 The Battle of Cape St Vincent: British fleet under Admiral Sir John Jervis defeats larger Spanish fleet under Admiral Don José de Córdoba y Ramos near Cape St. Vincent, Portugal. Captain Horatio Nelson distinguishes himself.

1940 British merchant vessel fleet is armed.

1971 Richard Nixon installs secret taping system in White House.

[Aktungbby]

1797 The Battle of Cape St Vincent: British fleet under Admiral Sir John Jervis defeats larger Spanish fleet under Admiral Don José de Córdoba y Ramos near Cape St. Vincent, Portugal. Captain Horatio Nelson distinguishes himself.

The big star was HMS Victory!https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Victory_Portsmouth_um_1900.jpg/300px-Victory_Portsmouth_um_1900.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Victory_Portsmouth_um_1900.jpg) Also the 'flagship' on this occasion as at Trafalgar under Nelson. The Spanish fleet, which had been blown off course by easterly gales, was that night working its way to Cadiz. The darkness and a dense fog meant Nelson was able to pass through the enemy fleet without being spotted and join Jervis on 13 February Jervis, whose fleet had been reinforced on 5 February by five ships from Britain under Rear-Admiral William Parker (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_William_Parker,_1st_Baronet,_of_Harburn), now had 15 ships of the line The following morning, having drawn up his fleet into two columns, Jervis impressed upon the officers on Victory's quarterdeck how, "A victory to England is very essential at the moment". Jervis was not aware of the size of the fleet he was facing, but at around 0630 hrs, received word that five Spanish battleships were to the south-east By 0900 hrs. the first enemy ships were visible from Victory's masthead, and at 1100 hrs, Jervis gave the order to form line of battle. As the Spanish ships became visible to him, Calder reported the numbers to Jervis, but when he reached 27, Jervis replied, "Enough Sir. No more of that. The die is cast and if there are 50 sail, I will go through them". @ U-CRANK: Seeing that it would be difficult to disengage, Jervis decided to continue because the situation would only get worse were the Spanish fleet to join up with the French. Meanwhile, the Canadian Captain Hallowell became so excited that he thumped the Admiral on the back, "That's right Sir John, and, by God, we'll give them a damn good licking!" Canadians...always good for morale! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Hallowell_Carew (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Hallowell_Carew):salute: Two signals were hoisted: 11:12 am: Engage the enemy 11:30 am: Admiral intends to pass through enemy lines??!! The Spanish were caught by surprise, sailing in two divisions with a gap that Jervis aimed to exploit. The ship's log records how Victory halted the Spanish division, raking ships both ahead and astern, while Jervis' private memoirs recall how the Victory's broadside so terrified the Principe de Asturias (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_ship_Principe_de_Asturias_(1794)) that she "..squared her yards, ran clear out of the battle and did not return". There was one fatality aboard Victory; a cannonball narrowly missed Jervis and decapitated a nearby sailor. Poor Admiral Don José de Córdoba y Ramos was dismissed from the Spanish navy and forbidden from appearing at court.
Jervis resumed his blockade of the Spanish fleet in Cadiz. The continuation of the blockade for most of the following three years, largely curtailed the operations of the Spanish fleet until the Peace of Amiens (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Amiens) in 1802.
The containment of the Spanish threat, and the further reinforcement of his command, enabled Jervis to send a squadron under Nelson back into the Mediterranean the following year; re-established British command of the Mediterranean setting up the climatic Nelson victory at the 1798 Battle of the Nile...at which the French would B a-Nile-hilated?:hmmm: Battles in war are a like a string of pearls;one good day's work entails the next day's greater achievements. Jervis does not get his due imho: Jervis' entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography) by P. K. Crimmin describes his contribution to history: "His importance lies in his being the organiser of victories; the creator of well-equipped, highly efficient fleets; and in training a school of officers (Nelson's legendary 'Band of Brothers') as professional, energetic, and devoted to the service as himself...among them his subordinate: Vice ADM Horatio Nelson. Indeed his all-seeing leniency & wisdom toward what was technically a violation of battle orders was notable: Sir John did not mention Nelson's achievement in his initial dispatch to the Admiralty despite Nelson's obvious contribution to the success of the battle. In later dispatches Jervis did mention Nelson. In one anecdote, when discussing the battle with his flag-captain, Sir Robert, who had been mentioned in the dispatch and had been awarded a knighthood for his services, brought up the issue of Nelson's disobedience of the admiral's orders for having worn out of the line of battle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_of_battle) in order to engage the enemy. Jervis silenced him by saying: "It certainly was so, and if you ever commit such a breach of your orders, I will forgive you also. The man could do it ALL!https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Cape_st_vincent_battle_plan.pngWIKI et al

[Jimbuna]

1933 President-elect Franklin Roosevelt survives assassination attempt.

1936 Hitler announce building of Volkswagens (the People's Car, aka the Kaefer/beetle).

1939 German battleship Bismarck was launched.

1942 German U-boat shells Antillian oil refinery.

1942 WWII: British ruled Singapore surrenders to the Japanese.

1944 Attack begins at Monte Cassino monastery, Italy.

1971 After 1,200 years Great Britain abandons pence & shilling system for decimal currency.

[Aktungbby]

1898: USS Maine (ACR-1) is sunk by explosion in Havana Harbor, CUBA during the Cuban Revolt against Spain.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/USSMaine.jpg
Two officers and 251 sailors and marines either killed by the explosion or drowned
Seven others were rescued but soon died of their injuries
One officer later died of "cerebral affection" (shock)
Of the 94 survivors, 16 were uninjured. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Maine_crew.gif The 'yellow Press' incident was blown into an "attack by mines" and in the ensuing war with Spain, America enhanced it's 'manifest destiny' by the acquisition of Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines:hmmm: creating a century of discord, expense, and general misery still ongoing today...https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Maine_(ACR-1 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Maine_(ACR-1))

[Jimbuna]

1804 US Navy Lt Stephen Decatur raids Tripoli Harbor & burns Navy frigate "Philadelphia" after pirates seized it.

1878 Silver dollar became US legal tender.

1916 The US rejects the right of Germany and Austria-Hungary to sink armed merchant ships.

1916 The German ambassador in Washington announces that Germany will pay an indemnity for American lives lost on the Lusitania.

1923 Howard Carter opens the inner burial chamber of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb and finds the sarcophagus.

1940 British search plane finds German supply ship Altmark, used to accommodate aliied sailors from vessles sunk by the Graf Spee, off Norway.

1942 Bangka Island massacre: Japanese soldiers machine-gun 22 Australian Army nurses and 60 Australian and British soldiers and crew members from two sunken ships. Only one nurse and two soldiers survive.

1960 US nuclear submarine USS Triton set off on underwater round-world trip.

[Aktungbby]

1942 Bangka Island massacre: Japanese soldiers machine-gun 22 Australian Army nurses and 60 Australian and British soldiers and crew members from two sunken ships. Only one nurse and two soldiers survive.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Vivian_Bullwinkel.jpg/220px-Vivian_Bullwinkel.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vivian_Bullwinkel.jpg) Lieutenant-Colonel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant-Colonel) Vivian Bullwinkel, Mrs. Statham, AO (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_Australia), MBE (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire), ARRC (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Red_Cross), ED (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficiency_Decoration), FNM (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale_Medal) 'Japanese soldiers came and killed the men, then motioned the nurses to wade into the sea. They then machine-gunned the nurses from behind. Bullwinkel was struck by a bullet which passed completely through her body, missing her internal organs, and feigned death until the Japanese soldiers left. She hid with British Army Private Cecil George Kingsley for 12 days, tending to his severe wounds, only then realizing the extent of her own wound, before being captured. They were taken into captivity, but Private Kingsley died soon after due to his having sustained such serious wounds. Bullwinkel was reunited with survivors of the (intended escape vessel) Vyner Brooke. She told them of the massacre, but none spoke of it again until after the war lest it put Bullwinkel, as witness to the massacre, in danger. Bullwinkel spent three and half years in captivity.... in 1947 she gave evidence of the massacre at a war crimes trial in Tokyo' Buildings and hospital wings are named for her. She passed in 2000, age 84.:Kaleun_Salute: http://www.smh.com.au/world/australian-families-honour-nurses-lost-at-bangka-island-massacre-20170213-guc8c4.html (http://www.smh.com.au/world/australian-families-honour-nurses-lost-at-bangka-island-massacre-20170213-guc8c4.html) As of 2 /16/ 2017 a plaque :http://www.abc.net.au/news/image/8269442-3x4-700x933.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1864 Confederate submarine HL Hunley sinks Union ship Housatonic.

1940 Crew of the British destroyer Cossack board German Altmark in Jøssingfjord, Norway, and realised 299 British prisoners after hand-to-hand fighting with bayonets and the last recorded Royal Naval action with cutlass.

1972 British Parliament votes to join European Common Market.

[Jimbuna]

1901 Winston Churchill makes his maiden speech in the British House of Commons.

1915 Germany begins a blockade of Britain.

1916 The last German garrison in the German colony of Cameroons surrenders.

1968 Britain commences a trial of year-round daylight saving time (BST - British Standard Time, one hour ahead of GMT).

1979 Snow falls in Sahara Desert

2016 Pope Francis questions US Presidential hopeful Donald Trump's Christianity over his call to build a wall on the Mexican border.

[Jimbuna]

1915 British fleet opens fire on Dardanelles coast.

1942 About 150 Japanese warplanes attack the Australian city of Darwin.

1944 U-264 sinks off Ireland.

1945 980 Japanese soldiers reportedly killed by crocodiles in 2 days on Ramree Island, Burma.

1945 US 5th Fleet launches invasion of Iwo Jima against the Japanese with 30,000 US Marines.

[Jimbuna]

1938 UK Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden resigns stating Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain has appeased Nazi Germany.

1942 Lt E H O'Hare single-handedly shoots down 5 Japanese heavy bombers, becomes America's first World War II flying ace.

1975 Margaret Thatcher elected leader of the British Conservative Party.

[Aktungbby]

1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish “The Communist Manifesto”
“Das Kommunistische Manifest” outlined the sociopolitical worldview today called “Marxism” and was translated from German into over 100 languages. The world has been a better more 'nlightened place ever since...:O:

[mapuc]

I have lately been thinking about a thread called This day in USA's history.

I know many of my Americans friends love history and I'm pretty sure they would contribute with daily historical stuff to this thread.

Just a thought

Markus

[Aktungbby]

Well I had meticulously considered the same thing myself (logic 101) and finally arrived at the conclusion that ultimately: all history IS US history :rock:as people vote with their feet!:hmph: Case in point: the almighty pyramid +- 2500 BC.... together with the eye of Horus.....ever the symbol of Ma'at https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Eye_of_Horus_Right.svg/200px-Eye_of_Horus_Right.svg.png (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eye_of_Horus_Right.svg)::up: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg/300px-All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg)....Willy~nilly by&by becomes..........The almighty Buck....+-1900 AD :hmmm:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Dollarnote_siegel_hq.jpg/200px-Dollarnote_siegel_hq.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dollarnote_siegel_hq.jpg)often the cause of so much.......Götterdämmerung!:down: So...out of pure convenience and to save :subsim: bandwidth 'buck$.....best leave it as is!

[Jimbuna]

I have lately been thinking about a thread called This day in USA's history.

I know many of my Americans friends love history and I'm pretty sure they would contribute with daily historical stuff to this thread.

Just a thought

Markus

Marcus, if you randomly read a few posts on this thread I think you'll find that the information contained within is not specific to any country but more a broad brush reference to many, the US included.

[Jimbuna]

1630 Indians introduce pilgrims to popcorn, at Thanksgiving.

1797 The Last Invasion of Britain by the French, begins near Fishguard, Wales.

1825 Russia & Britain establish Alaska-Canada boundary.

1915 Germany begins "unrestricted" submarine war.

1935 Airplanes are no longer permitted to fly over the White House.

1941 Nazi SS begin rounding up Jews of Amsterdam.

1967 25,000 US & South Vietnamese troops launch Operation Junction City against Viet Cong. Largest US airborne assult since WWII.

[Jimbuna]

1836 Alamo besieged for 13 days until 6th March by Mexican army under General Santa Anna; entire garrison eventually killed.

1916 French artillery kills entire French 72nd division at Samogneux Verdun.

1942 Japanese submarine fires on oil refinery in Ellwood, Calif.

1945 US Marines raise the flag on Iwo Jima, later a famous photo and Marine Corps War Memorial sculpture.

[Aktungbby]

1916 French artillery kills entire French 72nd division at Samogneux Verdun.

Since the end of the Battle of Verdun (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun) in 1916, it has been unoccupied (official population (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population): 0) along with Bezonvaux (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezonvaux), Beaumont-en-Verdunois (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaumont-en-Verdunois), Louvemont-Côte-du-Poivre (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvemont-C%C3%B4te-du-Poivre), Cumières-le-Mort-Homme (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumi%C3%A8res-le-Mort-Homme) and Fleury-devant-Douaumont (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleury-devant-Douaumont).
During the war, the town was completely destroyed and the land was made uninhabitable to such an extent that a decision was made not to rebuild it. The area around the municipality was contaminated by corpses, explosives and poisonous gas, so no farmers could take up their work. The site of the commune is maintained as a testimony to war and is officially designated as a "village that died for France." It is managed by a municipal council of three members appointed by the prefect of the Meuse department. There is monument:http://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/styles/diaporama_fiche/public/Articles_55_SamogneuxXS.jpg?itok=EOR84PPs They still make movies about the place; Don't worry about the French dialog; the pictures are clear enough: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeCvICkSmmY (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeCvICkSmmY)

[Jimbuna]

1875 The SS Gothenburg hits the Great Barrier Reef and sinks off the Australian east coast, killing approximately 100, including a number of high profile civil servants and dignitaries.

1923 Flying Scotsman goes into service.

[mapuc]

Speaking of US's history, while searching for some free audiobooks I found this page

http://www.loyalbooks.com/

In the History section there are some books about USA and its history.

Right now I'm listerning to History of the USA, I'm at Vol 4 part 5 - Jacksonian Democracy part 3 of 3.

There are many more books related to US's history I'm going to hear.

Markus

[Jimbuna]

1793 1st US cabinet meeting, held at George Washington's home.

1862 Paper currency (greenbacks) introduced in US by President Abraham Lincoln.

1932 Austrian immigrant Adolf Hitler gets German citizenship.

1945 US aircraft carriers attack Tokyo.

1964 Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay) TKOs Sonny Liston in 7 for his first world heavyweight championship title.

[Aktungbby]

1964 Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay) TKOs Sonny Liston in 7 for his first world heavyweight championship title.THE (rematch) SHOT THAT SAID IT ALL:http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/articles/sports/sports_nut/2015/05/150522_SNUT_AliListon-Color.jpg.CROP.original-original.jpg

Luck in sports photography is everything,” Leifer would say later, “but what separates the really top sports photographer from the ordinary is that when they get lucky, they don’t miss.” Leifer didn’t miss that day, and he also got lucky. If Leifer hadn’t chosen the opposite side as Scharfman, he would’ve been stuck shooting toward Ali’s back at the big moment. But when Liston fell, he fell in front of Leifer, not Scharfman. “It didn’t matter how good Herbie was that day,” Leifer said. “He was in the wrong seat.” Instead of snapping a historic photo, Scharfman became part of one. The balding man between Ali’s legs? That’s Herb Scharfman, Leifer’s rival....
http://www.slate.com/articles/sports/sports_nut/2015/05/ali_liston_50th_anniversary_the_true_story_behind_ neil_leifer_s_perfect.html (http://www.slate.com/articles/sports/sports_nut/2015/05/ali_liston_50th_anniversary_the_true_story_behind_ neil_leifer_s_perfect.html)

[Jimbuna]

1797 Bank of England issues first £1 note.

1815 Napoleon Bonaparte and his supporters leave Elba to start a 100 day re-conquest of France.

1914 HMHS Britannic, sister to the Titanic, is launched at Harland & Wolff, Belfast.

1916 Germans sink French transport ship Provence II, killing 930.

1935 German Luftwaffe is re-formed under Reichsmarshall Hermann Goering.

1942 German battle cruiser Gneisenau deactivated by bomb.

1952 PM Winston Churchill announces Britain has its own atomic bomb.

[Aktungbby]

1952 PM Winston Churchill announces Britain has its own atomic bomb.I was one year old. If only it could be that cute again....http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/archive/2003/02/25_030220_duckandcover_kids.jpg.CROP.original-original.jpghttps://media.giphy.com/media/12kfmDQMde2Kti/giphy.gif
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2kdpAGDu8s (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2kdpAGDu8s) meetshttps://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/32/51/18/325118ba5700860de442d0b7a2880f01.jpg One day, with my back to the wall and my head between the legs in the sixth-grade weekly atomic drill, I came to the deliberate conclusion: big people (teachers etc.) were not too bright; Duck and cover simply wasn't going to work. https://media.giphy.com/media/3oz8xwlFLZXlMPFkVW/giphy.gif Half a century later it's still a MAD world! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction) only not as 'cute'!

[Jimbuna]

1933 The Reichstag, German parliament building, destroyed by fire set by the Nazis, who blamed it on Communists.

1942 Battle of Java Sea began: 13 US warships sunk-2 Japanese.

2012 Wikileaks begins disclosing 5 million emails from private intelligence company Stratfor.

[Aktungbby]

1911: Charles Ketteringhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Time-magazine-cover-charles-kettering.jpg/220px-Time-magazine-cover-charles-kettering.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Time-magazine-cover-charles-kettering.jpg) invents the electric starter for automobiles. What is so simple and taken for granted now wasn't then:
Early automobiles required a hand crank for starting. Occasionally, when the spark lever was not properly set, the hand crank kicked back, causing serious injury: a broken wrist, arm, or shoulder. On a winter night in 1908, the result was much worse: Byron Carter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byron_Carter), founder of Cartercar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartercar), came across a stalled motorist on Belle Isle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belle_Isle_Park) in the middle of the Detroit River (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_River). He gallantly offered to crank the car for the stranded driver. When she forgot to retard the spark, the crank kicked and broke Carter's jaw. Complications developed, and Carter later died of pneumonia. When Cadillac (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac) chief, Henry M. Leland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_M._Leland), heard the news, he was distraught. Byron Carter was a friend; the car that kicked back was a Cadillac. "The Cadillac car will kill no more men if we can help it," he told his staff.Leland's engineers were able to build an electric self-starter, but the device was not small enough to be practical. He called Charles Kettering. The engineers at Delco worked around the clock to get the job done by the February 1911 deadline. Kettering later described their work thus: They didn't have a job so much as the job had them. Kettering's key insight lay in devising an electrical system that performed the three purposes it continues to serve in modern cars: starter and, as generator, producer of spark for ignition as well as current for lighting. Leland approved their product for his 1912 model and placed an order for 12,000 self-starters. Delco, the research and development outfit, had to quickly learn the business of production. Kettering also invented electric lights for automobiles that would allow drivers to drive safely at night. (saving even more lives;!!! funny how death sparks remedial innovation in humans:doh:)
Kettering's self-starter won a Dewar Trophy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewar_Trophy) in 1913. ( for some reason: my dad's favorite brand too:doh:)https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/38/18/ec/3818ece6014f0bb920397b4bbf606054.jpg "...to the motor car which should successfully complete the most meritorious performance or test furthering the interests and advancement of the [automobile] industry"...ie the self starter & lights:yeah: Considering I assist my wife out of the garage every morning in her Subaru:hmmm: thank goodness! At least she can start the thing herself...were talkin' about true women's liberation here BBYhttp://media.gm.com/content/Pages/news/us/en/2012/Feb/0215_cad_starter/_jcr_content/rightpar/sectioncontainer_1/par/image_1.img.jpg/1329313024690.jpg...and my body parts!:yep: It was one of the most significant innovations in the history of the automobile. It was a complete game changer. Within a few years, Cadillac featured women in their advertising showing them as drivers, instead of passengers orbystanders.” video:> http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/home.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2012/Feb/0215_cad_starter.html (http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/home.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2012/Feb/0215_cad_starter.html)

[Jimbuna]

1981 People's Republic of China throws out the Netherlands ambassador due to Dutch sales of submarines to Taiwan.

2014 Russia moves troops into the Crimea to protect its interests against Ukraine.

[Aktungbby]

1981 People's Republic of China throws out the Netherlands ambassador due to Dutch sales of submarines to Taiwan.


Well it was something to get into a diplomatic 'snuiver' about I suppose! :O:https://www.quora.com/If-all-German-U-boats-were-equipped-with-snorkels-at-the-beginning-of-WWII-in-the-Battle-of-the-Atlantic-would-they-have-beaten-the-British (https://www.quora.com/If-all-German-U-boats-were-equipped-with-snorkels-at-the-beginning-of-WWII-in-the-Battle-of-the-Atlantic-would-they-have-beaten-the-British)

[Jimbuna]

1941 Himmler inspects Auschwitz concentration camp.

1944 U-358 sinks in Atlantic.

1946 British government nationalises and takes control of the Bank of England, after 252 years.

1947 International Monetary Fund begins operation.

1953 Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses. He dies four days later.

1954 US explodes Castle Bravo, 15 megaton hydrogen bomb at Bikini Atoll - most powerful nuclear device ever detonated by the US.

1978 Charlie Chaplin's coffin and remains are stolen from a Swiss cemetery.

[Aktungbby]

1954 US explodes Castle Bravo, 15 megaton hydrogen bomb at Bikini Atoll - most powerful nuclear device ever detonated by the US.

One day, with my back to the wall and my head between the legs in the sixth-grade weekly atomic drill, I came to the deliberate conclusion: big people (teachers etc.) were not too bright; Duck and cover simply wasn't going to work. And this is the proof: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTq4ZvfD5c8 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTq4ZvfD5c8) <this video has been 'sanitized'; would we could do as much for the people on the atoll: Castle BRAVO spewed radioactive fallout around the world and gravely sickened nearby inhabitants of the Marshall Islands, then under a U.S. trusteeship, and 236 were evacuated as well as 28 American military personnel on a nearby island. Twenty-three Japanese fishermen were also contaminated,(the radioman died;During their ARS treatment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_radiation_syndrome), the crew of 23 were inadvertently infected with hepatitis C (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C) through blood transfusions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_transfusions) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daigo_Fukury%C5%AB_Maru (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daigo_Fukury%C5%AB_Maru) ) which made the test known to the world and roiled U.S-Japanese relations. While the U.S. government claimed at the time that a shift in the wind spread the fallout far from the test site, a recent U.S. government report demonstrates that it was the volcanic nature of the explosion that dumped the fallout nearby. The adverse health effects for inhabitants of Rangelop Atoll, 110 miles away from the test site, were severe and some islands remained uninhabitable for years. This radiological calamity had a significant impact on world opinion and helped spark the movement for a nuclear test moratorium which ultimately led to the 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty (http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nukevault/ebb433/). http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb459/ (http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb459/) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kb4rjAmUHUk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kb4rjAmUHUk)

[Jimbuna]

1791 Long-distance communication speeds up with the unveiling of a semaphore machine in Paris.

1882 Queen Victoria narrowly escapes assassination when Roderick Maclean shoots at her while boarding a train in Windsor.

1915 British vice admiral Sackville Hamilton Carden begins bombing of Dardanelles forts.

1943 1st transport from Westerbork Neth to Sobibor concentration camp.

1974 Grand jury concludes US President Richard Nixon is involved in Watergate cover-up.

1991 Battle at Rumaila Oil Field brings end to the 1991 Gulf War.

2004 Rosetta space probe is launched by the European Space Agency to study comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko with Philae lander module aboard.

2014 President Vladimir Putin receives unanimous approval from Russia's parliament to send troops to the Ukraine.

[Jimbuna]

1899 George Dewey becomes first in US to hold the rank of Admiral of the Navy.

1938 Oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia.

1942 First combat flight for Canadian British-built Avro Lancaster bomber.

[Catfish]

And this is the proof: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTq4ZvfD5c8 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTq4ZvfD5c8) <this video has been 'sanitized'; would we could do as much for the people on the atoll: http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb459/ (http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb459/) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kb4rjAmUHUk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kb4rjAmUHUk)

All still radiating and uninhabitable.
Now, Fukushima.. they do not see to know what is going on, radiation is rising and they cannot enter the facility anymore. Lots of water spilling into the ocean https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/feb/03/fukushima-daiichi-radiation-levels-highest-since-2011-meltdown

[Jimbuna]

1936 First flight of the airship Hindenburg at Friedrichshafen, Germany.

[Jimbuna]

1912 Italian forces are the first to use airships for military purposes, using them for reconnaissance behind Turkish lines.

1915 World War I: The LZ 33, a zeppelin, is damaged by enemy fire and stranded south of Ostend.

1936 Spitfire makes its 1st flight (Eastleigh Aerodrome in Southampton).

1946 Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech in Fulton, Missouri, popularizes the term and draws attention to the division of Europe.

1971 "Stairway to Heaven" by Led Zeppelin is first played live at Ulster Hall, Belfast by Robert Plant, Jimmy Page, John Bonham and John Paul Jones.

[Aktungbby]

1971 "Stairway to Heaven" by Led Zeppelin is first played live at Ulster Hall, Belfast by Robert Plant, Jimmy Page, John Bonham and John Paul Jones. ...and Randy California! :03: I'm tone deaf but I'm hearing it: sort of 49% vs 51%. I much prefer the Led Zeppelin version anyhow. But then I'm a biased big fan and have all their albums ....on vinyl! :yeah: http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/led-zeppelin-prevail-in-stairway-to-heaven-lawsuit-20160623 (http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/led-zeppelin-prevail-in-stairway-to-heaven-lawsuit-20160623)

[Jimbuna]

1836 Battle of the Alamo: After 13 days of fighting 1,500-3,000 Mexican soldiers overwhelm the Texan defenders, killing 182-257 Texans including William Travis, Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett.

1918 US naval boat "Cyclops" disappears in Bermuda Triangle.

[ABBAFAN]

The Car ferry Herald of Free Enterprise capsized in Zeebrugge Harbour in 1987 after sailing with bow doors open.

[DicheBach]

"Meathead" (aka Rob Reiner (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Reiner)), creator of "This is Spinal Tap" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Is_Spinal_Tap) (among others) was born on this day!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6Fc_5slG_Q

[Jimbuna]

1530 King Henry VIII's divorce request is denied by the Pope. Henry then declares that he, not the Pope, is supreme head of England's church.

1936 Hitler breaks Treaty of Versailles, sends troops to Rhineland.

[Jimbuna]

2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 with 239 people loses contact and disappears, prompting the most expensive search effort in history.

[Jimbuna]

1918 Russian Bolshevik Party becomes the Communist Party.

1935 Adolf Hitler announces the creation of a new air force.

1945 334 US B-29 Superfortresses attack Tokyo with 120,000 fire bombs.

1951 Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam submit a classified paper at the Los Alamos lab, in which they proposed their revolutionary new design, staged implosion, for a practical megaton-range hydrogen bomb.

1953 Josef Stalin buried in Moscow.

1974 Last Japanese soldier, a guerrilla operating in Philippines, surrenders, 29 years after World War II ended.

[Jimbuna]

1783 USS Alliance under Captain Barry fights and wins last naval battle of US Revolutionary War off Cape Canaveral.

1849 Abraham Lincoln applies for a patent (only US president to do so) for a device to lift a boat over shoals and obstructions.

1927 Bavaria lifts ban on Hitler's speeches.

1931 Oswald Mosley leaves British Labour party and founds the "New Party".

1944 U-575 sinks British corvette HMS Asphodel in the Atlantic Ocean killing 92 of the 97 men aboard.

1975 Dog spectacles patented in England.

[Jimbuna]

1918 Moscow becomes capital of revolutionary Russia.

1935 Hermann Goering officially creates the Luftwaffe (German Air Force).

1941 FDR signs Lend-Lease Bill.

1958 American B-47 accidentally drops nuclear bomb without its nuclear capsule 15,000 ft on a family home in Mars Bluff, South Carolina; creates crater 75 ft across.

[Jimbuna]

1916 French airship mistakenly attacks and sinks British submarine D3 with loss of all hands.

1917 A German submarine sinks an unamred US merchant ship, the 'Algonquin' on the same day that US President Woodrow Wilson gives executive order to arm US merchant ships.

1938 Nazi Germany invades Austria (Anschluss).

1940 Finland surrenders to Russia during WW II, gives Karelische Isthmus.

1957 German DR accepts 22 Russian divisions.

1958 British Empire Day is renamed "Commonwealth Day"

1984 National Union of Mine Workers in Britain begins a 51 week strike.

1984 British ice dancing team, Torvill & Dean, become 1st skaters to receive 9 perfect 6.0s in world championships.

[Jimbuna]

1933 Joseph Goebbels becomes Nazi Germany's Minister of Information and Propaganda.

1943 Failed assassin attempt on Hitler during Smolensk-Rastenburg flight.

[Jimbuna]

1757 On board HMS Monarch (his own flagship), British Admiral John Byng is executed by firing squad for neglecting his duty "Pour encourager les autres".

1889 German Ferdinand von Zeppelin patents his "Navigable Balloon"

1915 German cruiser Dresden scuttled off Más a Tierra, Chile, having been pursued by the Royal Navy after the Battle of the Falkland Islands, with her engines worn out and virtually no coal.

1943 Kraków Ghetto is "liquidated"

1964 Dallas, Texas; Jack Ruby sentenced to death for Lee Harvey Oswald's murder.

[Jimbuna]

44 BC Julius Caesar is stabbed to death by Brutus, Cassius and several other Roman senators on the Ides of March in Rome.

1940 Hermann Goering says 100-200 church bells enough for Germany, smelt the rest.

1944 Italian town of Cassino destroyed by Allied bombing.

1957 Great Britain becomes the third nation to explode a nuclear bomb.

[Aktungbby]

44 BC Julius Caesar is stabbed to death by Brutus, Cassius and several other Roman senators on the Ides of March in Rome.

From which we get the expressions: "Et tu Brute"https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CdluMn7UkAAQkyM.jpg :O:"...beware the Ides of March", " A funny thing happened on the way to the forum"...Even First lady Eleanor Roosevelt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt) held a toga party to spoof those that compared her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt) to "Caesar". https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/C%C3%A9sar_%2813667960455%29.jpg/220px-C%C3%A9sar_%2813667960455%29.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:C%C3%A9sar_(13667960455).jpg) May their respective memories never 'go bust!':haha:(as I collect my $ocial $ecurity...thanks FDR!:shucks: :salute:)https://cdn3.bigcommerce.com/s-rrxhho/products/902/images/1085/Franklin-D-Roosevelt-Bust-59__84364.1441480362.1280.1280.jpg?c=2 I'm in line with this theory:
And on that fateful day in March more than 2,000 years ago, Caesar dragged his aching, sick body out of bed and headed toward the Senate, likely knowing exactly what he was walking into. He wasn’t just ignoring warnings of impending death; he was achieving immortality. Caesar may not have had to actually guide the hands that drove those daggers into his body 23 times, but his yet-shrewd mind saw all the pieces falling together. He even got to one-up his betrayers by selecting the Senate as the scene of the murder.
“If the conspirators are going to kill him, what would be the worst place? Where they would lose their legitimacy?” The Senate was a traditionally weapon-free location the conspirators violated by attacking him.
Bursztajn’s conclusion is startling, The (London) Sunday Times (http://www.forensic-psych.com/articles/artLTimesEtTuJulius3903.php) asserted.
The godfather who directs and controls the events of March 15, 44BC, is not hot-headed Cassius or scheming Brutus. They are, as they always have been, far out of their depth, minnows in a political ocean patrolled by sharks. No: the man pulling the strings, the orchestrator of his own death, is none other than Julius Caesar himself.
The outcome is exactly as he had planned it. In every particular, he gets what he wants. The naive and foolish conspirators, on the other hand, go away empty-handed, beaten by superior tradecraft and the poverty of their own imagination. In defending the republic they ensured its demise. In fighting dictatorship they have guaranteed its victory. By killing Caesar they have made him immortal The flashing blades on the ides of March delivered to Julius Caesar exactly what he had planned that they should: immortality....the verdict is unconventional but unavoidable. Suicide by conspirator. ....bottom line: to every Roman family, Caesar bequeathed enough money for them to live for up to three months at his expense. $ocial $ecurity??!! The crowd at the funeral broke into a frenzy of posthumous adulation. His adopted heir, Octavian, eventually became the first Roman Emperor as Augustus. Caesar saw it all coming and turned his demise into a useful political tool: He was the first historical Roman to be officially deified. He was posthumously granted the title Divus Iulius (the divine Julius ) by decree of the Roman Senate on 1 January 42 BC. The appearance of a comet during was taken as confirmation of his divinity. http://www.forensic-psych.com/articles/artLTimesEtTuJulius3903.php (http://www.forensic-psych.com/articles/artLTimesEtTuJulius3903.php)

[Jimbuna]

1915 British battle cruisers Inflexible & Irresistible hit mines in Dardanelles.

1935 Adolf Hitler orders German rearmament in violation of The Treaty of Versailles.

1940 German air raid on British fleet base Scapa Flow.

1968 My Lai massacre occurs (Vietnam War); 450 die.

[Jimbuna]

432 Saint Patrick, aged about 16 is captured by Irish pirates from his home in Great Britain and taken as a slave to Ireland (traditional date).

1800 British warship Queen Charlotte catches fire; 700 die.

1891 British Steamer "Utopia" sinks off Gibraltar killing 574.

1942 Bełżec Concentration Camp opens with the transport of 30,000 Lublin Polish Jews.

[Aktungbby]

1966: Alvin minisub locates lost hydrogen bomb in sea off Palomares Spain. Four bombs had fallen during a fatal air refueling disaster. The aircraft and hydrogen bombs fell to earth near the fishing village of Palomares (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palomares,_Almer%C3%ADa). Three of the weapons were located on land within 24 hours of the accident—the conventional explosives in two had exploded on impact, spreading radioactive contamination (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_contamination), while a third was found relatively intact in a riverbed. The fourth weapon could not be found despite an intensive search of the area—the only part that was recovered was the parachute tail plate, leading searchers to postulate that the weapon's parachute had deployed, and that the wind had carried it out to sea..https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/ALVIN_submersible.jpg/800px-ALVIN_submersible.jpgThe search for the fourth bomb was carried out by means of a novel mathematical method, Bayesian search theory (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_search_theory), led by Dr. Craven. This method assigns probabilities (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilities) to individual map grid squares, then updates these as the search progresses. Initial probability input is required for the grid squares, and these probabilities made use of the fact that a local fisherman, Francisco Simó Orts, popularly known since then as "Paco el de la bomba" ("Bomb Paco" or "Bomb Frankie"), witnessed the bomb entering the water at a certain location. Orts was hired by the U.S. Air Force to assist in the search operation. After a search that continued for 80 days following the crash, the bomb was located by the DSV (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep-submergence_vehicle)Alvin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSV_Alvin) on 17 March, but was dropped and temporarily lost when the Navy attempted to bring it to the surface. After the loss of the recovered bomb the ship's positions were fixed by Decca HI-FIX (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_Navigator_System#Other_applications) position-locating equipment for subsequent recovery attempts. Alvin located the bomb again on 2 April, this time at a depth of 2,900 feet (880 m). On 7 April, an unmanned torpedo recovery vehicle,CURV-I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURV), became entangled in the weapon's parachute while attempting to attach a line to it. A decision was made to raise CURV and the weapon together to a depth of 100 feet (30 m), where divers attached cables to them. The bomb was then brought to the surface. http://www.strangehistory.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/fraga-and-biddle.jpg (http://www.strangehistory.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/fraga-and-biddle.jpg) <Galician politician Manuel Fraga Iribarne who was then minister for tourism under Franco. He and the then American ambassador to Spain, Biddle Duke decided to go for a swim at Palomares to convince the world that the incident had passed without serious repercussions for the local environment. The photographs of these two intelligent and powerful men clowning around in the waves (see above) must stand as one of the low points of the Cold War. However, to be fair both made it to a ripe old age: BD died at seventy nine while roller-blading. However: There has been a marked long-term occurrence of cancer and other health defects among the surviving USAF personnel who were directed to the site in the days following the accident to clean up the contamination. Most of the afflicted personnel have had difficulty securing any type of compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs) due to the secretive nature of the cleanup operation and the Air Force's refusal to acknowledge that adequate safety measures to protect the first responders may not have been taken...
In August 2010, a Spanish government source revealed that the U.S. has stopped the annual payments it has made to Spain, as the bilateral agreement in force since the accident expired the previous year.On 19 October 2015 Spain and the United States signed an agreement to further discuss the cleanup and removal of land contaminated with radioactivity. Under a statement of intent signed by Spanish Foreign Minister José García-Margallo y Marfil (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Garc%C3%ADa-Margallo_y_Marfil) and U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kerry), the two countries will negotiate a binding agreement to further restore and clear up the Palomares site and arrange for the disposal of the contaminated soil at an appropriate site in the United States. Poor fisherman Simó Orts never collected on his Maritime Salvage rights in court: customarily a nominal 2% ...of the intrinsic value to the owner of the thing salved. But the thing salved off Palomares was a hydrogen bomb, the same bomb valued by no less an authority than the Secretary of Defense at $2 billion—each percent of which is, of course, $20 million.":Kaleun_Crying: (wiki et al) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/NAM---Palomares-bombs.jpg/220px-NAM---Palomares-bombs.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NAM---Palomares-bombs.jpg)2 of the casings from the bomber recoved from Palomares current on display.

[Jimbuna]

1915 French battleship Bouvet explodes, 640 killed.

1940 Benito Mussolini joins Hitler in Germany's war against France & Britain.

1949 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Org) ratified.

1965 Rolling Stones fined £5 each for public urination.

[Jimbuna]

1918 S Potter becomes 1st US pilot to shoot down a German seaplane.

1943 Airship Canadian Star torpedoed & sinks.

1945 800 killed as Kamikaze attacked USS Franklin off Japan.

[Jimbuna]

1815 Napoleon enters Paris after escape from Elba, begins 100-day rule.

1917 After the sinking of 3 more American merchant ships, US President Woodrow Wilson meets with cabinet, who agree that war is inevitable.

1922 USS Langley is commissioned, US Navy's first aircraft carrier

1933 Dachau, first Nazi concentration camp, completed.

1942 Convoy PQ13 departs Reykjavik Iceland to Russia.

1942 Gen MacArthur vows, "I shall return"

1943 German U-384 bombed & sinks.

[Jimbuna]

1943 Assassination attempt on Hitler fails.

1943 Massacre of the town of Kalavryta, Greece by German Nazi troops.

1945 First Japanese flying bombs (ochas) attack Okinawa

2014 Russia formally annexes Crimea amid international condemenation.

[Jimbuna]

1941 James Stewart is inducted into the Army, becoming the first major American movie star to wear a military uniform in World War II.

1944 American movie star Jimmy Stewart flies his 12th combat mission, leading the 2nd Bomb Wing in an attack on Berlin.

[Jimbuna]

1919 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party re-establishes a five-member Politburo which becomes the center of political power in the Soviet Union. Original members Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Lev Kamenev and Nikolai Krestinsky.

[Jimbuna]

1603 Scottish King James VI son of Mary Queen of Scots, becomes King James I of England in succession to Elizabeth I, thus joining the English and Scottish crowns.

1878 British frigate Eurydice sunk; 300 lost.

1906 "Census of the British Empire" shows Britain rules 1/5 of the world.

1916 German submarines torpedo the unarmed French cross-channel packet 'Sussex'

1944 76 Allied officers escape Stalag Luft 3 (Great Escape).

1945 Largest one-day airborne drop, 600 transports & 1300 gliders. Operation Varsity: British, US & Canadian airborne landings east of the Rhine.

1949 SS police chief in the Netherlands Hanns Albin Rauter's request for a pardon denied, executed by firing squad.

1999 Kosovo War: NATO commences air bombardment against Yugoslavia, marking the first time NATO has attacked a sovereign country.

[Jimbuna]

1807 British Parliament abolishes slave trade throughout the British Empire; penalty of £120 per slave introduced for ship captains.

1863 First US Army Medal of Honor awarded.

1915 First submarine disaster; a US F-4 sank off Hawaii, killing 21.

1917 Canadian ace Billy Bishop claims his first victory, shooting down and mortally wounding German Leutnant Theiller.

1944 RAF Flight Sgt Nicholas Alkemade survives a jump from his Lancaster bomber from 18,000 feet over Germany without a parachute; his fall was broken by pine trees and soft snow, and he suffered only a sprained leg.

1960 First guided missile launched from nuclear powered sub (Halibut).

1961 Elvis Presley performs live on the USS Arizona.

1970 Concorde makes its first supersonic flight (700 MPH/1,127 KPH).

[Aktungbby]

1961 Elvis Presley performs live on the USS Arizona. http://www.edsullivan.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Elvis-Hawaii-232x300.jpg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LG4TGPrc_Bw (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LG4TGPrc_Bw) Elvis staged the concert to help raise money to build a memorial at Pearl Harbor dedicated to all of those who had lost their lives in the December 7, 1941 attack. Elvis actually had the idea to host the concert from reading about the memorial in a newspaper article in 1960. The article had been written about how the fundraising efforts for the memorial had slowed and it did not look like it would be built. Elvis had just returned from serving in the military and wanted to do something to help. He and his manager, Colonel Tom Parker, agreed to put on a benefit concert in Hawaii in hopes that it might revitalize fundraising efforts.
Sure enough, the concert was a huge success. The day of the show, Elvis was mobbed by over 3,000 fans when his plane touched down in Hawaii That evening, close to 5,000 fans were in attendance to see Elvis and a list of other great performers. The benefit show at Bloch Arena in the Pearl Harbor Navy Yard helped raise over $50,000 and brought national attention to the cause. On Memorial Day the next year, the USS Arizona Memorial was dedicated.
This concert raised over $64,000, which was more than 10% of the final cost.:Kaleun_Salute:

[Aktungbby]

1865: The Battle of Fort Stedman, also known as the Battle of Hare's Hill; during the final days of the American Civil War. The Yankee's fortification in the siege lines around Petersburg Virginia , was attacked in a desperate pre-dawn Confederate assault by troops led by ferocious Maj. Gen. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_General_(CSA))John B. Gordon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Gordon). The fort was an earthen redoubt with a moat and 9-foot walls. Although imposing, Gordon believed it offered the greatest chance for success since it was located just 150 yards from the Confederate lines–the narrowest gap along the entire front. Some 11,000 Rebels hurled themselves at the Union lines. They overwhelmed the surprised Yankees and captured 1,000 yards of trenches. Initially successful, the attack faltered due to looting (food for starving rebels) and delayed follow-up brigades; Thus, the Confederate momentum waned. Gordon’s men took up defensive positions as Union reinforcements arrived to stem to onslaught. An able Union Brigadier, John F. Hartranft (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Hartranft), took impromptu field command, ordering an immediate counter-attack on his own initiative. Seeing defeat looming, Lee authorized Gordon's withdrawal. Union casualties in the Battle of Fort Stedman were 1,044 (72 killed, 450 wounded, 522 missing or captured), Confederate casualties a considerably heavier 4,000 (600 killed, 2,400 wounded, 1,000 missing or captured). But more seriously, the Confederate positions were weakened, and irreplaceable men lost. After the battle, Lee's defeat was only a matter of time; his final opportunity to break the Union lines and regain the momentum was gone. The Battle of Fort Stedman was the final offense action of the Army of Northern Virginia. One week later, the Union Army broke the Confederate lines,( Five Forks) ending the Richmond–Petersburg Campaign. Immediately following was the Appomattox retreat 'campaign' and the final surrender of Lee's army on April 9, 1865... 2 weeks later. wiki et al

[Jimbuna]

1942 First "Eichmann transport" to Auschwitz & Birkenau concentration camps.

1945 Iwo Jima occupied, after 18,000 Japanese & 6,000 Americans killed.

1970 500th nuclear explosion announced by the US since 1945.

1976 Queen Elizabeth II sent out the first royal email, from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment.

[Jimbuna]

1790 The modern shoelace (string and shoe holes) invented in England.

1915 Typhoid Mary [Mary Mallon] is arrested and returned to quarantine on North Brother Island, New York after spending five years evading health authorities and causing several further outbreaks of typhoid.

1941 Britain leases defense bases in Trinidad to US for 99 years.

1942 Allies raid German submarine base in St Nazaire.

1944 1,000 Jews leave Drancy, France, for Auschwitz concentration camp.

1944 2,000 Jews are murdered in Kaunas Lithuania.

1944 40 Jewish policemen in Riga, Latvia, ghetto are shot by the Gestapo.

1944 Children's Aktion-Nazis collect all the Jewish children of Lovno.

1964 UK Great Train Robbers sentenced to a total of 307 years behind bars.

[Jimbuna]

1941 Sea battle at Cape Matapan: British fleet under Cunningham defeats Italy.

[Aktungbby]

1942: Operation Chariot succeeds in destroying the Nomandie lock at St Nazaire, France; relegating the last German battleship, Tirpitz, to a career of hiding out in a Norwegian Fjord for the remainder of the war. 1952's Glory at Sea aka the Gift Horse with Trevor Howard:yep: and 1968's Attack on the Iron Coast...Lloyd Bridges??!!:oops: are two attempts at homage to the feat:. arguably the greatest commando raid of the war. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLpmmX_vKCI (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLpmmX_vKCI) 1935: Triumph of the Will premiers in Berlin. Propaganda 101:k_confused:: Directed by arguably the greatest woman director: Leni Riefenstahl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHs2coAzLJ8 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHs2coAzLJ8) A sobering thought: Most of the people on the screen were dead within a few years.

[Jimbuna]

1848 Niagara Falls stops flowing for 30 hours due to an ice jam.

1912 Capt Robert Scott, storm-bound in a tent near South Pole, makes last entry in his diary "the end cannot be far"

1942 British cruiser HMS Trinidad torpedoes itself in the Barents Sea.

1942 British destroyer HMS Campbeltown explodes in St Nazaire: 400 Germans die.

1942 German submarine U-585 sinks.

1974 Chinese farmers discover the Terracotta Army near Xi'an, 8,000 clay warrior statues buried to guard tomb of China's 1st emperor Qin Shi Huang.

[Jimbuna]

1867 US buys Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 (2 cents an acre - Seward's Folly).

[Gargamel]

1867 US buys Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 (2 cents an acre - Seward's Folly).

Imagine how different the cold war would have been if this wouldn't have happened.

[Jimbuna]

Imagine how different the cold war would have been if this wouldn't have happened.

Highly likely :yep:

[Jimbuna]

1954 USSR offers to join NATO.

1971 William Calley sentenced to life for Mi Lai Massacre.

1972 Final day of the rum ration in the Royal Canadian Navy.

[Jimbuna]

1778 New Orleans businessman Oliver Pollock creates the "$" symbol.

1873 British White Star steamship Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia, 547 die.

1905 "SOS" first adopted as a morse distress signal (· · · – – – · · ·) by German government.

1918 United Kingdom: the Royal Air Force is created from the Royal Naval Air Service and the Royal Flying Corps.

1941 The Blockade Runner Badge for German Kriegsmarine is instituted.

1969 The Hawker Siddeley Harrier (vertical take-off fighter) enters service with the RAF.

1992 Battleship USS Missouri, on which the Japanese surrender took place, decommissioned.

[Jimbuna]

1801 Napoleonic Wars: naval Battle of Copenhagen - The British led by Horatio Nelson destroy the Danish fleet.

1804 Forty merchantmen are wrecked when a convoy led by HMS Apollo runs aground off Portugal.

1912 Titanic undergoes sea trials under its own power.

1917 US President Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to declare war against Germany.

1942 USS Hornet with Jimmy Doolittles B-25 departs from San Francisco.

1982 Several thousand Argentine troops seize the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands from Great Britain.

[Aktungbby]

1801 Napoleonic Wars: naval Battle of Copenhagen - The British led by Horatio Nelson destroy the Danish fleet.

Sometimes it helps to be blind: Admiral Parker could see little of the battle owing to gun smoke, but could see the signals (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_signals) on the three grounded British ships, with Bellona (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Bellona_(1760)) and Russell (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Russell_(1764)) flying signals of distress and Agamemnon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Agamemnon_(1781)) a signal of inability to proceed. Thinking that Nelson might have fought to a stand-still but might be unable to retreat without orders (the Articles of War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articles_of_War_(Royal_Navy)) demanded that all ranks 'do their utmost' against the enemy in battle), at 1:30pm Parker told his flag captain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_captain), "I will make the signal of recall for Nelson's sake. If he is in condition to continue the action, he will disregard it; if he is not, it will be an excuse for his retreat and no blame can be imputed to him."Nelson ordered that the signal be acknowledged, but not repeated. He turned to his flag captain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_captain), Thomas Foley (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Foley_(Royal_Navy_officer)), and said "You know, Foley, I only have one eye — I have the right to be blind sometimes," and then, holding his telescope to his blind eye (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turning_a_blind_eye), said "I really do not see the signal!"Rear Admiral Graves repeated the signal, but in a place invisible to most other ships while keeping Nelson's 'close action' signal at his masthead ODDLY William Bligh of the Bounty fame and not considered a real success in history books ,:03: proved very much the man this day. Captain aboard a the fourth-rate (54 gun) HMS Glatton, the only British vessel armed only with Carronades https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carronade (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carronade) nasty close-in Scottish made weapon, which also made the ammunition with a very low windage or gap with the gun-tube; as a result, The broadside was greater in destruction than a 100 gun conventional ship of the line such as HMS Victory. [QUOTE]After the battle, Nelson personally praised Bligh for Bligh's contribution to the victory. He sailed Glatton safely between the banks while three other vessels ran aground. When Nelson pretended not to notice Admiral Parker's signal "43" (stop the battle) and kept the signal "16" hoisted to continue the engagement, Bligh was the only captain in the squadron who could see that the two signals were in conflict. By choosing to fly Nelson's signal, he ensured that all the vessels behind him kept fighting. :salute:

[Mr Quatro]

1867 US buys Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 (2 cents an acre - Seward's Folly).

Lessons for all of us to learn ... I wonder how long it took for Russia to spend that $7.2 million dollars? Money all gone and the land is ours ... a lot like all of the sports cars I have owned and sold ... money all gone and the cars now belong to someone else.:o

[Jimbuna]

1882 American outlaw Jesse James is killed by Robert Ford at home in St Joseph.

1929 RMS Queen Mary is ordered from John Brown & Company Shipbuilding and Engineering by Cunard Line.

1941 Churchill warns Stalin of German invasion.

1944 British dive bombers attack battle cruiser Tirpitz.

1945 Nazis begin evacuation of camp Buchenwald.

1982 UN Security Council demanded Argentina withdraw from Falkland Islands.

[Jimbuna]

1581 Francis Drake knighted by Queen Elizabeth I aboard Golden Hind at Deptford.

1913 The Greek aviator Emmanuel Argyropoulos becomes the first pilot victim of the Hellenic Air Force when his plane crashes.

1945 US forces liberated the Nazi death camp Ohrdruf in Germany.

1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) treaty signed in Washington DC.

1968 US civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.

[Mr Quatro]

Thank you Jim for doing this everyday ... Do you enjoy it?

[Jimbuna]

Thank you Jim for doing this everyday ... Do you enjoy it?

Yeah, I like to know what has happened in previous times in history :yep:

[Jimbuna]

1974 World Trade Center, then the world's tallest building, opens in New York (110 stories).

[Jimbuna]

1916 German parliament approves unrestricted submarine warfare.

1917 US declares war on Germany, enters World War I.

1945 Giant Japanese battleship Yamato heads to Okinawa.

1945 Massive kamikaze attack on US battle fleet near Okinawa.

[Jimbuna]

30 Scholars' estimate for Jesus' crucifixion by Roman troops in Jerusalem.

1926 Mussolini is shot 3 times by Violet Gibson in Rome, only hitting him in the nose.

1945 US planes intercept Japanese fleet heading for Okinawa on a suicide superbattleship Yamato and four destroyers were sunk.

[Jimbuna]

1940 German battlecruisers Gneisenau and Scharnhors sink British aircraft carrier Glorious.

[Jimbuna]

1916 The Libau sets sail from Germany with a cargo of 20,000 rifles to assist Irish republicans; Captain Karl Spindler changes the name of the vessel to the Aud to avoid British detection.

1940 German cruiser Blucher torpedoed and capsizes in Oslofjord, 1,000 die.

1945 Battleship Admiral Scheer sunk by RAF bombing in Kiel.

1963 Winston Churchill becomes 1st honorary US citizen.

[Jimbuna]

1858 "Big Ben", a 13.76 tonne bell, is recast in the Tower of Westminster.

1912 RMS Titanic sets sail from Southampton for her maiden (and final) voyage.

1945 Allies liberate 1st Nazi concentration camp, Buchenwald (Czech).

[Jimbuna]

1783 Hostilities formally cease in the American Revolutionary War.

1814 Napoleon abdicates unconditionally; he is exiled to Elba.

1900 The first modern submarine designed and built by John Philip Holland is purchased by the U.S. Navy.

[Jimbuna]

1935 First flight of the Bristol Blenheim.

1945 Canadian troops liberate Nazi concentration camp Westerbork, Netherlands.

1945 US President Franklin Roosevelt dies in office and Vice-President Harry Truman is sworn in as 33rd US President.

1961 Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first person to orbit Earth (Vostok 1).

[Jimbuna]

1912 Royal Flying Corps forms (later Royal Air Force).

1940 Second battle of Narvik; 3 German destroyers and one U-boat sunk by the Royal Navy, 5 more German destroyers scuttled.

[Jimbuna]

1912 RMS Titanic hits an iceberg at 11.40pm off Newfoundland.

1942 Destroyer Roper sinks German U-85 of US east coast.

1943 A JN-25 decrypt by American intelligence detailing a forthcoming visit by Marshal Admiral Yamamoto to Balalae Island results in his plane shot down 4 days later.

1945 American planes bomb Tokyo & damage the Imperial Palace.

[Kaye T. Bai]

1865 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is shot and the U.S. Secretary of State William Seward is injured in a botched assassination.
1941 - The Germans attack Tobruk, Libya during World War II.
1909 - Armenians are killed by the Ottomans in a massacre.
1981 - The space shuttle Columbia completes its first test flight.
1988 – The USS Samuel B. Roberts strikes a mine in the Persian Gulf.
1991 - The first president of the newly-independent country of Georgia takes office.
1994 - The USAF mistakenly shoots down two U.S. Army helicopters, killing 26 people.
2003 - The Human Genome Project is completed.

[Jimbuna]

1865 Abraham Lincoln dies 9 hours after he is shot attending the play "Our American Cousin" at Ford's Theatre in Washington.

1912 RMS Titanic sinks at 2:27 AM off Newfoundland as the band plays on.

1942 George VI awards George Cross to people of Malta.

1945 British Army liberates Nazi concentration camp Bergen-Belsen.

[Jimbuna]

1945 Colditz Castle, the high-security prisoner of war camp in Germany, is liberated by American troops.

1948 Organization for European Economic Cooperation (EEC) forms in Paris.

1951 British submarine Affray sank in English Channel, killing 75.

1953 British royal yacht Britannia launched by Queen Elizabeth II.

[Kaye T. Bai]

1862 - Amidst the U.S. Civil War, the American capital of Washington ends slavery.
1945 - The Americans liberate a Nazi POW camp in Saxony.
1972 - Apollo 16 takes off from Cape Canaveral in Florida.
1990 - Jack Kevorkian gives his first assisted suicide.
2003 - Ten new countries join the European Union.
2007 - A South Korean man shoots and kills 32 people at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. (I have a bit of a personal connection to this since I was in Virginia, at the Norfolk naval base when this happened. RIP.)
2013 - An earthquake strikes Iran.
2014 - The South Korean ferry Sewol capsizes and sinks, killing 304 on board.

[Jimbuna]

1961 1,400 Cuban exiles land in Bay of Pigs in a doomed attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro.

[STEED]

Britain's 'big bang' in Heligoland, 70 years on

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-39590752

[Sailor Steve]

:o WOW!

That was a big bang! Also one I'd never heard of. Fascinating that they would do that. Looking at the modern video, I'm glad the island survived. Looks like a cool place.

Thanks for posting that, STEED. :yep:

[Jimbuna]

1783 Fighting ceases in the American Revolution, eight years to the day since it began.

1915 French pilot Roland Garros is shot down and glides to a landing on the German side of the lines during World War I.

1942 James Doolittle bombs Tokyo and other Japanese cities.

[Sailor Steve]

This post in the '100 Years' thread caught my eye:
Edmond Genet, American volunteer in the French Foreign Legion, becomes the 1st American flier to be KIA after the U.S. declaration of war.
Genet was an interesting person. He was still in the United States Navy when he joined the Foreign Legion, so he was technically a deserter. After his death the War Department sent a telegram to his family assuring them that his service was honorable and as the first official American casualty of the war he would be revered as a hero.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Genet

What really got my attention was the name itself, and I knew there had to be a connection. Sure enough, at the time Genet was already famous in France as the great-grandson of one of the French Revolution's early heroes. The problem was that the original Edmond Genet, while trying to help the cause of France, became known as a troublemaker and potential enemy of the United States. In his zeal to win American support for France in her war with Britain, Genet recruited soldiers and hired ships to act as privateers, seriously affecting America's position of neutrality, so much so that President Washington himself wanted Genet to be deported back to France. All-in-all the 'Citizen Genet' affair is remembered as a troubled time for the first president.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond-Charles_Gen%C3%AAt

[Aktungbby]

Britain's 'big bang' in Heligoland, 70 years on

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-39590752

:o WOW!

That was a big bang! Also one I'd never heard of. Fascinating that they would do that. Looking at the modern video, I'm glad the island survived. Looks like a cool place.

Thanks for posting that, STEED. :yep: I wonder how 6700 tons (per the video) compares to APR 16 1946's USS Grancamp fiasco: 2200 tons of ammonium nitrate with the initial blast and subsequent chain-reaction of further fires and explosions in other ships and nearby oil-storage facilities (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_depot). It killed at least 581 people, including all but one member of the Texas City fire department ...and the nearby USS High Flyer. She was docked about 600 feet (200 m) away from the SS Grandcamp. The High Flyer contained an additional 961 short tons (872 metric tons) of ammonium nitrate and 1,800 short tons (1,600 metric tons) of sulfur (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur). The Grandcamp explosion destroyed the Monsanto Chemical Company (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsanto) plant and resulted in ignition of refineries and chemical tanks on the waterfront. Falling bales of burning twine from the ship's cargo added to the damage while the Grandcamp's anchor was hurled across the city. Two sightseeing airplanes flying nearby had their wings shorn off, forcing them out of the sky. 10 miles (16 km) away, people in Galveston were forced to their knees. http://www.texascity-library.org/disaster/second.php (http://www.texascity-library.org/disaster/second.php)

[Jimbuna]

1943 SS-lt-gen Jurgen Stoop leads destruction of ghetto of Warsaw.

1951 Gen Douglas MacArthur ends his military career.

1967 Beatles sign a contract to stay together for 10 years (they don't).

[Jimbuna]

1918 Manfred von Richthofen, aka The Red Baron, shoots down his 79th and 80th victims marking his final victories before his death the following day.

1942 German occupiers forbids Dutch access to their beaches.

1945 Soviet artillery begins shelling Berlin.

1945 US 7th army captured German city of Nuremberg.

1962 NASA civilian pilot Neil Armstrong takes X-15 to 63,250 m.

1976 George Harrison sings lumberjack song with Monty Python.

[Jimbuna]

1836 Battle of San Jacinto, Texas wins independence from Mexico.

1918 World War I: German fighter ace Baron Manfred von Richthofen "The Red Baron", shot down and killed over Vaux sur Somme in France, Canadian pilot Arthur Roy Brown credited with the kill.

[Aktungbby]

1836 Battle of San Jacinto, Texas wins independence from Mexico.

http://www.thestoryoftexas.com/upload/images/artifacts/Surrender%20of%20Santa%20Anna/the-surrender-of-santa-anna.jpgHow to take care of 'paperwork' 101! Win the war....and start a new nation all at the same time!:yeah: http://www.thestoryoftexas.com/discover/artifacts/the-surrender-of-santa-anna (http://www.thestoryoftexas.com/discover/artifacts/the-surrender-of-santa-anna)

[Von Due]

753 BC - Rome was founded, tradition says.

[Jimbuna]

1915 First military use of poison gas (chlorine, by Germany) in WWI.

1940 Rear Adm Joseph Taussig testifies before US Senate Naval Affairs Committee that war with Japan is inevitable.

1945 Concentration Camp at Sachsenhausen liberated.

[Kaye T. Bai]

1800 - The U.S. Library of Congress is created.
1877 - Russia goes to war with the Ottomans.
1915 - The Armenian Genocide begins.
1918 - The first tank battle occurs between the UK and Germany.
1957 - The Suez Canal is reopened.
1970 - The Gambia becomes a republic.
1993 - The IRA blows up a bomb in London, United Kingdom.
2004 - The U.S. lifts sanctions it had put on Libya 18 years prior.
2005 - Joseph Ratzinger becomes the pope.
2013 - Riots break out in China.

[Jimbuna]

1184 BC The Greeks enter Troy using the Trojan Horse (traditional date).

1953 Winston Churchill knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.

1969 Paul McCartney says there is no truth to rumors he is dead.

[Aktungbby]

1898: Spain declares war on the United States. the united States responds in kind the next day; and an empire is born! much of the miseries of the 20th century will ensue.... ERRRR well we've still got Puerto Rico, Guam and a perpetual lease on Guantanamo Bay. Oddly the war officially ended in 2006 as 'money is the sinews of war' ??!!: To pay the costs of the war, Congress passed an excise tax on long-distance phone service (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_telephone_excise_tax). At the time, it affected only wealthy Americans who owned telephones. However, the Congress neglected to repeal the tax after the war ended four months later, and the tax remained in place for over 100 years until, on August 1, 2006, it was announced that the U.S. Department of the Treasury (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury) and the IRS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service) would no longer collect the tax.:Kaleun_Applaud:

[Kaye T. Bai]

1792 - The French national anthem is composed and the first guillotine execution occurs.
1829 - HMS Challenger arrives off the coast of present-day western Australia.
1846 - The Mexican-U.S. War begins.
1862 - During the U.S. Civil War, the U.S. Navy demands the surrender of the enemy-held city of New Orleans, LA.
1864 - During the U.S. Civil War, American forces are defeated by the Confederates at the Battle of Marks' Mills.
1898 - The United States of America declares war on Spain.
1901 - New York becomes the first U.S. state to use automotive license plates.
1916 - The UK declares martial law in Ireland.
1945 - During World War II, Nazi forces withdraw from northern Italy.
1951 - During the Korean War, Chinese forces are forced to withdraw after heavy fighting with UN forces at the Battle of Kapyong.
1975 - During the Vietnam War, Australia evacuates its embassy in South Vietnam as enemy forces approach the country's capital.
1982 - The Israelis withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula.
1983 - Space probe Pioneer 10 travels beyond Pluto's orbit.
2005 - Two new countries apply to join the European Union.
2007 - Former Russian president Boris Yeltsin's funeral is held.
2015 - An earthquake hits Nepal, killing thousands.

[Aktungbby]

404 BC: The Peloponnesian War ends as Athens surrenders to Sparta. Helot brewers from Sparta's enslaved neighbor province of Messinia were compelled to create a new celebratory beer; Hoplite Pale Ale. https://res.cloudinary.com/ratebeer/image/upload/w_250,c_limit/beer_323400.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Coloured_Lambda.png/85px-Coloured_Lambda.png (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coloured_Lambda.png):Kaleun_Cheers::shucks:

[Jimbuna]

1915 First landings at Gaba Tepe and Cape Helles on the Gallipoli Peninsula by ANZAC forces during WWI.

1945 "Elbe Day" - US and Soviet forces meet at Torgau, Germany on the Elbe River during the invasion of Germany in WWII.

1945 Red army completely surrounds Berlin.

1954 Bell labs announces the 1st solar battery made from silicon. It has about 6% efficiency.

1960 First submerged circumnavigation of Earth completed (USS Triton).

[Jimbuna]

1607 First English colony in American lands at Cape Henry, Virginia.

1945 World War II: Battle of Bautzen - last successful German tank-offensive of the war and last noteworthy victory of the Wehrmacht.

1945 Marshal Henri Philippe Petain, leader of France's Vichy collaborationist regime during WW II, arrested for treason.

1952 US minesweeper Hobson rams aircraft carrier Wasp, kills 176.

1982 Argentina surrenders to Britain on S Georgia near Falkland Islands.

[Aktungbby]

1945 World War II: Battle of Bautzen - last successful German tank-offensive of the war and last noteworthy victory of the Wehrmacht. An interesting and useless disaster on both sides-the big picture was Berlin: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Battle_of_Berlin_1945-a.png/800px-Battle_of_Berlin_1945-a.png Polish historians have been much more critical of Świerczewski's command, blaming his drive on Dresden for the near destruction of the Polish force. Świerczewski's lack of competence, according to some sources, included commanding the battle while drunk. He was briefly relieved of command by Marshal Konev,. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bautzen_(1945)#cite_note-zw-3) but due to the backing of the Soviet high command (most likely the NKVD) he not only retained his position but all controversies were hushed up, and after the war was hailed as a hero. The actions of other Polish officers have also been questioned, such as the 9th Infantry Division commander's decision to advance without sufficient reconnaissance and escort. Ferdinand Schörner, upon Hitler's suicide, promoted to last commander of the Oberkommando des Heeres (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberkommando_des_Heeres) (Supreme Command of the Army, the OKH) was not much better. A favorite of Goebbels and Hitler: on 4 April 1945, Schörner was promoted to field marshal and was named as the new Commander-in-Chief of the German Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Army_High_Command) (Oberbefehlshaber des Heeres (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberkommando_des_Heeres)) in Hitler's last testament (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_will_and_testament_of_Adolf_Hitler). German veterans particularly criticized Schörner for a 1945 order that all soldiers found behind the front lines, who did not possess written orders to be in that particular area, were to be court-martialed on the spot and hanged if found guilty of desertion. This is mentioned in the writings of and Joseph Goebbels. "Deserters get no mercy from him," Goebbels wrote of Schörner on 11 March 1945. "They are hanged from the nearest tree with a placard round their necks saying: 'I am a deserter. I have declined to defend German women and children and therefore I have been hanged.'" The approving Goebbels continued with, "Naturally such methods are effective. Every man in Schörner's area knows that he may die at the front but will inevitably die in the rear." Gottlob H. Bidermann, a German infantry officer who served in Schörner's command in 1944-45, reported in his memoirs that the General was despised by officers and men alike.
While Schörner's men were marched off to die in Soviet POW camps at the cessation of hostilities, Schörner made certain that he personally avoided their fate. When captured by the Americans in their sector, Schörner is said to have been dressed as a Bavarian non-combatant, behavior for which he had only recently had his own soldiers executed.
Moreover, Schörner did not hesitate to second Hitler's daydreams in the last weeks of the war, agreeing that the Red Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Army)'s main objective would be Prague (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague) instead of Berlin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin) (in itself a colossal strategic blunder), and so leading him to weaken the already critically thin defense lines in front of the German capital to counter this perceived threat. Historian Ian Kershaw described him in 2011 (BBC History Magazine) as "extraordinarily brutal". Following the war he was convicted of war crimes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes) by courts in the Soviet Union, East Germany, and West Germany. Schörner was arrested in August 1951 by the Soviet authorities on charges of war crimes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes). In February 1952 the Military Board of the USSR Supreme Court sentenced him to 25 years' imprisonment. A decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet) in April 1952 reduced this sentence to 12 and a half years. A decree of December 1954 allowed him to be handed over to authorities of the German Democratic Republic, who allowed him to leave for West Germany (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany) in 1958. There he was arrested and charged with the illegal executions of German Army soldiers accused of desertion. He was found guilty and sentenced to four and a half years' jail, which he served.:k_confused: He was released in 1963 and lived in obscurity in Munich until his death in 1973. In the late 1960s he gave a lengthy interview the battle of Caporetto (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto) in World War I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I) rather than on his World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II) service. At his death in 1973 he was the last living German Field Marshal. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L29176%2C_Ferdinand_Sch%C3%B6rner.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LeutnantFerdinandSchoerner.jpg) The end of wars of annihilation are never good. The pictures show the grimness, hatred and utter waste of the closing days. View at your discretion: https://historyimages.blogspot.com/2011/09/1945-soviet-army-last-stages-ww2.html (https://historyimages.blogspot.com/2011/09/1945-soviet-army-last-stages-ww2.html)

[Jimbuna]

1940 Himmler orders establishment of Auschwitz Concentration Camp.

1945 Italian partisans capture Benito Mussolini at Dongo (Lake Como).

1946 First radar installed aboard a commercial ship.

1989 Beijing students take over Tiananmen Square in China.

[Jimbuna]

1655 English General-at-Sea Robert Blake (he was never titled Admiral) beats North African pirate fleet.

1770 British Captain James Cook, aboard the Endeavour, lands at Botany Bay in Australia.

1789 Fletcher Christian leads a mutiny on HMS Bounty against its captain William Bligh.

1910 First night air flight by Claude Grahame-White in England.

1937 1st commercial flight across Pacific operated by Pan Am.

1940 SS-Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) Rudolf Höss (not Hess, diferent Nazi) becomes commandant of concentration camp Auschwitz.

1944 Exercise "Tiger" ends with 750 US soldiers dead in D-Day rehearsal after their convoy ships were attacked by German torpedo boats off Slapton Sands, Devon.

[Kaye T. Bai]

1503 - The Battle of Cerignola is fought between the Spanish and the French. It is the first battle in history won by firearms.
1788 - Maryland officially joins the United States of America.
1923 - Wembley Stadium opens in the United Kingdom.
1967 - Amidst the Vietnam War, boxer Muhammad Ali refuses to be drafted into the U.S. Army.
1969 - Charles de Gaulle resigns as the president of France.
1975 - With enemy forces closing in on the South Vietnamese capital, General Cao Văn Viên, the South Vietnamese army's head, departs for the U.S.
1986 - The USS Enterprise becomes the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier to pass through the Suez Canal.
1994 - Aldrich Ames, a man who worked for the CIA, pleads guilty to giving U.S. secrets to the Soviet Union and later the Russian Federation.
1996 - 35 people are killed after an armed gunman opens fire at the Broad Arrow Cafe in Port Arthur, Australia.
2007 - A minor earthquake hits Kent, United Kingdom.

[Aktungbby]

1503 - The Battle of Cerignola is fought between the Spanish and the French. It is the first battle in history won by firearms.
PERHAPS NOT THE FIRST! :D https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_gunpowder (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_gunpowder) The Battle of Crécy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cr%C3%A9cy) in 1346 was one of the first in Europe where cannons were used. Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani describes the deployment of firearms thus, "The English king arranged his archers, of whom he had many, on the carts, and some below and with guns [bombarde] that threw out small iron pellets [pallottole] with fire, to frighten the French horsemen and cause them to desert." Traditionally the first appearance of the hand cannon is dated to the late 13th century, just after the Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Song_dynasty). However a sculpture depicting a figure carrying a gourd shaped hand cannon was discovered among the Dazu Rock Carvings (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dazu_Rock_Carvings) in 1985 by Robin Yates. The sculptures were completed roughly 250 km northwest of Chongqing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongqing) by 1128, after the fall of Kaifeng to the Jin dynasty. If the dating is correct this would push back the appearance of the cannon in China by a hundred years more than previously thought. The bulbous nature of the cannon is congruous with the earliest hand cannons discovered in China and Europe.
Archaeological samples of the gun, specifically the hand cannon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_cannon) (huochong (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huochong)), have been dated starting from the 13th century. The oldest extant gun whose dating is unequivocal is the Xanadu Gun, so called because it was discovered in the ruins of Xanadu (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangdu), the Mongol summer palace in Inner Mongolia. The Xanadu Gun is 34.7 cm in length and weighs 6.2 kg. Its dating is based on archaeological context and a straightforward inscription whose era name and year corresponds with the Gregorian Calendar at 1298. Not only does the inscription contain the era name and date, it also includes a serial number and manufacturing information which suggests that gun production had already become systematized, or at least become a somewhat standardized affair by the time of its fabrication. The design of the gun includes axial holes in its rear which some speculate could have been used in a mounting mechanism. Like most early guns with the possible exception of the Western Xia gun, it is small, weighing just over six kilograms and thirty-five centimeters in length. Although the Xanadu Gun is the most precisely dated gun from the 13th century, other extant samples with approximate dating likely predate it.
One candidate is the Heilongjiang hand cannon, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Heilongjianghandcannon.jpg/180px-Heilongjianghandcannon.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heilongjianghandcannon.jpg) discovered in 1970, and named after the province of its discovery, Heilongjiang, in northeastern China. It is small and light like the Xanadu gun, weighing only 3.5 kilograms, 34 cm (Needham says 35 cm), and a bore of approximately 2.5 cm. Based on contextual evidence, historians believe it was used by Yuan forces against a rebellion by Mongol prince Nayan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayan_(Mongol_Prince)) in 1287. The History of Yuan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Yuan) states that a Jurchen commander known as Li Ting led troops armed with hand cannons into battle against Nayan. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayan_(Mongol_Prince (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayan_(Mongol_Prince)). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_gunpowder#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986293-4-62)

[Kaye T. Bai]

1781 - British and French ships battle each other off of the coast of Martinique during the U.S. Revolutionary War.
1861 - At the start of the American Civil War, the U.S. state of Maryland chooses to remain a part of the United States.
1862 - U.S. Marines capture the city hall of New Orleans during the American Civil War.
1903 - A mudslide kills 70 people in Frank, Canada.
1916 - A rebellion in Ireland comes to an end as its leaders surrender to the UK.
1945 - During World War II, German forces in Italy surrender to the Allies and American soldiers liberate the Dachau concentration camp.
1946 - The Japanese prime minister and dozens of other Japanese officials are indicted for war crimes committed during World War II.
1970 - During the Vietnam War, American and South Vietnamese forces enter Cambodia in search of Viet Cong.
1975 - With a North Vietnamese victory imminent, the U.S. begins withdrawing its citizens from South Vietnam.
1986 - A fire at a library in Los Angeles County destroys thousands of books.
1991 - An earthquake hits the country of Georgia, killing hundreds.
1992 - Riots erupt in Los Angeles County after the courts acquit several policemen who were accused of severely beating a prostrate man.
1997 - The Chemical Weapons Convention enters into force, banning the possession, creation, and usage of such weapons by countries that have ratified it.
2006 - Anti-war protests occur in New York City, New York.
2010 - Dozens of people are stabbed at a school in China.
2013 - A building in the Czech Republic explodes, probably due to a gas leak, injuring 43 people.
2015 - The Americas are declared free of rubella by the World Health Organization, the first place in the world to be.
*snip*
Oops, thanks for the correction. My source told me it was the first. :salute:

[Jimbuna]

1429 Joan of Arc arrives at the seige of Orleans.

1587 Sir Frances Drake sails into Cadiz Spain & sinks Spanish fleet ("singeing the King of Spain's beard").

1916 Irish republicans abandon the post office in Dublin and surrender unconditionally, marking the end of the Easter Rising.

1945 US Army liberates 31,601 in Nazi concentration camp in Dachau, Germany.

1946 28 former Japanese leaders indicted in Tokyo as war criminals.

1975 Vietnam War: US begins to evacuate it's citizens from Saigon in Operation Frequent Wind in response to advancing North Vietnamese forces, bringing an end to US involvement in the war.

1981 Peter Sutcliffe admits he is the Yorkshire Ripper (murdered 13 women).

1990 Wrecking cranes began tearing down the Berlin Wall at the Brandenburg Gate.

[Jimbuna]

1789 George Washington is inaugurated as the first President of the United States of America.

1798 US Department of the Navy forms.

1900 Casey Jones dies heroically in a train wreck at Vaughn, Mississippi, while driving Cannonball Express (immortalized in"Ballad of Casey Jones").

1942 First submarine built on Great Lakes launched, (Peto), Manitowoc, Wi.

1943 Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp for Jews forms.

1945 Concentration camp Munchen-Allag freed.

1945 Lord Haw-Haw (William Joyce) calls for crusade against the Bolsheviks.

1945 Red Army opens attack on German Reichstag building in Berlin.

1945 Soviet Army frees Ravensbruck concentration camp.

1945 Record 48 U-boats sunk by the Allies this month.

1975 Last US helicopter leaves US embassy grounds, Saigon surrenders.

[Aktungbby]

1945: AS SOVIET TROOPS APPROACH ADOLF HITLER COMMITS SUICIDE (after practicing it on his faithful hound: Blondie:timeout:http://ww2db.com/images/person_hitler82.jpg (http://ww2db.com/images/person_hitler82.jpg)) IN HIS BUNKER ALONGSIDE HIS WIFE OF ONE DAY, EVA BRAUN. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-rziE39JWfs (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-rziE39JWfs) :O:

[Kaye T. Bai]

1803 - The U.S. purchases France's claim to the Louisiana territory.
1863 - French and Mexican soldiers battle each other at Hacienda Camarón, Mexico.
1900 - Hawaii becomes a U.S. territory.
1945 - Soviet soldiers capture the Reichstag building in Germany.
1947 - Boulder Dam is renamed Hoover Dam.
1948 - The Organization of American States is established.
1961 - The first Soviet SSBN submarine is commissioned.
1975 - The North Vietnamese army captures the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon; South Vietnam surrenders and the Vietnam War ends.
2009 - Chrysler files for bankruptcy and seven civilians are killed after a botched assassination attempt against the Dutch queen. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_attack_on_the_Dutch_royal_family)

[Aktungbby]

1517: Evil May Day a riot (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riot) which took place in 1517 as a protest against foreigners living in London (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London) with more killing planned for May 1. http://spartacus-educational.com/00examTU17a.jpg A broker, John Beal, called on all "Englishmen to cherish and defend themselves, and to hurt and grieve aliens for the common weal".... Apprentices attacked foreign residents notably Flemish bankers and Frenchmen generally. Although King Henry (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII) VIII granted a pardon for the remainder following public pleadings from his wife, good Queen Catherine of Aragon, in London, 14 people were hung, drawn and quartered after May Day. Another 400 were spared when Henry VIII took pity on them. They already had the nooses round their necks. The mob freed several prisoners who were locked up for attacking foreigners and proceeded to St Martin le Grand (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Le_Grand), a privileged liberty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_(division)) north of St Paul's Cathedral (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral) where numerous foreigners lived. Here they were met by the under-sheriff of London, Thomas More (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More), who attempted in vain to persuade them to return to their homes. As soon as More had calmed them, however, the inhabitants of St Martin started to throw stones, bricks, bats and boiling water from their windows, some of which fell on an official who screamed: "Down with them!" This sparked panic in the mob and they looted foreigners' houses there and elsewhere in the city, although no one was killed. The Duke of Norfolk (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_2nd_Duke_of_Norfolk) entered the city with his private army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_army) of 1300 retainers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retainer_(medieval)) to suppress the riots. By 3 am the riot had died down, and 400 hundred people arrested were pardoned. However thirteen of the rioters were convicted of treason (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treason) and executed on 4 May. While the mob were on the rampage, Sir Richard Cholmeley (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Cholmondeley), the Lieutenant of the Tower of London (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_London) furiously ordered the firing of some of the Tower's artillery at the city, drawing the ire of the city elders.In other versions the rioters closed the city gates to prevent the King's guard from being reinforced and then temporarily took control over the city. King Henry was awakened in the middle of the night at his residence in Richmond (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_London) and was told of the mayhem ensuing in the capital. Then forces under the command of the Duke of Norfolk (or the Earl of Shrewsbury (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Talbot,_4th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury) and Duke of Suffolk (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Brandon,_1st_Duke_of_Suffolk)) and his son the Earl of Surrey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_3rd_Duke_of_Norfolk) finally arrived in the city and seized prisoners. The public was shocked by the wayHenry VIII (http://spartacus-educational.com/TUDhenry8.htm) had dealt with the rioters. "For the first time since he became King, Henry risked his popularity with the people by his severe repression of the anti-foreign rioters of Evil May Day. The resentment felt against the foreigners; the sympathy for the young apprentices; the grief of the parents when their boys of thirteen were executed....
By 5 May there were over five thousand troops in London. Well, when your own wife is Spanish 'ya gotta do what ya gotta do'!:shucks:
wiki http://spartacus-educational.com/Evil_May_Day_Riots.htm (http://spartacus-educational.com/Evil_May_Day_Riots.htm)

[Kaye T. Bai]

1707 - England and Scotland join to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which would ultimately become the UK.
1778 - U.S. and British forces fight each other at the Battle of Crooked Billet in Pennsylvania.
1862 - The U.S. Army captures New Orleans, Louisiana during the country's civil war.
1884 - Moses Fleetwood Walker becomes the first black baseball player in the U.S.
1898 - The U.S. Navy defeats a Spanish fleet in the Battle of Manila Bay.
1930 - The planet of Pluto is named.
1948 - The country of North Korea is established.
1956 - A polio vaccine becomes available to the public.
1960 - A U-2 spy plane is shot down over the Soviet Union.
1961 - Cuba becomes a socialist state.
1965 - Chinese and Taiwanese warships battle each other in the Taiwan strait.
1999 - Spongebob Squarepants premieres on the Nickelodeon network.
2003 - The U.S. invasion of Iraq concludes, with the country's Ba'athist regime deposed.
2004 - Several new countries join the European Union.
2010 - A car bomb is discovered in New York City's Time Square and is defused.
2016 - A wildfire starts in Fort McMurray, Canada; it is still burning a year later.

[Jimbuna]

1328 Wars of Scottish Independence end: Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - the Kingdom of England recognises the Kingdom of Scotland as an independent state.

1707 Acts of Union comes into force, uniting England and Scotland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

1898 US Admiral George Dewey commands "You may fire when you are ready, Gridley" as US route Spanish fleet at Manila.

1915 British liner Lusitania leaves NY for Liverpool.

1915 German submarine torpedoes US tanker Gulflight.

1944 Messerschmitt Me 262 Sturmvogel, first jet bomber, makes first flight.

1945 About 1,000 citizens of Demmin in Germany, commit suicide provoked by occupation by Soviet Red Army.

1945 Admiral Karl Doenitz forms German government.

1948 North Korea proclaims itself Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

1960 Russia shoots down Francis Gary Powers' U-2 spy plane over Sverdlovsk.

[Jimbuna]

1945 World War II: Battle of Berlin ends as Soviet army takes Berlin and General Weidling surrenders.

1982 Falklands War: Argentine cruiser General Belgrano sunk by British submarine Conqueror, killing more than 350 men.

2011 Osama bin Laden, the suspected mastermind behind the September 11 attacks and the FBI's most wanted man is killed by US special forces in Abbottabad, Pakistan.

[Jimbuna]

1945 World War II: German ship "Cap Arcona" laden with prisoners sunk by Royal Air Force in East Sea, 5,800 killed - one of largest maritime losses of life.

1946 International military tribunal in Tokyo begins.

1947 Japan's post-war constitution goes into effect, granting universal suffrage, stripping Emperor Hirohito of all but symbolic power and outlawing Japan's right to make war.

[Nippelspanner]

1707 - England and Scotland join to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which would ultimately become the UK.
1778 - U.S. and British forces fight each other at the Battle of Crooked Billet in Pennsylvania.
1862 - The U.S. Army captures New Orleans, Louisiana during the country's civil war.
1884 - Moses Fleetwood Walker becomes the first black baseball player in the U.S.
1898 - The U.S. Navy defeats a Spanish fleet in the Battle of Manila Bay.
1930 - The planet of Pluto is named.
1948 - The country of North Korea is established.
1956 - A polio vaccine becomes available to the public.
1960 - A U-2 spy plane is shot down over the Soviet Union.
1961 - Cuba becomes a socialist state.
1965 - Chinese and Taiwanese warships battle each other in the Taiwan strait.
1999 - Spongebob Squarepants premieres on the Nickelodeon network.
2003 - The U.S. invasion of Iraq concludes, with the country's Ba'athist regime deposed.
2004 - Several new countries join the European Union.
2010 - A car bomb is discovered in New York City's Time Square and is defused.
2016 - A wildfire starts in Fort McMurray, Canada; it is still burning a year later.


1328 Wars of Scottish Independence end: Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - the Kingdom of England recognises the Kingdom of Scotland as an independent state.

1707 Acts of Union comes into force, uniting England and Scotland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

1898 US Admiral George Dewey commands "You may fire when you are ready, Gridley" as US route Spanish fleet at Manila.

1915 British liner Lusitania leaves NY for Liverpool.

1915 German submarine torpedoes US tanker Gulflight.

1944 Messerschmitt Me 262 Sturmvogel, first jet bomber, makes first flight.

1945 About 1,000 citizens of Demmin in Germany, commit suicide provoked by occupation by Soviet Red Army.

1945 Admiral Karl Doenitz forms German government.

1948 North Korea proclaims itself Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

1960 Russia shoots down Francis Gary Powers' U-2 spy plane over Sverdlovsk.

Really? :hmmm:

[Jimbuna]

Really? :hmmm:

Your point? :06:

If it refers to duplication then my response is......been on this thread a looong time and don't see the need to change a daily habit because someone decides to post on an occasional (1014-15) basis (nothing wrong with that though).

[Aktungbby]

1898 US Admiral George Dewey commands "You may fire when you are ready, Gridley" as US route Spanish fleet at Manila.

That's 'rout' not 'route' BBY:O: unless 'purple prose' is 'poetic license'...of course Dewey spoke that (at 05:41 AM!!) that enroute to Manila. He couldn't say "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead" as with Farragut at Mobile Bay...as he had carefully chosen the unmined south channel route into Manila Bay...uprooting the Spanish dominion of the Philippines- one of history's most decisive naval battles. https://sfdrew.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/unionsquare1.jpg < Dewey's monument at Union Square, San Francisco... where I go to the bank ....every other night!:k_confused:Of course ADM Farragut has an album (and a tribute band) named after him; and so lingers longer in the public consiousness: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/05/TomPetty%26theHeartbreakersDamntheTorpedoes.jpg<now that's poetic license!:yeah: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TlBTPITo1I

[Kaye T. Bai]

1865 - The CSA surrenders Alabama, Mississippi and East Louisiana to the United States.
1871 - The first professional baseball league begins its first season in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
1910 - The Canadian navy is founded.
1945 - British soldiers liberate a Nazi concentration camp near Hamburg, Germany.
1946 - U.S. Marines quell a prison riot at Alcatraz, California.
1970 - The Army National Guard kills four people at a university in Kent, Ohio.
1979 - Margaret Thatcher becomes the prime minister of the United Kingdom.
1982 - A British warship is hit by an Argentine missile during the Falklands War.
1990 - Latvia declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
1998 - The Unabomber is sentenced to life in prison.
2003 - A tornado hits the U.S. state of Kansas.
2013 - Several NATO soldiers are killed in the War in Afghanistan.

[Jimbuna]

1904 Construction begins by the United States on the Panama Canal.

1916 At request of US, Germany curtails its submarine warfare.

1917 A flotilla of US destroyer ships arrive in Queenstown, Ireland, to aid in convoying ships to England.

1932 Al Capone enters Atlanta Penitentiary convicted of income tax evasion.

1942 Battle of Coral Sea begins (1st naval battle fought solely in air) between Japanese, US and Australian navies and air forces.

1942 Food 1st rationed in US.

1972 Vietcong forms revolutionary government in Quang Tri, South Vietnam.


1979 Margaret Thatcher becomes the first woman to be elected Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

1982 British destroyer HMS Sheffield hit by Exocet rocket off Falkland Islands: 20 of her crew died.

[Nippelspanner]

Your point? :06:

If it refers to duplication then my response is......been on this thread a looong time and don't see the need to change a daily habit because someone decides to post on an occasional (1014-15) basis (nothing wrong with that though).
My point was reading what people posted right before you?
It's this date in history, so you only need to check if someone already posted or not.
It just seems like cheap copy/paste spam, without even checking the thread.

That's 'rout' not 'route' BBY:O:
Tell that to the guy who wrote it, I just quoted him...

[Jimbuna]

1915 German U-20 captures and sinks Britsih schooner Earl of Lathom.

1945 Mauthausen Concentration camp in Austria liberated by US forces from 41st Reconnaissance Squadron.

1945 World War II: Admiral Karl Dönitz, leader of Germany after Hitler's death, orders all U-boats to cease offensive operations and return to their bases.

1948 First squadron of jet aircraft aboard a carrier (VF-17A with FH-1 Phantoms) on board the light carrier Saipan (CVL 48).

1955 West Germany is granted full sovereignty by its three occupying powers.

1980 Siege at Iranian Embassy in London ends as the SAS and police storm the building.

[Jimbuna]

1840 World's first postage stamp, the Penny Black, is issued in Great Britain.

1915 German U-20 sinks Centurion SE of Ireland.

1937 German airship Hindenburg explodes in flames at Lakehurst, NJ (36 die).

1942 Corregidor & Philippines surrender to Japanese Armies.

1945 General Johannes Blaskowitz surrenders German troops in Netherlands.

1945 World War II: Axis Sally delivers her last propaganda broadcast to Allied troops (first was on December 11, 1941).

1954 Roger Bannister of the UK becomes the 1st person to run a 4 minute mile, recording 3:59:4 at Iffley Road, Oxford.

[Aktungbby]

1937: German airship Hindenburg explodes in flames at Lakehurst, NJ (36 die).
[/QUOTE=Werner Doehner] The last survivor's account: [QUOTE] Though it will be 80 years Saturday since the crash that took the lives of his father and sister, the memories of that day have not faded for Werner Doehner.
Doehner, now 88, was just eight years old when he and his parents, brother and sister (http://facesofthehindenburg.blogspot.com/2009/02/doehner-family.html) boarded the ill-fated Hindenburg on their way home from a vacation in Germany, he told the Associated Press (http://bigstory.ap.org/429ce100ace2481c894f41d9d7ea1e78) in a rare telephone interview from this home in Parachute, Colorado this week.
But, as the Hindenburg approached the Lakehurst Naval Air Station on May 6, 1937, flames began to flicker on top of the ship, quickly fueled into an inferno by the hydrogen that kept the 804-foot-long German passenger airship aloft. The front of the vessel pitched up and the back section pitched down.
“Suddenly the air was on fire,” Doehner told the AP.
The Doehners had gathered with other passengers in the portside dining room to watch the landing maneuver through the big observation windows; As the ship approached the mooring mast and dropped its landing ropes, Werner’s father went downstairs to their cabin on B-deck to get another roll of film for his movie camera. They never saw him again. Werner, his mother and his brother and sister were sitting at a table near a window.
“My mother took my brother and threw him out,” Doehner, the only person left of the 62 passengers and crew who survived the fire that killed his father, sister and 34 others 80 years ago Saturday, told the AP. “She grabbed me and fell back and then threw me out. She tried to get my sister, but she was too heavy, and my mother decided to get out by the time the zeppelin was nearly on the ground.
His mother had broken her hip.
“I remember lying on the ground, and my brother told me to get up and to get out of there,” he said.
Their mother joined them and asked a steward to get her daughter, whom he carried out of the burning wreckage.
A bus took the survivors to an infirmary, where, Doehner said, a nurse gave him a needle to burst his blisters.
From there, the family was taken to Point Pleasant Hospital. Doehner had burns to his face, both hands and down his right leg from the knee, according to the AP.. His mother had burns to her face, both legs and both hands. His brother had several burns on his face and right hand. His sister died early in the morning.
Werner stayed in the hospital for three months before going to a hospital in New York City in August for skin grafts and was discharged in January. Doehner’s family had planned to travel on the airship to Lakehurst, New Jersey then fly to Newark and board a train in nearby New York City to take them home to Mexico City, where Doehner’s father was a pharmaceutical representative. Instead, when what was left of the family returned to Mexico City, they held funerals for Doehner’s father and sister.
Interest in the disaster is as strong as ever. A ceremony commemorating the disaster will take place at the crash site Saturday night, Carl Jablonski, president of the Navy Lakehurst Historical Society, told the AP.
“The internet and social media has exposed and attracted the interest of a younger generation,” he said. Doehner understands why.
The Hindenburg, Doehner said, is “something you don’t forget.”” The last surviving crewman, Werner Franz, a 14 year old cabin boy, died in 2014 age 92; Werner was most fortunate because he was in the officers' mess cleaning up. Above him was a large tank of water that burst open and drenched him, which protected him a bit from the flames and the heat." Franz kicked the hatch open and watched the ground approach as the airship sank toward the field, and dropped to the ground when it seemed close enough. Hindenburg’s bow rose up momentarily, as seen in films of the crash, allowing Franz to run from the flaming wreckage before it settled to the ground. He emerged from the crash almost completely unharmed. The next day Franz went to the wreck site with a U.S. Navy airship officer, Lieutenant George F. Watson, to search for his pocket watch, a gift from his grandfather. He knew exactly where to look and found the watch.:Kaleun_Salute:

[Jimbuna]

1915 The German submarine U-20 torpedoes the passenger ship Lusitiania, sinking her in 21 minutes with 1,978 people on board.

1937 The German Condor Legion arrives in Spain to assist Fransico Franco's forces.

1942 In the Battle of the Coral Sea, Japanese and American navies attack each other with carrier-launched warplanes. It is the first time in the history of naval warfare where two fleets fought without seeing each other.Two crucial battles in 1942 marked the turning point of the war in the Pacific.

1952 In Korea, Communist POWs at Koje-do riot against their American captors.

2000 Vladimir Putin was inaugurated as Russia’s president.

[Jimbuna]

1941 German Q-ship Pinguin sinks in Indian Ocean.

1942 Aircraft carrier USS Lexington sunk by Japanese air attack in Coral Sea.

1943 Admiral Cunningham of British fleet: "Sink, burn & destroy; let nothing pass"

1945 V-E Day; WWII ends in Europe after Germany signs an unconditional surrender. 1945 German General Von Keitel formally surrenders to Marshal Georgy Zhukov and the Soviets in Berlin.

[Jimbuna]

1386 Treaty of Windsor between Portugal and England (the oldest diplomatic alliance in the world which is still in force).

1926 1st flight over the North Pole claimed by Richard E. Byrd and co-pilot Floyd Bennett. Later discovery of Byrd's diary suggests they may have turned back 150 miles short of the pole due to an oil leak.

1941 British intelligence at Bletchley Park breaks German spy codes after capturing Enigma machines aboard the weather ship Muenchen.

1945 Norwegian nazi collaborator Vidkun Quisling arrested.

1945 World War II: Hermann Goering is captured by the United States Army.

[Aktungbby]

1941 British intelligence at Bletchley Park breaks German spy codes after capturing Enigma machines aboard the weather ship Müenchen. Indeed the capture was two days prior to the code capture of U-110; which often gets all of the credit in movies and TV... after all, weatherships and trawlers are mundane!:O: A useful but short lived victory; Moreover Operation Claymore in Norwegian waters on March 4 1941 had resulted in the capture of the German armed- trawler Krebs recovering its Enigma equipment and codes...the most significant outcome of the raid. The Brits severely damaged the trawler, and killed 14 German sailors, took another 25 prisoner, While the attack boosted British public morale temporarily, the Enigma machine still eluded the British military. The commander of the Krebs, Lieutenant Hans Kupfinger, threw it overboard before he was killed in the raid, but the Brits were able to recover documents that gave clues to the Enigma’s workings. The capture of a set of rotor wheels for an Enigma cypher machine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_machine) and its code books enabled British intelligence to piece together enough of the German coding system to track German naval activity for about five weeks. German naval codes now read at Bletchley Park (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bletchley_Park), provided the intelligence needed to allow Allied convoys to avoid U-boat (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-boat) concentrations. The British (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom)cryptologist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptologist)Harry Hinsley (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Hinsley), then working at Bletchley Park (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bletchley_Park) realised at the end of April 1941 that the German weather ships, usually isolated and unprotected trawlers, were using the same Enigma (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_machine) code books as were being used on the heavily armed U Boats. The trawlers, which were transmitting weather reports to the Germans, were in turn being sent naval Enigma messages.Although the weather ships did not transmit enciphered weather reports on Enigma machines, they still needed to have one of the machines on board if they were to decode the Enigma signals transmitted to them. Hinsley realised that if the code books could be captured from one of these vulnerable trawlers, the naval Enigma system could be broken, with British intelligence able to decipher messages to U-boats and discover their locations. The problem remained that if the navy were to attempt to capture one of the weatherships, the German crew would have time to throw their current Enigma settings into the sea before they were boarded. Hinsley instead reasoned that the following month's Enigma settings would be locked in a safe aboard the ship, and could be overlooked if the Germans were forced to hastily abandon ship. On being informed, the Admiralty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty) despatched seven destroyers and cruisers to the northeast of Iceland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland) at the beginning of May 1941. The target was München, one of the weather ships operating in the area. In the course of the raid, the weather ship, and the Enigma settings for June 1941 were captured. As with Krebs, the Müenchen's captain had thrown the Enigma coding machine over the side as HMS Somali approached. ( One may properly conclude that trawler captains were more Enigma security minded than U-boat Kaleuns??!!:hmmm:) ... but he too had left the coding tables for the months of May and June on his desk. These were duly collected by Captain Haines. Some of Muenchen's crew were taken on board Somali, but most were accommodated in Edinburgh. Somali escorted the captured vessel to Scapa. Nestor took Captain Haines back to Scapa at speed and he was immediately flown to London with the vital documents. As a result, naval Enigma messages transmitted during June 1941 could be quickly deciphered. However: Halfway through June 1941 the Germans replaced the bigram (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigram) tables used in Enigma. This would have resulted in a codebreaking blackout unless further settings could be captured. Hinsley and the Admiralty were concerned that capturing another weather ship might alert the Germans to their vulnerability and cause them to immediately alter them again. It was eventually decided to take the risk and on 25 June 1941 four warships, the light cruiser (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_cruiser) HMS Nigeria (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Nigeria_(60)) and the destroyers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destroyers)HMS Tartar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Tartar_(F43)), HMS Jupiter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Jupiter_(F85)) and HMS Bedouin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Bedouin_(F67)), were despatched from Scapa Flow (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapa_Flow) to capture the codebooks from Lauenburg, another weather ship operating north of Iceland, which Hinsley had selected...on June 28 the converted trawler Lauenburg was captured in similar fashion-the recovered Enigma material allowed further understanding of the Enigma codes and resulted in faster decoding of encrypted messages, as well as providing an up-to-date set of codes. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Lauenburg_torpedoed.JPG/300px-Lauenburg_torpedoed.JPG (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lauenburg_torpedoed.JPG) Lauenburg sunk by British taskforce. wiki et al http://www.iankitching.me.uk/family/colin/ww2/operation-eb.htm (http://www.iankitching.me.uk/family/colin/ww2/operation-eb.htm) It's amazing to me that: 'twixt the Krebs, U110, Müenchen and the Lauenburg, all taken in a four-month period, German thought did not turn to a complete alteration of their severely compromised code system??!! The more so, as Müenchen had radioed an "enemy in sight" report that enabled yet another targeted weathership to escape: it is likely that the other ship had hastened eastwards on picking up the message.

[Jimbuna]

1801 First Barbary War: The Barbary pirates of Tripoli declare war on the United States of America (1st US foreign war).

1917 Atlantic ships get destroyer escorts to stop German attacks.

1918 HMS Vindictive sunk to block entrance of Ostend Harbor.

1940 Winston Churchill succeeds Neville Chamberlain as British Prime Minister.

1940 British Local Defence Volunteers forms (later renamed the Home Guard).

1940 World War II: The first German bombs of the war fall on England at Chilham and Petham, in Kent.

1941 Adolf Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess parachutes into Scotland.

1960 US atomic sub USS Triton completes 1st submerged circumnavigation of the globe.

1968 Vietnam peace talks began in Paris between the US & North Vietnam.

1969 US troops begin attack on Hill 937 ("Hamburger Hill"), Vietnam.

[Jimbuna]

1862 Confederates scuttle CSS Virginia off Norfolk, VA.

1924 Mercedes-Benz is formed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz, merging the two companies.

1941 1st Messerschmidt 109F shot down above England.

1943 Hermann Goering division in Tunisia surrenders.

1943 US 7th div lands on Attu, Aleutian, (first US territory recaptured).

1960 Israeli soldiers capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires.

[Aktungbby]

1937: SPAM® processed in Austin, MN, (Spam Town USA):yeah: is officially registered as a trademark! Ken Daigneau, brother of a company executive, won a $100 prize that year in a competition to name the new item. Hormel claims that the meaning of the name "is known by only a small circle of former Hormel Foods executives", but popular beliefs are that the name is an abbreviation of "spiced ham", "spare meat", or "shoulders of pork and ham. Another popular explanation is that Spam is an acronym standing for "Specially Processed American Meat" or "Specially Processed Army Meat"! Culturally it is utterly ICONIC... from the Muppet Show: sued by Hormel for trademark infringement..
https://vignette4.wikia.nocookie.net/muppet/images/5/5e/Spaam.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/280?cb=20150812232848 (https://vignette4.wikia.nocookie.net/muppet/images/5/5e/Spaam.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20150812232848)Chief Spa'am To the iconic :subsim:'s
http://www.subsim.com/radioroom/picture.php?albumid=165&pictureid=4424 to Monty Pythons mockery of 'a wartime delicacy' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spam_(Monty_Python (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spam_(Monty_Python)) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/MontySpam.jpg/350px-MontySpam.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MontySpam.jpg) https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/aa/ec/d5/aaecd55651c99c246c9f471d874a4ab3.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1940 German blitzkrieg conquest of France began by crossing Muese River.

1942 U-507 sank the 10,000 ton SS Virginia in the mouth of the Mississippi River.

1951 1st H Bomb test, on Enewetak Atoll.

[Jimbuna]

1912 Royal Flying Corps forms in Great Britain.

1913 First four-engined aircraft built and flown (Igor Sikorsky, Russia)

1940 Winston Churchill says I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears & sweat.

[Jimbuna]

1747 A British fleet under Admiral George Anson defeats the French at first battle of Cape Finisterre.

1927 Cap Arcona is launched at the Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg.

1943 Sinking of the Australian Hospital Ship Centaur off the coast of Queensland, by a Japanese submarine.

1944 Gen Rommel, Speidel & von Stulpnagel attempt to assassinate Hitler.

1945 Kamikaze Zero strikes US aircraft carrier Enterprise.

[Aktungbby]

1804: The Corps of Discovery departs from Camp Dubois (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Dubois) near present-day Wood River, Illinois at 4 p.m., marking the beginning of the voyage to the Pacific coast (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean).

The Lewis and Clark Expedition from May 1804 to September 1806, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the first American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States). It began near St. Louis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis), made its way westward, and passed through the continental divide (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Divide_of_the_Americas) to reach the Pacific coast. The Corps of Discovery (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corps_of_Discovery) comprised a selected group of U.S. Army volunteers under the command of Captain Meriwether Lewis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis) and his close friend, Second Lieutenant William Clark (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clark).
President Thomas Jefferson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson) commissioned the expedition shortly after the Louisiana Purchase (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase) in 1803 to explore and to map the newly acquired territory, to find a practical route across the western half of the continent, and to establish an American presence in this territory before Britain and other European powers tried to claim it.
The campaign's secondary objectives were scientific and economic: to study the area's plants, animal life, and geography, and to establish trade with local Native American (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) tribes. With maps, sketches, and journals in hand, the expedition returned to St. Louis to report its findings to Jefferson
Real-estate Rule #1: when u got a hell of a land grab git from a failed slave uprising in Haiti( causing Napoleon's 'fire sale' of all of French claims to middle-America) best to find out what a hell of a git u got! The more so as the Spanish having an equal claim sent dragoons to the hunt the Corps of Discovery and exterminate it...history records: no encounter took place. interestingly: "... the expedition and its importance disappeared from history till the twentieth century references to Lewis and Clark "scarcely appeared" in history books even during the United States Centennial (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Centennial) in 1876 and the expedition was largely forgotten. Lewis and Clark began to gain new attention around the start of the 20th century. Both the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_Exposition), in St. Louis, and the 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Centennial_Exposition), in Portland, Oregon, showcased Lewis and Clark as American pioneers. However, the story remained relatively shallow, a celebration of U.S. conquest and personal adventures, until the mid-century, since which time it has been more thoroughly researched and retold in many forms to a growing audience. In 2004, a complete and reliable set of the expedition's journals was compiled by Gary E. Moulton. In the 2000s, the bicentennial of the expedition further elevated popular interest in Lewis and Clark. As of 1984, no U.S. exploration party was more famous, and no American expedition leaders are more instantly recognizable by name." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition)
And just for Jeff Groves-Air rifle maestro:03:; the single gun that literally won the west without killing anyone: the Girandoni was known in Austria as a windbusche, or “wind rifle.” Typical US policy 'shock and awe' technology to dazzle little brown people:timeout:> http://www.beemans.net/images/Beeman%20850k%20-Girandoni-Military.jpg Whatever its provenance, historians have determined that it was most likely purchased by Captain Meriwether Lewis between May 9 and June 9, 1803, at Isaiah Lukens’ instrument shop just outside Philadelphia. Lewis was en route to Pittsburgh at the time for the final construction and fitting out of the Corps of Discovery’s keelboat. On the very first page of Lewis’ personal journal kept on the trip, he recounts how he demonstrated the weapon’s capabilities to the wonderment of the crowd. The Indians, he said, considered the rifle “something from the gods.” He shewed us his air gun which fired 22 times at one charge. He shewed us the mode of charging her and then loaded with 12 balls which he intended to fire one at a time; but she by some means lost the whole charge of air at the first fire. He charged her again and then she fired twice. He then found the cause and in some measure prevented the airs escaping, and then she fired seven times; but when in perfect order she fires 22 times in a minute. All the balls are put at once into a short side barrel and are then droped into the chamber of the gun one at a time by moving a spring; and when the triger is pulled just so much air escapes out of the air bag which forms the britch of the gun as serves for one ball. It is a curious peice of workmanship not easily discribed and therefore I omit attempting it.”
It was during its service with the Corps of Discovery that the Girandoni came into its own. Whenever a new tribe was encountered by the expedition, Lewis and Clark staged a grand entrance calculated to impress (or intimidate) the natives. Such pomp and ceremony, they believed, would dissuade potentially hostile actions by the Native Americans while they tried to understand who or what they were confronting. Lewis and Clark did their utmost to impress the tribesmen. The explorers donned their most colorful military uniforms—frock coats, sparkling swords, formal headgear, polished muskets and bayonets—and with flags flying and fifes whistling, they marched boldly into each meeting. The explorers greeted the assembled tribesmen with formal gravity and then proceeded to hand out gifts such as bolts of colored cloth, beads, and commemorative medallions.
At some point in the proceedings, Lewis would confidently display his Girandoni and demonstrate its remarkable power. In his journal, Private Joseph Whitehouse described one such event on August 30, 1803, at a Yankton Sioux village located along the Calumet Bluffs of the Missouri River: “Captain Lewis took his Air Gun and shot her off, and by the Interpreter, told them that there was medicine in her, and that she could do very great execution,” wrote Whitehouse. “They all stood amazed at this curiosity; Captain Lewis discharged was done the Air Gun several times, and the Indians ran hastily to see the holes that the Balls had made which was discharged from it. At finding the Balls had entered the Tree, they shouted a loud at the sight and the Execution that suprized [sic] them exceedingly.”
Lewis would repeat this demonstration for every tribe encountered (there are no fewer than 39 separate entries in the expedition’s journals mentioning the Girandoni), leaving all onlookers in doubt as to how many of these weapons the expedition carried. As much as the Indians coveted the guns and goods which the Corps of Discovery carried, none was bold enough to make an outright grab for the goods. If each of the explorers had a Girandoni, with the capability of firing two dozen shots in seconds with deadly accuracy, any hostile acts could be handled easily by the small band. http://warfarehistorynetwork.com/daily/military-history/lewis-and-clarks-girandoni-air-rifle/ (http://warfarehistorynetwork.com/daily/military-history/lewis-and-clarks-girandoni-air-rifle/) http://www.beemans.net/lewis-assault-rifle.htm (http://www.beemans.net/lewis-assault-rifle.htm)

[Jimbuna]

1914 US Colonel Edward House sails for Europe to persuade major powers to reduce armies and navies; from Germany, House reports: 'Everybody's nerves are tense; it only needs a spark to set the whole thing off'

1940 USS Sailfish (SS-192) recomisioned, origionaly the Squalus.

1943 Halifax bomber sinks U-463.

1943 Warsaw ghetto uprising ends in its destruction.

1944 14,000 Jews of Munkacs, Hungary, deported to Auschwitz.

1944 Eisenhower, Montgomery, Churchill & George VI discuss D-Day plan.

1945 World War II: The final skirmish in Europe is fought near Prevalje, Slovenia.

1957 1st British H-bomb explosion (over Christmas Island).

1967 Paul McCartney meets his future wife Linda Eastman.

1972 The island of Okinawa, under U.S. military governance since its conquest in 1945, reverts to Japanese control.

[Jimbuna]

1943 Operation Chastise: No. 617 Squadron RAF begins the famous Dambusters Raid, bombing the Möhne and Eder dams in the Ruhr valley with bouncing bombs.

[Jimbuna]

1897 The first successful submarine that can run submerged for any considerable distance and combines electric and gasoline engines is launched in the USA by its designer John Philip Holland.

1944 General Eisenhower sets D-Day for June 5th.

1961 Castro offers to exchange Bay of Pigs prisoners for 500 bulldozers.

1975 Mick Jagger punches a restaurant window, gets 20 stitches.

1987 USS Stark hit by Iraqi missiles, 37 sailors die.

[Jimbuna]

1917 First units of the American Expeditionary Force, commanded by General John J. Pershing, is ordered to France.

1965 Gene Roddenberry suggests 16 names for Star Trek Captain; they include Kirk.

1974 India becomes the sixth nation to explode an atomic bomb.

[Jimbuna]

1916 Escadrille Américaine (Lafayette) transfered to Verdun.

1931 Cruiser Deutschland launched in Kiel.

1941 German battleship Bismarck leaves Gdynia, Poland.

1943 Berlin is declared "Judenrien" (free of Jews).

1943 Churchill pledges Britain's full support to US against Japan.

1959 The USS Triton, the first submarine with two nuclear reactors, is completed.

[Aktungbby]

1927: movie Wings is released, premiering in San Antonio TX!! Starring Clara Bow and "Buddy' Rogers it wins first Oscar for best picture! The photography and (dangerous0 stunts are superb even by today's standaeds, Required viewing! https://vimeo.com/81593297 (https://vimeo.com/81593297) (popcorn required):D

[Aktungbby]

1780: an unusual darkening of the day sky was observed over the New England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England) states and parts of Canada. The primary cause of the event is believed to have been a combination of smoke from forest fires,. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England%27s_Dark_Day#cite_note-Ross-2) a thick fog, and cloud cover. The darkness was so complete that candles were required from noon on. The moon was seen as blood red! It did not disperse until the middle of the next night. The darkness was seen at least as far north as Portland, Maine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Maine), and extended southwards to New Jersey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey). Many thought it was 'the day of Judgement' as per Revelation 6:12-13! The Sun became black as sackcloth made of hair, and the whole Moon became as blood.:k_confused: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Canada_Ontario_location_map_2.svg/800px-Canada_Ontario_location_map_2.svg.png The likely cause of the Dark Day was smoke from extensive forest fires. When a fire does not kill a tree and the tree later grows, scar marks are left in the growth rings (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrochronology#Growth_rings). This makes it possible to approximate the date of a past fire. Researchers examining the scar damage in Ontario (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario), Canada, attribute the Dark Day to a large fire in the area that is today occupied by Algonquin Provincial Park (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquin_Provincial_Park).

[Jimbuna]

1310 Shoes first made for both right and left feet.

1845 HMS Erebus and HMS Terror with 134 men under John Franklin sail from the River Thames in England, beginning a disastrous expedition to find the Northwest Passage. All hands are lost.

1930 First airplane catapulted from a dirigible, Charles Nicholson, pilot.

1969 US troop capture Hill 937/Hamburger Hill Vietnam.

[Jimbuna]

1904 Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) forms in Paris.

1927 Aviator Charles Lindbergh, in the Spirit of St Louis, lands in Paris after the first solo air crossing of Atlantic.

1932 1st transatlantic solo flight by a woman (Amelia Earhart) lands in Ireland.

1941 SS Robin Moore is first US ship sunk by a U-boat.

1942 Convoy PQ16 departs Great Britain for Russia.

1945 Nazi SS-Reichsfuehrer Heinrich Himmler captured.

1946 Physicist Louis Slotin is exposed to a lethal dose of radiation while preparing a plutonium core experiment at the Los Alamos lab, he dies 9 days later and the accident ends all hands-on nuclear assembly work at Los Alamos.

1982 British troops land on Falkland Islands.

[Jimbuna]

1903 Launch of the White Star Liner SS Ionic.

1906 Wright Brothers patent an aeroplane.

1939 Adolf Hitler & Benito Mussolini sign "Pact of Steel"

1990 Microsoft releases Windows 3.0

[Jimbuna]

1939 Submarine USS Squalus sinks in the Gulf of Maine, drowning 26, 33 remaining crew rescued from a depth of 243 ft (74 m) by divers using newly developed heliox air systems (divers later awarded the Medal of Honor).

1945 British military police arrest Admiral Karl Doenitz.

1945 German island of Helgoland in North Sea surrenders to British.

1945 Heinrich Himmler, German Nazi leader & Gestapo leader, commits suicide in prison at 44.

1945 Lord Haw-Haw (William Joyce) arrested at Danish boundary.

1949 Federal Republic of [West] Germany created out of the American, British and French occupation zones.

1960 Israel announces capture of Nazi Adolf Eichmann in Argentina.

1982 BBC warns Britain will bomb Argentina.

[Jimbuna]

1915 Second Battle of Ypres ends with 105,000 casualties.

[Jimbuna]

1908 At Masjed Soleyman (مسجد سليمان) in southwest Persia, the first major commercial oil strike in the Middle East is made, rights acquired by the United Kingdom.

1941 Aircraft from HMS Ark Royal sights German battleship Bismarck.

1946 Patent filed in US for H-Bomb.

1982 British ship Atlantic Conveyor carrying Chinook helicopters & destroyer HMS Coventry were hit in Falkland war: 39 crew members died.

[Jimbuna]

1940 British and Allied forces begin the evacuation of Dunkirk (Operation Dynamo) during WWII.

1940 World War II: In the Le Paradis massacre, 97 soldiers from a Royal Norfolk Regiment unit are shot after surrendering to German troops.

1941 German battleship Bismarck sunk by British naval force.

1942 Dorie Miller awarded navy cross for deeds at Pearl Harbor.

1942 Reinhard Heydrich, Nazi "Deputy Reich Protector of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia" is shot and mortally wounded in Prague during Operation Anthropoid.

1958 Maiden flight of the F-4 Phantom II.

1986 President Reagan orderes 2 Poseidon-class submarines be dismantled.

[Jimbuna]

1588 Spanish Armada under the Duke of Medina-Sidonia departs Lisbon to invade England.

1936 Alan Turing submits "On Computable Numbers" for publication, in which he set out the theoretical basis for modern computers.

1940 British-French troops capture Narvik, Norway.

1972 White House "plumbers" break into the Democratic National Headquarters at Watergate in Washington D.C.

1987 Monitor, Civil War warship, is discovered by a deep sea robot.

[Jimbuna]

1935 French liner Normandie begins its maiden voyage, arrived in NYC on June 3rd.

[Jimbuna]

1431 Hundred Years' War: 19 year old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English-dominated tribunal in Rouen, France.

1982 Spain becomes 16th member of NATO.

[Jimbuna]

1911 RMS Titanic launched in Belfast.

1916 Battle of Jutland: Largest naval battle of World War I between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet which killed 8,645 in an inconclusive battle but strategic British victory. The German fleet never put to sea again.

1916 Battle of Jutland: British battle cruiser HMS Invincible explodes, killing all but 6.

1940 Major General Bernard Montgomery leaves Dunkirk.

1940 Winston Churchill flies to Paris to meet with French Marshal Philippe Pétain who announces he is willing to make a separate peace with Germany.

1942 U-boats sink and damage 146 allied ships this month (722,666 tons).

1943 42 U-boats sunk by the Allies this month.

1968 Movie star James Stewart retires from the US Air Force after 27 years of service, and is promoted to major general by President Reagan.

[Jimbuna]

1879 Napoleon Eugene, the last dynastic Bonaparte, is killed serving with British forces in the Anglo-Zulu War. He is buried in Farnborough, Hampshire.

1918 Canadian ace Billy Bishop downs 6 aircrafts over a three-day span, including German ace Paul Bilik, reclaiming his top scoring title from James McCudden.

1936 Queen Mary completes its maiden voyage, arriving in NY.

1939 British submarine "Thetis" sinks in Liverpool Bay with all 99 aboard.

1998 European Central Bank is founded in Brussels to define and execute the European Union's monetary policy.

[Jimbuna]

1896 Guglielmo Marconi applies to patent the radio, accepted 2 July 1897.

1917 Canadian ace Billy Bishop undertakes a solo mission behind enemy lines, shooting down three aircraft as they were about to take off and several more on the ground, for which he is awarded the Victoria Cross.

1943 99th Pursuit Squadron flies 1st combat mission (over Italy).

1953 Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in Westminster Abbey.

[Aktungbby]

1917 Canadian ace Billy Bishop undertakes a solo mission behind enemy lines, shooting down three aircraft as they were about to take off and several more on the ground, for which he is awarded the Victoria Cross. A most controversial claim to say the least. He had asked for other squadron mates to fly woth him on the mission and had 'proper' battle damage on return to his Nieuport: he shot at something and something certainly shot back so I give it credence. He later admitted occasionally embellishing accounts but they all did that. There were no gun cameras....:doh: http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo3/no3/doc/55-60-eng.pdf (http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo3/no3/doc/55-60-eng.pdf)

[Catfish]

Both sides needed heroes. The british part of the Entente was reluctant at first in making their aviators public, because a lot of them died. Which would have had a negative impact on the public perception of the war. Considering what especially the british army was ordered to do, they sure did not want to know others about it, class system and military pressure in full swing.

The Bishop flight is regarded as a tale by almost all recent WW1 historians including most participants at the Aerodrome forum. On the other hand stranger real incidents have happened. I'd still say boasting and showing off (used for propaganda), but you never know for sure. Boasting about such excursions was probably looked down upon, the way of commenting on the job was (and is) very different between US and British people.

[Jimbuna]

1940 Last British & French troops evacuated from Dunkirk.

1944 Germans pull out of Rome.

1989 Beginning of the Tiananmen Square Massacre as Chinese troops open fire on pro-democracy supporters in Beijing.

[Bilge_Rat]

75 years ago.

june 4, 1942: Battle of Midway.

[Jimbuna]

1940 Winston Churchill says "We shall fight on the seas & oceans"

1944 First British gliders touch down on French soil for D-Day.

1944 U505 becomes the first German submarine captured & boarded on high seas.

1945 US, Soviet Union, Britain and France agree to divide up occupied Germany.

[STEED]

50th Anniversary of The Six Day War June 5th 1967.

[Bilge_Rat]

50th Anniversary of The Six Day War June 5th 1967.

I actually remember when it happened. :o

getting old.

[Jimbuna]

1917 10 million US men begin registering for draft in WWI.

1944 First B-29 bombing raid; 1 plane lost due to engine failure.

1944 Allies march into Rome.

1944 German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel goes on leave just before WWII D-Day landings by the Allies.

1944 General Eisenhower decides invasion set for June 6.

1964 Davie Jones & King Bees debut "I Can't Help Thinking About Me"; group disbands but Davie Jones goes on to success as David Bowie.

[STEED]

I actually remember when it happened. :o

getting old.

Outside WW2 the battles in the Middle East are interesting.

Good all round documentary..

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxEXGA0RU5c

[Mr Quatro]

How often I have wanted to share my Libronix digital library on this date in history, but of course decided not to. Today is different. Today marks a sad point and a positive point in the history of evangelism vs religion.

I'll let you decide who is wrong and who is right.


The Yellow Enemy
June 6
Central America was conquered by Spain in the 1500s and held in the grip of Catholicism for 300 years. Non-Catholic holdouts were subjected to dripping water torture while bound in straitjackets. Others were hung from rings in the ceilings or roasted alive in huge ovens. When the Spanish Empire broke apart in 1838, several new nations emerged, including Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. The entrance of evangelical missionaries then became possible but hazardous.

The first to come were German Moravians, followed by Presbyterians. Then in the late 1880s C. I. Scofield established the Central American Mission (CAM). One of these early missionaries, Miss Eleanor Blackmore, wrote to her supporters: I’m stoned and cursed and hooted in every street. I don’t know one road in the whole city where I can walk in which there are not houses where they lie in wait to stone me. … We don’t want pity. We count it an honor thus to be trusted to suffer, but we do covet your prayers.

The first CAM missionaries went to Costa Rica, but soon a team of three headed toward El Salvador. They didn’t make it, but it wasn’t sticks and stones that struck them down. Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Dillon and Clarence Wilber were traversing Nicaragua in 1894, headed to El Salvador, when they became ill with fever, chills, and congestion of eyes and mouth. Clarence died vomiting black blood and was buried in a makeshift grave. The Dillons reached ship and started for home, but Mrs. Dillon died en route. Mr. Dillon survived and soon remarried.

He and his new wife, Margaret, returned to Central America where Dillon again contracted yellow fever and soon died. Margaret remained in Honduras, living in a small shack, sleeping on a straw mat, and training Honduran evangelists. Fifteen years passed without a furlough, then she planned a trip home. While packing, she was stricken with yellow fever and was carried 36 miles in a hammock to a missions station, arriving on June 6, 1913. She died two days later.

But these graves were but seed-plots for a harvest of souls that continues to this day.

Morgan, Robert J.: On This Day Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2000, c1997, S. June 6

[Aktungbby]

But these graves were but seed-plots for a harvest of souls that continues to this day.
Including mine if this country does not improve; I'll B on my way to Costa Rica. I speak the lingo and as we're now childless or as I said to my wife "toucan!". Still weighing in on the pros and cons. https://www.ytravelblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/costa-rica-annabel-candy1.jpg (https://www.ytravelblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/costa-rica-annabel-candy1.jpg)

[Jimbuna]

1813 US invasion of Canada halted at Stoney Creek (Ont).

1941 First navy vessel constructed as mine layer USS Terror launched.

1942 Japanese forces retreat, ending Battle of Midway.

1944 Operation Neptune, D-Day: 150,000 strong Allied Expeditionary Force lands in Normandy, France in WWII.

1944 German submarines U-955, U-970, U-629 and U-373 sink in Bay of Biscay.

[Jimbuna]

1940 British/French troops evacuate Narvik.

1942 USS Yorktown sinks near Midway Island.

1944 Claus von Stauffenberg meets Hitler.

[Jimbuna]

793 Vikings in long ships from modern-day Norway plunder St Cuthbert's monastery on Lindisfarne Island, off the northeast coast of England.

1944 1st SS-Panzer Korps counter attacks at Normandy.

1944 General Montgomery lands in Normandy, sets up HQ in Chateau de Creully.

1982 Falklands War: Royal Fleet Auxiliary Sir Gahalad attacked in San Carlos Water ("Bomb Alley") by Argentine aircraft: 48 soldiers and crewman were killed.

[Aktungbby]

793 Vikings in long ships from modern-day Norway plunder St Cuthbert's monastery on Lindisfarne Island, off the northeast coast of England.

Until 1066 (Stanford Bridge), prayer didn't help much! Considering Rabid Woverine just changed his name to Berserker...nuthin' good goes outta style at :subsim:BBY!

:doh: A furore Normannorum libera nos, Domine, "From the fury of the Northmen deliver us, O Lord." "Hey Jimbuna!" "what Aktung?" " I suddenly feel the 'need for mead'!" :()1: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 793 records:"In this year terrible portents appeared over Northumbria and sadly affrightened the inhabitants: there were exceptional flashes of lightning, and firey dragons were seen flying in the air. A great famine followed soon upon these signs, and a little after that in the same year on the ides of June the harrying of the heathen miserably destoyed God's church in Lindisfarne by rapine and slaughter" 6 (http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/vikfury.shtml#06).Being a true son of St. Olaf College....I'm strangely unmoved here!:O:

[Jimbuna]

68 Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide, imploring his secretary Epaphroditos to slit his throat to evade a Senate-imposed death by flogging.

1898 China leases Hong Kong's new territories to the United Kingdom for 99 years.

1910 A passenger on SS Arawatta throws bottle with note overboard (found June 6, 1983 in Queensland).

1942 Nazis kill all inhabitants of Lidice, which had been implicated in the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, Nazi controller of Bohemia and Moravia, to “teach the Czechs a final lesson of subservience and humility”.

1983 Margaret Thatcher's Conservative Party wins British parliamentary election.

1997 British lease on the New Territories in Hong Kong expires.

[Catfish]

68 Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide, imploring his secretary Epaphroditos to slit his throat to evade a Senate-imposed death by flogging. [...]

Yes, interesting story i heard when we were in Rome.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero#The_revolt_of_Vindex_and_Galba_and_the_death_ of_Nero
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/nero

Nero was not in Rome when it was set ablaze, and it most probably was not Nero who ordered it. Instead it was a revolution by Galba and Vindex:

"Nero returned to Rome and spent the evening in the palace. After sleeping, he awoke at about midnight to find the palace guard had left. Dispatching messages to his friends' palace chambers for them to come, he received no answers. Upon going to their chambers personally, he found them all abandoned. When he called for a gladiator or anyone else adept with a sword to kill him, no one appeared. He cried, "Have I neither friend nor foe?" and ran out as if to throw himself into the Tiber.[153]

Returning, Nero sought for some place where he could hide and collect his thoughts. An imperial freedman, Phaon, offered his villa, located 4 miles outside the city. Travelling in disguise, Nero and four loyal freedmen, Epaphroditos, Phaon, Neophytus, and Sporus, reached the villa, where Nero ordered them to dig a grave for him.

At this time, a courier arrived with a report that the Senate had declared Nero a public enemy and that it was their intention to execute him by beating him to death and that armed men had been sent to apprehend him for the act to take place in the Forum. The Senate actually was still reluctant and deliberating on the right course of action as Nero was the last member of the Julio-Claudian Family. Indeed, most of the senators had served the imperial family all their lives and felt a sense of loyalty to the deified bloodline, if not to Nero himself. The men actually had the goal of returning Nero back to the Senate, where the Senate hoped to work out a compromise with the rebelling governors that would preserve Nero's life, so that at least a future heir to the dynasty could be produced.[154]

Nero, however, did not know this, and at the news brought by the courier, he prepared himself for suicide, pacing up and down muttering Qualis artifex pereo ("What an artist dies in me").[155] Losing his nerve, he first begged for one of his companions to set an example by first killing himself. At last, the sound of approaching horsemen drove Nero to face the end. However, he still could not bring himself to take his own life but instead he forced his private secretary, Epaphroditos, to perform the task.[156]

When one of the horsemen entered, upon his seeing Nero all but dead he attempted to stop the bleeding in vain. Nero's final words were "Too late! This is fidelity!" He died on 9 June 68, the anniversary of the death of Octavia, and was buried in the Mausoleum of the Domitii Ahenobarbi, in what is now the Villa Borghese (Pincian Hill) area of Rome.[157]

With his death, the Julio-Claudian dynasty ended. The Senate, when news of his death reached Rome, posthumously declared Nero a public enemy to appease the coming Galba (as the Senate had initially declared Galba as a public enemy) and proclaimed Galba the new emperor. Chaos would ensue in the year of the Four Emperors.[111]"

We had an archeological guided tour through the excavations (financed by EU fundings b.t.w.) of Nero's "Golden House", or Domus Aurea. It was virtually unbelievable to see this and imagine the sheer size.

[Aktungbby]

However, he still could not bring himself to take his own life but instead he forced his private secretary, Epaphroditos, to perform the task ALAS poor Epaphroditos! For this service, however, he had afterwards to pay with his own life, for Domitian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domitian) first banished and afterwards ordered him to be put to death (c. 95 AD....27 years later?), because he had not exerted himself to save the life of Nero. So much for being a good secretary and doing what your boss wants...No statute of limitations??!!:O: Domitian's reign came to an end in 96, also, when he was assassinated by court officials. He was succeeded by Nerva, an advisor...who had also been an advisor to Nero:hmmm: Nerva would die two years later untypically of a stroke in his own bed!:Kaleun_Salute:

[Jimbuna]

1940 German "Dutch" Q-ship Atlantis sinks Norwegian tanker.

1944 Nazi murders in Oradour-sur-Glane, France.

1945 US destroyer William D Porter ("Willie Dee") sunk by kamikaze.

[Jimbuna]

1776 Continental Congress creates committee (Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston) to draft a Declaration of Independence.

1927 Charles Lindbergh is awarded the 1st Distinguished Flying Cross.

1943 Heinrich Himmler orders liquidation of Nazi ghettos in occupied Poland.

1987 Margaret Thatcher is 1st British Prime Minister in 160 years to win a third consecutive term.

[ABBAFAN]

11th June 1847. Death of Sir John Franklin while leading the expedition to navigate the Northwest Passage with Bomb Vessels HMS Erebus and HMS Terror.

[ABBAFAN]

1982 battle for Mount Longdon. British victory over Argentinean forces.

[Aktungbby]

11th June 1847. Death of Sir John Franklin while leading the expedition to navigate the Northwest Passage with Bomb Vessels HMS Erebus and HMS Terror.
Francis Rawdon Moira Crozier (Franklin’s second-in-command) had written a note which was later found by people searching for the missing expedition. Dated April 25, 1848, the note states that both the Erebus and the Terror were abandoned on April 22nd of that year. It also says that surviving crew members were planning to walk to Back’s Fish River.

Franklin, according to Crozier, had died on the 11th of June, 1847. Crozier's note, however, does not discuss Sir John’s cause of death. Historians believe the Expedition’s commander was likely buried in the ice.
https://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/FRANKLIN-EXPEDITION-MUMMIES-Mummies-Bodies-Talk (https://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/FRANKLIN-EXPEDITION-MUMMIES-Mummies-Bodies-Talk) Crozier, with several monuments to him, might have been the real hero of the expedition lasting according to Inuit accounts until 1852! There were later, unverified Inuit (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit) reports that between 1852 and 1858 Crozier and one other expedition member were seen in the Baker Lake (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Lake,_Nunavut) area, about 400 km (250 mi) to the south, where in 1948 Farley Mowat (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farley_Mowat) found "a very ancient cairn, not of normal Eskimo construction" inside of which were shreds of a hardwood box with dovetail joints (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dovetail_joint) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crozier (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crozier)

[Jimbuna]

1918 First aerial bombing raid by an American unit, France.

1931 Al Capone is indicted on 5,000 counts of prohibition & perjury.

1942 Anne Frank gets her diary as a birthday present in Amsterdam.

1944 First V-1 rocket assault on London.

1982 Battle of Mount Longdon Falkland Islands.

[Jimbuna]

1940 German forces enter Paris.

1940 German U-47 sinks airship Balmoral.

1940 Auschwitz concentration camp opens in Nazi controlled Poland with Polish POWs (approx. 3 million would die within its walls).

1942 Anne Frank begins her diary.

1982 Argentina surrenders to Britain, ending the 74-day Falklands Islands conflict.

[Jimbuna]

1955 The Eisenhower administration stages the first annual "Operation Alert" (OPAL) exercise, an attempt to assess the USA's preparations for a nuclear attack.

1982 Riots in Argentina after Falklands/Malvinas defeat.

2015 Real estate mogul Donald Trump launches his campaign for US President.

[Aktungbby]

1904: The General Slocum burns in the East river of New York City on a Wednesday: It is the worst maritime disaster in the city's history, and the second worst maritime disaster on United States waterways. the ship had been chartered for $350 by St. Mark's Evangelical Lutheran Church (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_St._Mark) in the Little Germany (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Germany,_New_York) district of Manhattan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan) (Kleindeutschland). This was an annual rite for the group, which had made the trip for 17 consecutive years, a period when German settlers moved out of Little Germany for the Upper East and West Sides. This included my immigrant Jewish great-grandmother, Sarah Koenig who was not aboard that day..having married my Methodist great grandfather Charles...by whom she had five daughters and a son-my grandfather- for whom I'm named.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/PS_General_Slocum.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PS_General_Slocum.jpg) <B 4 ...& after>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/General_slocum_burning.jpgSurvivors reported that the cheap rotted cork-filled life jackets were useless and fell apart in their hands. Desperate mothers placed them on their children and tossed them into the water, only to watch in horror as they sank instead of floating. Most of those on board were women and children (it was a work-day for the husbands), who like most Americans of the time, could not swim; victims found that their heavy wool clothing absorbed water and weighed them down in the river. (Yipes! cladding issues again??!!) By the time the General Slocum sank in shallow water at North Brother Island (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Brother_Island,_East_River), just off the Bronx (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronx) shore, an estimated 1,021 people had either burned to death or drowned in the raging fiery attempt to beach the vessel-heading it into the wind!!??. There were 321 survivors. Five of the 40 crew members died. The neighborhood of Little Germany, which had been in decline for some time before the disaster as residents moved uptown, almost disappeared afterward. With the trauma and arguments that followed the tragedy and the loss of many prominent settlers, most of the Lutheran Germans remaining in the Lower East Side eventually moved uptown. The complete shock of losing so many loved ones devastated families. Suicides and depression resulted from such a loss and many residents moved away. Other communities were impacted as well; There was loss of life among the Jewish and Italian communities that had family members aboard the ship. The church whose congregation chartered the ship for the fateful voyage was converted to a synagogue in 1940 after the area was settled by Jewish residents. The bodies washed ashore for days; https://images.nypl.org/index.php?id=PS_MSS_CD8_109&t=w (http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e1-4434-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99) The sunken remains of the General Slocum were salvaged and converted into a barge named Maryland, which sank without loss of life off the southeast coast of New Jersey during a storm on December 4, 1911, while carrying a cargo of coal. A nickel for your thoughts on bad taste and judgement in pursuit of the almighty buck!! https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/General_Slocum_token.jpg/187px-General_Slocum_token.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:General_Slocum_token.jpg) https://www.sixthstreetsynagogue.org/event/moving-uptown-german-american-culture-at-the-turn-of-the-20th-century.html (https://www.sixthstreetsynagogue.org/event/moving-uptown-german-american-culture-at-the-turn-of-the-20th-century.html(wiki) https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/06/13/great-slocum-disaster-june-15-1904 (https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/06/13/great-slocum-disaster-june-15-1904)

[Jimbuna]

1982 Britain requests Argentina to arrange for return of prisoners after the Falkland Islands conflict.

2016 British MP (L) Jo Cox is shot and killed outside her constituency surgery in Birstall, West Yorkshire.

[Jimbuna]

1631 Mumtaz Mahal dies during childbirth. Her husband, Mughal emperor Shah Jahan I, then spends more than 20 years building her tomb, the Taj Mahal.

1885 Statue of Liberty arrives in NYC aboard French ship `Isere'.

1940 World War II: sinking of the RMS Lancastria by the Luftwaffe near Saint-Nazaire, France.

1967 China becomes world's 4th thermonuclear (H-bomb) power.

1982 President Galtieri resigns after leading Argentina to defeat in the Falkland Islands.

[Aktungbby]

1972: Five Watergate burglars are arrested for breaking into the Democratic National Commitee offices. Anything with 'gate' after it now reflects being unhinged vernacular-wise: The name “Watergate” and the suffix (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffix) “-gate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scandals_with_%22-gate%22_suffix)” have since become synonymous with political and non-political scandals in the United States, and some other parts of the world. To date; the best soap-opera this country has ever enjoyed: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_scandal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_scandal) Ended over two years later as 'Tricky Dick' Nixon resigned and left the White House...8/9/1974!>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Nixon-depart.pngWoops! not Air Force One and not a customary US Marine in full dress Uniform!:()1: The ignominy! I tell ya!

[Kaye T. Bai]

1778 – The British army abandons Philadelphia.
1812 – The U.S. declares war on the United Kingdom.
1965 – U.S. bombers drop bombs on Viet Cong forces in South Vietnam.
1972 – British European Airways Flight 548 crashed near the town of Staines less than three minutes after departing from London Heathrow Airport, killing all 118 people aboard, the worst airplane accident in the U.K.
1981 – The Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk, the first operational stealth airplane, makes its first flight.
1994 – Terrorists attack a pub in Northern Ireland where people were watching a soccer game, killing six people.
2006 – Kazakhstan launches its first satellite into space.
2007 – A fire at a furniture store in the U.S. state of South Carolina kills 9 firemen.
2012 – Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud becomes crown prince of Saudi Arabia.

[Jimbuna]

1812 War of 1812 begins as US declares war against Britain.

1815 Battle of Waterloo; Napoleon and France defeated by British forces under Wellington and Prussian troops under Blucher.

1928 American aviator Amelia Earhart becomes the 1st woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean landing at Burry Port, Wales.

1940 Winston Churchill's "this was their finest hour" speech urging perseverance during Battle of Britain delivered to British House of Commons.

1944 German submarine U-767 sunk by Royal Navy destroyers in the English Channel.

1945 William Joyce (Lord Haw-Haw) charged with treason.

[Jimbuna]

1829 Robert Peel founds the London Metropolitan Police (Bobbies).

1864 CSS "Alabama" sunk by USS "Kearsarge" off Cherbourg, France.

1917 The British Royal Family, which has had strong German ties since George I, renounces its German names and titles and adopts the name of Windsor.

1991 Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar surrenders to police.

[Jimbuna]

1840 Samuel Morse patents his telegraph.

1941 German U-203 fails on torpedo attack on US battleship Texas.

1944 Nazis begin mass extermination of Jews at Auschwitz.

2016 China's super computer tally overtakes the US; Chinese 93 petaflop Sunway TaihuLight is world's No. 1

[Jimbuna]

1854 First Victoria Cross won during bombardment of Bomarsund in the Aland Islands (Crimean War).

1919 The German Navy, feeling betrayed by the terms of the Versailles Treaty, scuttles most of its ships interned at Great Britain's Scapa Flow Naval base in the Orkney Islands.

1942 Rommel takes Tobruk in North Africa.

[Jimbuna]

1942 World War II: Germany's latest fighter, a ****e-Wulf FW190 is captured intact when it mistakenly lands at RAF Pembrey in Wales.

1943 RAF discovers Werner von Braun's V1/V2-base in Peenemunde.

1974 1st extraterrestrial message sent from Earth into space.

2016 United Kingdom votes to leave the European Union in their "Brexit" referundum.

[Jimbuna]

1917 Russian Black Sea fleet mutinies at Sebastopol.

1930 1st radar detection of planes, Anacostia, Washington, D.C.

1966 Period of relative peace following WW II exceeds that following WW I

[Jimbuna]

1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn: US 7th Cavalry under Brevet Major General George Armstrong Custer wiped out by Sioux and Cheyenne warriors led by Chiefs Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull in what has become famously known as "Custer's Last Stand"

1940 Adolf Hitler views Eiffel tower & grave of Napoleon in Paris, France.

1942 British RAF staged a 1,000 bomb raid on Bremen Germany.

1943 Crematorium 3 at Birkenau is finished.

1947 1st version of Anne Frank's diary "Het Achterhuis" published in The Netherlands.

1950 North Korea invades South Korea, beginning the Korean War.

[Aktungbby]

1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn: US 7th Cavalry under Brevet Major General George Armstrong Custer wiped out by Sioux and Cheyenne warriors led by Chiefs Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull in what has become famously known as "Custer's Last Stand"

Von Clausewisc ON WAR:" Whenever possible, increase firepower: Since the early 1980s, archaeological researchers conducted battlefield excavations after a major grass fire. Historians have been studying accounts by participating Indians and tribal oral histories. Based on these elements, a contemporary reassessment of theBattle of the Little Bighorn (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Little_Bighorn) has given Gall greater credit for several crucial tactical decisions that contributed to the Sioux and Cheyenne's overpowering defeat of the five companies of cavalry led byCuster (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer) of the 7th Cavalry.:
How Galling! https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/ChiefGall-NARA.jpg/220px-ChiefGall-NARA.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ChiefGall-NARA.jpg)] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ChiefGall-NARA.jpg)
Major Marcus Reno (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Reno)'s initial attack on the southeast end of the Indian village killed Gall's two wives and several children. Gall described it: "My heart was very bad that day." During the opening phase of the battle, the Lakota and Cheyenne repulsed Reno's three companies of cavalry from the south-eastern end of their large village. Gall was one of the few Indians to suspect that Custer's strategy was probably a two-pronged attack. He believed that determining the location of the other half of Custer's attacking force was critical to Indian defense.
Gall crossed the river and rode to the northeast, where he spied Custer's chief scout, Mitch Bouyer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitch_Bouyer), returning to Custer from an overwatch of the Indian village. After locating the main element of Custer's five companies, Gall correctly determined that they probably intended to force a river crossing and an entrance into the northern end of the village. Riding back down from the bluffs, Gall told Sioux and Cheyenne forces returning from Reno's repulse of his suspicions. With Crazy Horse (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crazy_Horse), he led forces north across the river to drive Company E and F due north up present-day Calhoun Couley to present-day Finley Ridge. There they forced three of Custer's companies to fight a largely defensive battle.
Within minutes, Gall and his forces took a position north east of Finley Ridge and poured a withering fire down on Companies C, I and L. When Crazy Horse charged through an opening between Lt Calhoun's Company L and Company I in a sudden surprise right envelopment attack, Company L probably began to pull back off the ridge to try to link up with Company I. Companies C and L's tried to redeploy from holding off Gall's men to the east and others to the south. This probably looked like a panicked retreat to Gall and his forces.
Seeing that the two Cavalry companies no longer had the fire superiority that held the Indians at bay, Gall and his men attacked from the east as the other Indians attacked the cut-off elements of Company C from both the east and the south. They soon finished off Companies C and L, and forced survivors and some of Company I to flee towards Custer and his men north of the so-called "Last Stand Hill." A few of the soldiers of Companies C, I and L also fled south toward the river. The places where they fell were later marked by white marble monuments, which still stand.https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/20/71/db/2071db04679bbede82c30a39d8230df5--last-stand-the-battle.jpg
Soon the Indians finished off Custer and his men in the remaining companies C, E, and K. The last approximately 28 survivors made a dash south for the river. They were trapped in the box canyon called "Deep Ravine". After killing them, the Indians had won the battle, having completely annihilated Custer's five companies.
In later years, Gall recounted his role in the battle. He had mistakenly thought the survivors of Custer's three southeastern companies fled northwest to Custer because they ran out of ammunition. The horse soldiers may also have fled after losing their will to fight, as many men simply ran, even abandoning loaded rifles. The Sioux and Cheyenne picked these up and fired the weapons to drive off the soldiers' horses, thus depriving them of a key tactical mobility advantage. The native warriors' attacking Greasy Grass Ridge from the southeast came mostly on foot. Gall kept up enfillading fire from the northeast.
After Little Big Horn, this man became an even greater chief amid the reservation politics and government genocidal mistreatmen of native Americans.... https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2008/fall/gall.html (https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2008/fall/gall.html)

[Jimbuna]

1857 The first 62 recipients are awarded the Victoria Cross for valour in the Crimean war by Queen Victoria.

1911 Nieuport sets an aircraft speed record of 83 mph (133 kph).

1917 First US Expeditionary Force arrives in France during World War I.

1918 The Australian steamer Wimmera is sunk by a mine laid north of Cape Maria van Diemen in 1917 by the German raider Wolf; 26 of its 151 passengers and crew were killed.

1945 United Nations Charter signed by 50 nations in San Francisco.

1968 Iwo Jima & Bonin Islands returned to Japan by US.

[Jimbuna]

1880 Australian bushranger Ned Kelly captured at Glenrowan.

1914 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophie are assassinated in Sarajevo by young Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip at 10.45, the casus belli of WWI.

1919 Treaty of Versailles, ending WWI and establishing the League of Nations, is signed in France.

1950 North Korean forces capture Seoul, South Korea in opening phase of the Korean War.

1967 George Harrison is fined £6 for speeding.

[Jimbuna]

1940 Batman Comics, mobsters rubbed out a circus highwire team known as the Flying Graysons, leaving their son Dick (Robin) an orphan.

1943 Germany begins withdrawing U-boats from North Atlantic in anticipation of the Allied invasion of Europe.

1944 Rommel & von Rundstedt travel to Berchtesgaden.

1952 USS Oriskany becomes 1st aircraft carrier to sail around Cape Horn.

[Jimbuna]

1900 4 German liners burn at Hobokon Docks NJ, 326 die.

1905 In Russia, the "Potemkin" arrives at Odessa, where sailors take the bodies of dead crewman ashore; sailors join civilians in revolutionary actions of the '1905 Revolution'

1905 The crew of the Russian battleship "Georgei Pobiedonosets" mutinies in support of the "Potemkin", which mutinied three days earlier.

1934 "Night of Long Knives" - Hitler stages a bloody purge of the Nazi party.

1939 Heinkel He 176 rocket plane flies for 1st time, at Peenemunde.

1942 Col-gen Von Paul's 6th Army enters Ukraine.

1942 U-boats sink and damage 146 allied ships this month (700,227 tons).

[Aktungbby]

JUNE 30 1876: The steam boat Far West carries wounded survivors all the way back to Bismarck ND from Custer's last stand. They key to understanding the battle of Little Big Horn is to comprehend the river network which formed the basis of military strategy of the Sioux and the US Army.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/YellowstoneRiverMap.jpg/256px-YellowstoneRiverMap.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:YellowstoneRiverMap.jpg)<(enlarges) Horses(and immense buffalo herds) operate on water so all cavalry operations revolved around water hence the location of the huge Indian camp( est. 10,000) along the banks to the Little Big Horn an area suitable for a herd estimated at 20,000+ animals. After the disaster of June 25 the army's steam boat, Far West, carrying supplies to the army, switched priorities and carried 52 wounded survivors 7i0 miles over wild rivers back to Bismarck, ND the headquarters of the Seventh cavalry..an 54 hour transit, starting on the 30th, that stands to this day. The famously able captain, Grant Marsh, buried some $375,000 in gold bars entrusted to him by fearful miners to lighten the load and make room for the wounded and the firewood to make the voyage. Approximately twenty miles up the Little Bighorn from the Yellowstone River.... Marsh returned to reclaim the hoard but a mud slide had buried the site. The treasure has never been recovered. https://assets2.roadtrippers.com/uploads/blog_post_section/attachment/image/157629/blog_post_section/attachment-image-26f14ddc-1d31-4636-a97f-893f3e87335e.jpg

[Catfish]

Ah yes, the good old Far West.. friend of mine built it as a model almost 1 1/2 meters long. The long wooden beams with their blocks ad tackles were not only for loading/unloading, but also for stemming the hull over sandbanks (called grasshopping), it was a typical "mountain boat". The braces that held the hull up could also be adjusted to lift the hull at certain places and come clear again.. unfortunately she later hit a snag and was given up. For a river boat she had a long service time and was indeed lucky, certainly due to her captain, Mr. Marsh :salute:

[Aktungbby]

You left out Old Shatterhand and Winnetou; and brother horses; Hatatitla https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/8f/2e/cc/8f2ecc4af17af110f1f917d52144c5a6--native-american-art-native-art.jpg (Lightning), and Iltschi ! As conductors of biological warfare in the West, steamboats weere indispensable: http://bigskyjournal.com/fly-fishing-2013/steamboat-acomin (http://bigskyjournal.com/fly-fishing-2013/steamboat-acomin) Historic archives of the western movement show there was no more dangerous carrier of dreaded diseases such as smallpox and cholera than the steamboats that plied their way up the Missouri. Plains Indians had little or no resistance to the deadly smallpox virus transmitted through close respiratory contact, often with devastating results. Captain-pilot Joseph La Barge is reported to have said that the shores of the Missouri were a continuous graveyard. Crewmen and passengers dying from outbreaks of cholera and smallpox were buried at hundreds of places in unmarked graves.
In 1837, the steamer St. Peters left St. Louis en route to Ft. Union, N.D., and earned an infamous niche in the annals of western medicine by touching off an epidemic of smallpox that afflicted nearly every tribe from the Platte to the Rockies. The virulent virus was first unleashed among the Mandan Indians at Ft. Clark and in a few short weeks, hundreds of fatalities occurred. From the infected Mandans, the plague spread and inflicted additional outbreaks on nearby Arikaras, Pawnees and Minnatarees. As the St. Peters moved upstream, the smallpox virus was transferred to Indians at Fort Union. From here the disease spread to other tribal members and to outlying tribes such as the Crow and Blackfeet. By the end of the next year after the St. Peter’s departure from Ft. Union, an estimated 15,000 Northern Plains Indians had died from the disease.

[Jimbuna]

1916 First day of the Battle of the Somme: the British Army suffers its worst day, losing 19,240 men (WWI).

1944 Von Rundstedt against Keitel: "Sign peace, idiots!"

1946 US drops atom bomb on Bikini atoll (4th atomic explosion).

1997 United Kingdom returns Hong Kong and the New Territories to the People's Republic of China.

[Jimbuna]

1900 First flight LZ-1, of a dirigible airship designed by Graf Ferdinand von Zeppelin, at Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen, Germany.

1940 Hitler orders invasion of Britain (Operation Sealion).

1943 Gulf of Biskaje: Liberator bombers sinks U-126.

1943 Lt Charles Hall becomes first black pilot to shoot down a German plane.

1957 1st submarine designed to fire guided missiles launched, Grayback.

[Jimbuna]

1816 French frigate "Medusa" runs aground off Cap Blanc. Gross incompetence kills 150 in calm seas.

1863 Battle of Gettysburg: Largest battle ever fought on the American continent, ends in a major victory for the Union during the US Civil War.

1886 In Germany, Karl Benz drives 1st automobile.

1939 Ernst Heinkel demonstrates 800 kph (500 mph) rocket plane to Hitler.

1940 British Royal Navy sinks French fleet in Mers-el-Kebir, Algeria, to prevent Germany seizing it.

1943 Liberator bombers sinks U-628.

1976 Israel launches rescue of 103 Air France crew & passengers being held at Entebbe Airport in Uganda by pro-Palestinian hijackers.

[Jimbuna]

1884 Statue of Liberty presented to US in Paris.

1944 1,100 US guns fire 4th of July salute at German lines in Normandy.

1944 First Japanese kamikaze attack, US fleet near Iwo Jima.

1954 Meat and all other food rationing officially ends in Britain, nine years after the end of World War II.

1996 Hotmail, a free internet E-mail service begins.

[Aktungbby]

1802: The United States Military Academy officially opens Joseph Gardner Swift https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Colonel_Joseph_Gardner_Swift.jpg/220px-Colonel_Joseph_Gardner_Swift.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colonel_Joseph_Gardner_Swift.jpg) will be the first official graduate ....and fourth superintendent of the Academy. For an 'army guy'; he did a lot of good naval harbor defense construction throughout the nation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gardner_Swift (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gardner_Swift)

[Jimbuna]

1942 Ian Fleming graduates from a training school for spies in Canada.

1943 Battle of Kursk, USSR begins (6,000 tanks).

1943 Liberator bombers sink U-535 in Gulf of Biscay.

[Jimbuna]

1919 British R-34 lands in NY, 1st airship to cross Atlantic (108 hr).

1942 Anne Frank's family goes into hiding.

1943 2nd day of battle at Kursk: 25,000 German killed.

1943 US destroyer William D Porter [Willie Dee] launched.

1944 US General Patton lands in France.

1947 The AK-47 goes into production in the Soviet Union.

1957 John Lennon (16) & Paul McCartney (15) meet for 1st time as Lennon's rock group Quarrymen perform at a church dinner.

[Jimbuna]

1908 Great White Fleet leaves SF Bay.

1943 3rd day of battle at Kursk: Germans occupy Dubrova.

1943 Erich Hartmann shoots down 7 Russian aircraft at Kursk.

1943 Liberator bombers sinks U-517.

1943 German Submarine U-951 sunk by depth charges, off Cape St. Vincent in the North Atlantic.

1947 Alleged and disputed Roswell UFO incident occurred.

1950 First Farnborough airshow held.

1952 SS United States cross Atlantic in record 82:40.

[Jimbuna]

1943 4th day of battle at Kursk: Gen Model uses last tank reserve.

1943 British air raid sinks U-232.

1947 Reports are broadcast that a UFO has crash landed in Roswell, New Mexico.

[Jimbuna]

1916 First cargo submarine to cross Atlantic arrives in US from Germany.

1917 British battleship HMS Vanguard explodes at Scapa Flow (the result of an internal explosion of faulty cordite), killing 804.

1934 SS-Reichsfuehrer Heinrich Himmler takes command of German Concentration Camps.

1943 5th day of battle at Kursk: Germans occupy Verchopenje.

1943 British air raid sinks U-435.

1944 U-740 sunk by depth charges from a British Liberator aircraft.

[Jimbuna]

1040 Lady Godiva rides naked on horseback through Coventry, according to legend, to force her husband, the Earl of Mercia, to lower taxes.

1940 Battle of Britain begins as German forces attack shipping convoys in the English Channel.

1942 Himmler orders sterilization of all Jewish woman in Ravensbruck Camp.

1943 6th day of battle at Kursk.

1944 German submarine U-821 sunk by RAF.

1985 French foreign intelligence agents blow up the Greenpeace boat Rainbow Warrior in Auckland harbor, New Zealand to prevent it interfering with French nuclear tests in the South Pacific. Dutch photographer Fernando Pereira is killed.

[Jimbuna]

1915 German cruiser Königsberg sinks off Dar-es-Salam.

1940 Marshall Henri Petain, French hero of World War One, becomes head of the collaborative Vichy government of France.

1943 7th day of battle at Kursk.

1969 David Bowie releases the single "Space Oddity" 9 days before Apollo 11 lands on the moon.

1988 Mike Tyson hires Donald Trump as an advisor.

[Aktungbby]

1988 Mike Tyson hires Donald Trump as an advisor. A pity he didn't 'chew his ear' off!:O: http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/11/21/article-2511126-0004001500000258-168_634x478.jpg
The infamous bite cost Tyson 3 million ....however 2009 Tyson returns Holyfield's ear....http://www.adweek.com/wp-content/uploads/files/news_article/mike_tyson_foot_locker_hed_2013.jpg
.... 12 years after the ear-biting fight, the pair have rekindled their 90s friendship.
Last year they famously exchanged quips about the incident on Twitter as Holyfield began promoting his Real Deal BBQ Sauce.
Holyfield posted: ‘My realdealbbqsauce.com will make you take a bite out of someone's ear! Ask Mike Tyson – Luv ya bro!’ https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--A9leIwLH--/c_fit,fl_progressive,q_80,w_636/17y100fzl3s3yjpg.jpgA cookout just isn't a cookout without@Holyfield (https://twitter.com/holyfield)'s #realdealBBQsauce (https://twitter.com/hashtag/realdealBBQsauce?src=hash). Get some! It's ear-licking good!:k_confused::()1: Y...I have no use for boxing! or politicians

[Jimbuna]

Japanese battleship Kawachi explodes in Bay of Takayama, over 600 killed.

1943 World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka - Russians defeat German forces in one of the largest ever tank battles.


1957 First President to fly in helicopter-Dwight Eisenhower.

[Jimbuna]

1835 Swedish-American inventor John Ericsson files for a patent for his screw propeller design.

1943 Greatest tank battle in history ends with Russia's defeat of Germany at Kursk, almost 6,000 tanks take part, 2,900 lost by Germany.

2016 Theresa May is elected Prime Minister of the United Kingdom by Conservative Party MPs.

[Jimbuna]

1933 NSDAP (Nazis) becomes only political party in Germany.

1941 6,000 Lithuanian Jews are exterminated at Viszalsyan Camp.

1945 Battleship USS South Dakota is first US ship to bombard Japan.

1950 RE Wayne awarded first Distinguished Flying Cross in Korea.

1952 SS United States crosses Atlantic in 84:12 (record westward).

1959 USS Long Beach, first nuclear powered cruiser launched at Quincy, Mass.

[Platapus]

15 July

101 years ago today, the Boeing Company (Pacific Aero) was first formed by William Boeing in Seattle Washington. 36 years later they would test and manufacture the first commercial jet transport airliner built in US, the 156-passenger Boeing 707. (1916)


The Rosetta Stone was found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta and it later became the key to deciphering hieroglyphics due to its inclusion of a Greek translation (1799)

The pilot Wiley Post began the first solo flight around world (1933)

18 Nobel laureate scientists signed the Mainau Declaration against nuclear weapons and within one year 34 more –mostly chemists and physicists– joined the German nuclear scientists Otto Hahn and Max Born in calling for an end to such radioactive and perilous bombs (1955)

President Richard Nixon announced he would visit the People’s Republic of China to seek a ”normalization of relations” (1971)

The Mozilla (non-profit) Foundation was established to support and provide leadership for open source software, like its browser, Firefox (2003)101 years ago today, the Boeing Company (Pacific Aero) was first formed by William Boeing in Seattle Washington. 36 years later they would test and manufacture the first commercial jet transport airliner built in US, the 156-passenger Boeing 707. (1916)

[Jimbuna]

1815 Napoleon surrenders to Captain Frederick Maitland of HMS Bellerophon at Rochefort after his earlier defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.

1915 The head of German propaganda in the US, Dr Heinrich Albert, loses his briefcase on a subway in New York City; an examination of its content reveals an extensive network of German espionage and subversion across the US.

1963 Paul McCartney is fined £17 for speeding.

1973 Ray Davies announces retirement from Kinks then attempts suicide.

[Mr Quatro]

The First Crusade July 15

In 1095 Pope Urban II preached an electrifying sermon before a great multitude. He described the plight of the Eastern Church, inundated by Turkish Muslims. Infidels controlled the Holy Land, Urban thundered, and Jerusalem’s Church of the Holy Sepulcher, the holiest spot in Christendom, lay in Islamic hands.

All Europe set out to liberate Jerusalem. Colorful hordes of militant lords and ladies, knights and peasants marched 2,000 miles across Europe.

Their numbers were soon depleted, however, by the realities of war. By the time the Crusaders reached Jerusalem only about 20,000 remained. Meanwhile the Islamic governor of Jerusalem readied for siege. Wells outside city walls were poisoned. Flocks were driven into the city, and Christian inhabitants expelled. Jerusalem’s ancient towers were reinforced.

A lunar eclipse on June 5 seemed to augur success for the pilgrims, and on the evening of June 7, the main army reached the Holy City. On June 12 a hermit on the Mount of Olives promised, “If you will attack the city tomorrow, the Lord will deliver it into your hands.”

When the sun rose over the city the next day, trumpets blared and the armies melted into attacking hoards assailing the walls. Ladders were thrown up, and knights scaled the ramparts only to be repelled by sticks, stones, and boiling oil. The assault failed. Thirst set in. Temperatures reached 100 degrees, and the wind blew hot. Rotting corpses of horses sullied the air. Quarrels broke out. Rumors of advancing Muslim forces frightened the troops.

On Wednesday, July 13, another assault was mounted. The city finally fell on Friday, July 15, 1099, at three o’clock—the day and hour of the Savior’s death, it was noted.

Crusaders slaughtered the inhabitants until streets were choked with the dead. None were spared. Jews perished in burning synagogues, and the blood of Muslims flowed up to the ankles. Jubilant Crusaders sang hymns as they waded through a sea of bodies to the holiest spot in Christendom.

On This Day : 265 Amazing and Inspiring Stories About Saints, Martyrs & Heroes.

[Aktungbby]

Crusaders slaughtered the inhabitants until streets were choked with the dead. None were spared. Jews perished in burning synagogues, and the blood of Muslims flowed up to the ankles. Jubilant Crusaders sang hymns as they waded through a sea of bodies to the holiest spot in Christendom.
Well after all that bloodcurdling mayhem and excitement; a little Post Traumatic Victory Syndrome 'Te Deum' set in on the way to church! :doh: :yep: ':O:

[Jimbuna]

1439 Kissing is banned in England (to stop germs from spreading).

1618 Capt John Gilbert patents first dredger in Britain.

1862 David Farragut is first Rear Admiral in US Navy.

1912 Naval torpedo launched from an airplane patents by B A Fiske.

1918 A Bolshevik firing squad at Ekaterinburg, Siberia, executes Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family.

1945 First test detonation of an atomic bomb, Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico as part of the US Manhattan Project.

1945 Cruiser Indianapolis leaves SF with atom bomb.

1946 US court martial sentences 46 members of the SS to death (Battle of Bulge crimes) in Dachau.

1969 Apollo 11 launched, carrying 1st men to land on Moon.

[Mr Quatro]

1945 First test detonation of an atomic bomb, Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico as part of the US Manhattan Project.

1945 Cruiser Indianapolis leaves SF with atom bomb.



How could this happen on the same day?

Two weeks later a Japanese submarine sank the USS Indianapolis ...

Her sinking led to the greatest single loss of life at sea in the history of the U.S. Navy. On 30 July 1945, after a high-speed trip to deliver parts for Little Boy, the first atomic bomb used in combat, to the United States air base at Tinian, the ship was torpedoed by the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine I-58 while on her way to the
Philippines, sinking in 12 minutes. Of 1,196 crewmen aboard, approximately 300 went down with the ship. The remaining 900 faced exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning,



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Indianapolis_(CA-35)

[Aktungbby]

How could this happen on the same day?

Two weeks later a Japanese submarine sank the USS Indianapolis ...



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Indianapolis_(CA-35)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test)) meets: After major repairs and an overhaul, Indianapolis received orders to proceed to Tinian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinian) island, On 16 July 1945 the USS Indianapolis arrived at the Naval Weapons Center- Port Chicago, California and received a three foot diameter by four foot tall canister of top-secret cargo carrying parts and the enriched uranium (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enriched_uranium). (about half of the world's supply of Uranium-235 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium-235) at the time) for the atomic bomb Little Boy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Boy), which would later be dropped on Hiroshima (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima). Four hours after the Trinity explosion, Indianapolis departed San Francisco's Hunters Point Naval Shipyard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunters_Point_Naval_Shipyard) on 16 July 1945, within hours of the Trinity (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test)) test. USS Indianapolis set a speed record of  74 1⁄2 hours with an average speed of 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph) from San Francisco to Pearl Harbor which still stands today. Arriving at Pearl Harbor on 19 July, she raced on unaccompanied, delivering the atomic weapon components to Tinian on 26 July. On July 28 and 29, four "Green Hornet" transports flew in from the U.S. with the plutonium pieces for Fat Man and the uranium inserts for Little Boy. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Trinity_crater_%28annotated%29_2.jpg
None of the crew knew what was contained in the crate and canister that were brought on board. The crate contained the “gun-type” mechanism (http://www.atomicheritage.org/history/science-behind-atom-bomb) for Little Boy. The uranium contained in the canisters was about half the US supply (the other half was flown to Tinian). It is unclear if McVay even knew what the contents were, though he claimed after the war that he did. He was, at least, aware of the secrecy and importance of his mission.
The two men who definitely did know were James Nolan (http://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/james-f-nolan) and Robert Furman (http://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/robert-furman), two men from the Manhattan Project who accompanied the components to Tinian. The men were disguised as artillery officers, though it was not a very convincing cover. Furman, as an Army engineer, had some experience with artillery. But Nolan, a radiologist, raised some suspicion. He constantly had to return belowdecks to check the radiation from the canister, and was unable to answer basic questions about his supposed artillery experience.
Furman and Nolan were also probably the only ones who knew what caused the delay in launching the ship on the morning of July 16. In fact, they were waiting for a message about the result of the Trinity Test (http://www.atomicheritage.org/history/trinity-test-1945). With confirmation of that success, the Indianapolis left port. Actually J. Robert Oppenheimer believed that fifty atomic bombs would be needed to defeat Japan. Scientists and military figures considered them as nothing more than large-scale conventional weapons. Each atomic bomb could accomplish what took a week with conventional bombing and, as the radiation effect was still unknown, there seemed no reason to withhold using them. The quote less often heard: Oppenheimer later recalled that, while witnessing the explosion, he thought of a verse from the Hindu (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu) holy book, the Bhagavad Gita (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita) (XI,12): कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृद्धो लोकान्समाहर्तुमिह प्रवृत्तः। ऋतेऽपि त्वां न भविष्यन्ति सर्वे येऽवस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः॥११- ३२॥
If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst at once into the sky, that would be like the splendor of the mighty one ...Years later he would explain that another verse had also entered his head at that time...“Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds....” :hmmm: Bits of southwestern sand were transformed by the intense heat, reborn as a peculiar glass-like material. Today, one can’t legally go out in the field and gather trinitite, which—by the way—is radioactive, though it becomes less so over time.

[Jimbuna]

2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 is shot down over Eastern Ukraine by a Buk surface-to-air missile launched from pro-Russian separatist-controlled territory, killing all 283 passengers and 15 crew on board.

[Jimbuna]

1925 Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf (original title was the catchy "Four and a Half Years (of Struggle) Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice").

1942 Test flight of German Messerschmitt Me-262 using only its jet engines for the first time.

2012 Kim Jong-un is officially appointed Supreme Leader of North Korea and given the rank of Marshal in the Korean People's Army.

[Jimbuna]

1843 Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becomes first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and the largest vessel afloat in the world.

1940 Hitler orders Great Britain to surrender.

1941 British PM Winston Churchill launched his "V for Victory" campaign.

1944 Japanese aircraft carriers Taiho and Shokaku sink in Marianas.

1945 USS Cod saves 51 sailors from Dutch submarine in only sub-to-sub rescue.

1957 First rocket with nuclear warhead fired, Yucca Flat, Nevada.

1969 Apollo 11 goes into Moon orbit.

[Aktungbby]

1989: United Flight 232 crash-lands after suffering catastrophic failure of its tail-mounted engine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_engine), which led to the loss of all flight controls (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_control_system). https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/UAL_232_Fan.png/220px-UAL_232_Fan.png (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:UAL_232_Fan.png) < a cracked titanium fan rotor=cause)The flight was en route from Denver to Chicago. Of the 296 passengers and crew on board, 111 died in the accident and 185 survived in total.
Post-crash analysis of the crack surfaces showed the presence of a penetrating fluorescent dye used to detect cracks during maintenance. The presence of the dye indicated that the crack was present and should have been detected at a prior inspection. The detection failure arose from poor attention to human factors in United Airlines' maintenance procedures...
Investigators discovered an impurity and fatigue (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_(material)) crack in the disk. Titanium reacts with air when melted, which creates impurities which can initiate fatigue cracks like that found in the crash disk. To prevent this, the ingot that would become the fan disk was formed using a "double vacuum" process: the raw materials were melted together in a vacuum (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum), allowed to cool and solidify, then melted in a vacuum once more. After the double vacuum process, the ingot was shaped into a billet, a sausage-like form about 16 inches in diameter, and tested using ultrasound to look for defects. Defects were located and the ingot was further processed to remove them, but some contamination remained. (GE later changed to an improved triple-vacuum process because of their investigation into failing rotating titanium engine parts.)
The contamination caused what is known as a hard alpha inclusion, a brittle part of the metal, which cracked during forging and then fell out during final machining. This formed a cavity with microscopic cracks at the edges. For the next 18 years, the crack grew slightly each time the engine was powered up and brought to operating temperature (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_temperature).... Ever since, my own impurity and fatigue notwithstanding, I've always wondered about my hard alpha inclusion solidifying in in a vacuum whenever I get on any airliner....or a rented Cessna 172 while 'learning to fly'...and what overworked 'poor human factors' may have inspected my ride?!:k_confused: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhSoyUWDmt0 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhSoyUWDmt0) ...But perhaps I'm just being...Petty:o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5BJXwNeKsQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5BJXwNeKsQ)

[Jimbuna]

1969 First Moon Landing: Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin from Apollo 11, 530 million watch live global broadcast.

1944 Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt led by German army officer Claus Von Stauffenberg.

1976 US Viking 1 lands on Mars at Chryse Planitia, first Martian landing.

[Jimbuna]

1904 After 13 years, the 4,607-mile Trans-Siberian railway is completed.

1921 To prove his contention that air power is superior to sea power, US Colonel William Mitchell demonstrates how bombs from planes can sink a captured German battleship.

1969 Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to step on the Moon at 2:56:15 AM (GMT).

[Aktungbby]

1969 Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to step on the Moon at 2:56:15 AM (GMT). In today's paper: http://a57.foxnews.com/images.foxnews.com/content/fox-news/science/2017/07/21/bag-nasa-moon-dust-sells-for-1-8m-at-auction/_jcr_content/par/featured_image/media-0.img.jpg/876/493/1500613348527.jpg?ve=1&tl=1
A bag of moon dust from NASA’s Apollo 11 mission – which a woman bought for $995 in 2015 -- sold for $1.8 million at a Sotheby’s auction this week following an intense court battle. The bag, filled with moon dust by astronaut Neil Armstrong during the first manned mission to the moon in July 1969, had previously been misidentified and mistakenly sold at an online government auction. Typical garage sale: one man's crap is another mans gold...er woman's :arrgh!: NASA’s attempt to retrieve the bag failed after a federal judge in December ruled it legally belonged to a Chicago-area woman who bought it two years ago for $995.00!http://www.foxnews.com/science/2017/07/21/bag-nasa-moon-dust-sells-for-1-8m-at-auction.html (http://www.foxnews.com/science/2017/07/21/bag-nasa-moon-dust-sells-for-1-8m-at-auction.html) This has restored my own faith as a watch collector; :O: http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-101303a.html (http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-101303a.html) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/AS11-36-5390HR.jpg/800px-AS11-36-5390HR.jpgBuzz Aldrin's Omega Speedmaster is apparently still missing! https://img.purch.com/w/660/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5zcGFjZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzAxMi 83NzAvb3JpZ2luYWwvYnV6ei1hbGRyaW4tbW9vbi1hcG9sbG8t MTEuanBn<Omega's full page ad in yesterday's WSJ of Aldrin on the moon. https://www.montredo.com/en/watch-magazine/the-story-of-buzz-aldrin's-omega-speedmaster/ (https://www.montredo.com/en/watch-magazine/the-story-of-buzz-aldrin's-omega-speedmaster/)

[Jimbuna]

1942 Warsaw Ghetto Jews (300,000) are sent to Treblinka Extermination Camp.

2011 Norway is the victim of twin terror attacks, the first a bomb blast targeting government buildings in central Oslo, second a massacre at a youth camp on island of Utøya.

[Jimbuna]

1942 Hitler's Directive number 45: order to occupy Stalingrad.

1943 Battle of Kursk, USSR ends in German defeat (6,000 tanks).

1945 Marshal Henri Pétain, leader Vichy-regime, goes on trial.

[Jimbuna]

1941 Nazis kill entire Jewish population of Grodz, Lithuania.

1943 Operation Gomorrah begins - RAF begins bombing Hamburg (till 3rd August), creating firestorm and killing 42,600.

1969 Apollo 11 returns to Earth.

[Jimbuna]

1814 English engineer George Stephenson introduces the 1st steam locomotive.

1943 Benito Mussolini dismissed as Italian Premier and arrested on the authority of King Victor Emmanuel III.

1943 First warship named after an African American launched - USS Leonard Roy Harmon, a Buckley class destroyer.

1944 World War II: Operation Spring - one of Canada's bloodiest days, 18,444 casualties and 5,021 killed.

1944 First jet fighter used in combat (Messerschmitt 262).

[Jimbuna]

1908 United States Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte issues an order to immediately staff the Office of the Chief Examiner (later renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation).

1944 The first German V-2 rocket hits Great Britain (nicknamed "gasometer").

1945 Declaration of Potsdam: US, Britain and China demand the Japanese surrender during WWII.

1945 Japanese government disregards US ultimatum.

1945 US cruiser Indianapolis reaches Tinian with atom bomb.

1945 Winston Churchill resigns as Britain's Prime Minister after election defeat.

1945 Physicist Raemer Schreiber and Lieutenant Colonel Peer de Silva depart Kirtland Army Air Field to transport the plutonium core for the Fat Man bomb (bombing of Nagasaki) to the island of Tinian where the bomb is assembled.

1957 USSR launches 1st intercontinental multistage ballistic missile.

[Aktungbby]

1952: Evita Peron dies http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/wm/live/624_351/images/live/p0/2w/q3/p02wq33t.jpghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Funeral_de_Evita.jpg/1024px-Funeral_de_Evita.jpg3 million people turned out for the funeral of one of history's more notable first ladies; even in death she was still a globetrotter! :arrgh!: In 1971, Evita's body was exhumed and flown to Spain, where Juan Perón maintained the corpse in his home. Juan and his third wife, Isabel, decided to keep the corpse in their dining room on a platform near the table. In 1973, Juan Perón came out of exile and returned to Argentina, where he became president for the third time. Perón died in office in 1974. His third wife, Isabel Perón (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n), whom he had married on 15 November 1961, and who had been elected vice-president, succeeded him. She became the first female president in the Western Hemisphere (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Hemisphere). Isabel had Eva Perón's body returned to Argentina and (briefly) displayed beside her husband's. Perón's body was later buried in the Duarte family tomb in La Recoleta Cemetery (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Recoleta_Cemetery), Buenos Aires. The previous removal of Evita's body was avenged by the Montoneros (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montoneros) when they in 1970 stole Pedro Eugenio Aramburu (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Eugenio_Aramburu)'s corpse, whom they had previously killed. Montoneros then used the captive body of Aramburu to pressure for the repatriation of Evita's body. Once Evita's body arrived in Argentina the Montoneros gave up Aramburu's corpse and abandoned it in a street in Buenos Aires.The Argentine government took elaborate measures to make Perón's tomb secure. The tomb's marble floor has a trapdoor that leads to a compartment containing two coffins. Under that compartment is a second trapdoor and a second compartment. That is where Perón's coffin rests. Biographers Marysa Navarro and Nicholas Fraser write that the claim is often made that her tomb is so secure that it could withstand a nuclear attack. NOTE: On June 23, 1987, someone broke into Juan Perón’s tomb and cut off his hands. They were ransomed for $8 million US dollars. The government refused to pay the ransom, and the hands, seen by Argentinians as a symbol of power, have never been recovered.($o much for 'mano a mano':O: "It reflects a fear", they write, "a fear that the body will disappear from the tomb and that the woman, or rather the myth of the woman, will reappear." Clearly; No 'hasta la vista' for this BBY! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Per%C3%B3n (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Per%C3%B3n) & another version of events::hmmm: http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150710-the-gruesome-untold-story-of-eva-perons-lobotomy (http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150710-the-gruesome-untold-story-of-eva-perons-lobotomy) :timeout:

[Mr Quatro]

^ Here's a question you can't answer Aktungbby ... ^

I wonder why? :eek:

[Jimbuna]

1586 Sir Walter Raleigh brings first tobacco to England from Virginia.

1789 US Congress establishes Department of Foreign Affairs now referred to as the State Department.

1940 Bugs Bunny debuts in "Wild Hare".

1944 1st British jet fighter used in combat (Gloster Meteor).

1948 Otto Skorzeny escapes anti-nazi camp at Darmstadt.

1949 First jet-propelled airline (De Havilland Comet) flies.

1972 The F-15 Eagle flies for the first time.

2012 Queen Elizabeth II opens the 30th Olympics in London, United Kingdom (with some help from 007).