This date in history

[Jimbuna]

1940 - Winston Churchill succeeds Neville Chamberlain as British Prime Minister.

[Jimbuna]

1924 - Mercedes-Benz is formed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz merging the two companies.

[Jimbuna]

1951 - 1st H Bomb test, on Enewetak Atoll.

[Aktungbby]

^ worse. 1922: Richmond, Va., May 12 - "With a detonation that was heard forty miles away, a meteor appeared to fall to earth some distance north of Lawrenceville, near Blackstone, Virginia at about 11:15 last (night), according to reports reaching here. The phenomenon was said to have rocked the earth not unlike an earthquake, shaking houses and awakening residents of Lawrenceville. The countryside for miles around, it was said, was lighted up as bright as midday, and the meteor emitted a swishing sound as it hurled through space.
Reports reaching Norfolk said the meteor exploded with a force that shook houses and broke windows in and around that community. The flash of the meteor was plainly seen at Norfolk, 100 miles each way of where it is estimated to have fallen." Estimated at 20 tons; There were no reports of injuries. LUCKY VIRGINIANS!
Considering the recent 2/15/ 2013 similar incident; The Chelyabinsk meteor: was a superbolide (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolide#Superbolide). On account of its high velocity and shallow angle of atmospheric entry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_entry), the object exploded in an airburst over Chelyabinsk Oblast (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelyabinsk_Oblast), at a height of around 29.7 km (18.4 miles, 97,400 feet. The explosion generated a bright flash, producing a hot cloud of dust and gas that penetrated to 26.2 km, and many surviving small fragmentary meteorites, as well as a large shock wave. The bulk of the object's energy was absorbed by the atmosphere, with a total kinetic energy before atmospheric impact equivalent to approximately 500 kilotons of TNT, 20–30 times more energy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy) than was released from the Hiroshima bomb. This meteor was estimated at 12,000 metric tons/20 meters in diameter.:hmmm: 1500 people were injured..http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%D0%92%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82% D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D 0%B4_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1 %81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_15_02_2013_avi-iCawTYPtehk.ogv/250px--%D0%92%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82% D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D 0%B4_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1 %81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_15_02_2013_avi-iCawTYPtehk.ogv.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1787 - Arthur Phillip sets sails with 11 ships of criminals to Botany Bay, Australia.

1940 - Winston Churchill says I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears & sweat.

[Jimbuna]

1787 - Delegates gather in Philadelphia to draw up US constitution.

1796 - English country doctor Edward Jenner administered the first inoculation against smallpox, using cowpox pus, in Berkeley, Gloucestershire.

[Harvs]

On this day in 1973 the space station SKYLAB was launched.

[Rockstar]

on this day May 14th 1678 it was Saturday.

[Jimbuna]

1492 - Cheese & Bread rebellion: German mercenaries kill 232 residents of Alkmaar, Netherlands.

[Aktungbby]

1930; Registered nurse Ellen Church becomes the first airline stewardess on board the Oakland CA flight to Chicago for Boeing Air transport in a calculated effort to make commercial flight 'look' safer!http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c1/Captain_Ellen_Church.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Captain_Ellen_Church.jpg) 1940: Dupont began selling nylon stockings nationally.http://cmsimg.delawareonline.com/apps/pbcsi.dll/bilde?Site=BL&Date=20080318&Category=NEWS12&ArtNo=803180318&Ref=AR&MaxW=300&Border=0&DuPont-shaped-good-legs AND: the first McDonald's Restaurant opened in San Bernardino.http://aht.seriouseats.com/images/20090202-mcd-exterior1.jpg This mysteriously all came to weird fruition some 37 years later in my beloved '76 Honda CVCC (with McPhearson strut suspension):O: .....
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/36/11/f7/3611f7889e977e791b15633af1cf6823.jpg
My first wheels! I replaced everything on it at least once in 400,000 miles!:salute:
when my fan belt died on a trek to the damned inlaws. Nonplussed, I McIvered a pair of my 'first lady's' panty hose onto the pullys and limped it for a hundred miles. We pulled into McDonald's enroute-feeding the first lady is vital on long treks (and McD's generally has acceptable( to fussy ladies:O:) rest rooms to boot). Whereupon, she fulfilled her Church-like stewardess function and administered coffee and french-fries to me, as needed, behind the wheel as I drove down the road. (There were no fancy cupholder consoles in them-thar dazs):03:ACHTUNG: Impromtu McIver style first-aid in the good old days: Get's you home again!http://cdn.instructables.com/FTS/3KOJ/F341W43F/FTS3KOJF341W43F.MEDIUM.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1943 - -17th] Operation Chastise - the Dambusters Raid; 617 Squadron RAF bombs Möhne & Eder dams (Ruhr valley) with bouncing bombs.

[Catfish]

1943 - -17th] Operation Chastise - the Dambusters Raid; 617 Squadron RAF bombs Möhne & Eder dams (Ruhr valley) with bouncing bombs.

Errm.. no. :03:

[Sailor Steve]

Errm.. no. :03:
Please elaborate.

[Aktungbby]

1943 - -17th] Operation Chastise - the Dambusters Raid; 617 Squadron RAF bombs Möhne & Eder dams (Ruhr valley) with bouncing bombs.

Errm.. no. :03:

Please elaborate.
ERRRM JA! 1984: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/96/Thedambustersgame.PNGa timeless classic-not sure about the plane on the picture though! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGy9wJI5ogs (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGy9wJI5ogs):rock: :woot: :/\\k: An improvement: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/10059848/Flying-the-Dambusters-mission-video-game-demonstrates-pilots-skill.html (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/10059848/Flying-the-Dambusters-mission-video-game-demonstrates-pilots-skill.html)

[BossMark]

1756-The seven years war the first truly 'global' conflict - erupts as Britain declares war on France.

1865-Thomas Cook begins conducted tours to the continent - the first overseas 'package holiday'.

1900-The British garrison at Mafeking, South Africa, under Robert Baden-Powell, is relieved after a Boer siege of 215 days.

[Jimbuna]

Errm.. no. :03:

Please elaborate.

Attack on Ruhr Dams by aircraft of 617 Squadron on the night of 16-17 May 1943

http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/bombercommanddambusters21march1943.cfm

[Jimbuna]

1944 - General Eisenhower sets D-Day for June 5th.

[Jimbuna]

1917 - First units of the American Expeditionary Force, commanded by General John J. Pershing, are ordered to France.

[Aktungbby]

1953: Jacqueline Cochran become the first woman to break the sound barrier in a F-86 Sabre over Rogers Dry Lake California. In June, 1941 Cochran became the first woman to fly a bomber across the North Atlantic. In July, 1943 Cochran was appointed to the General Staff of the U.S. Army Air Forces to direct all phases of the Women Air Force Service Pilots (WASP) program. In 1945 Jacqueline Cochran received the U.S. Distinguished Service Medal. Calling her line of cosmetics Wings, she flew her own aircraft around the country promoting her products. The 'right stuff' chats with Chuck Yeagerhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Cochrane_with_Yeager.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Jacqueline_Cochran_standing_on_the_wing_of_her_air craft.jpgWorth a read: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran)

[Jimbuna]

1568 - English Queen Elizabeth I arrests Scottish Queen Mary.

1941 - Germany occupiers in Holland forbid bicycle taxis.

1989 - Sue Ellen (Linda Gray) last appearance on Dallas.

[lesrae]

On a submarine note, HMS TIRELESS arrived in Gibraltar 15 years ago today for her now famous reactor weld repair: http://www.gibnet.com/library/tire01.htm

[Aktungbby]

On a submarine note,

http://www.subsim.com/radioroom/image.php?u=213231&dateline=1431604099&type=profile ^Thanks Lesrae! for that post! On a ROYAL NAVY NAVY note: Henry VIII judicially executes his second wife Anne Boleyn for high treason on this date in 1536. Henry is traditionally cited as one of the founders of the Royal Navy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy) Technologically, Henry invested in large cannon for his warships, Henry was also responsible for the creation of a permanent navy, with the supporting anchorages and dockyards. Tactically, Henry's reign saw the Navy move away from boarding tactics to employ gunnery instead. The Navy was enlarged up to fifty ships and Henry was responsible for the establishment of the "council for marine causes" to specifically oversee all the maintenance and operation of the Navy, becoming the basis for the later Admiralty (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty). ASEA in the bedroom perhaps (five wives?) but astute on the waves it seems...:hmmm:

[Jimbuna]

1873 - Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis patent first blue jeans with copper rivets.

1927 - Saudi Arabia becomes independent of Great Britain (Treaty of Jedda).

[Catfish]

Please elaborate.

Sorry for being late :oops:

I just wanted to say that this mission "operation chastise" was not a real success, there were six targets in all, only two were "destroyed", or better damaged.

Nor was it entirely directed against the Ruhr valley. The Moehne dam was damaged, but failed to influence the Ruhr production (several dams downstream saw for that, the Eder dam had no link at all with the Ruhr valley, and the rest of the dams (4) were not damaged.
Drinking water support was already up in june, the dams completely rebuilt in september.

Harris had protested against this mission, however some others saw it as a nice propaganda coup and worth the effort.

The raid proved to be costly in lives (more than half the lives lost belonging to Allied POWs and forced-labourers), but was no more than a minor inconvenience to the Ruhr's industrial output. 53 of the 133 soldiers were killed during the mission, three bailed out and were captured.
From the 20 Lancaster bombers, eight were shot down or crashed, some others did not reach the target or had to return.

The value of the bombing can perhaps best be seen as a boost to British morale.
But then, the other strategic bombing on civilian targets had not much influence on the war production either, and it did not "break the will" as intended.

[ABBAFAN]

19 may 1845. The Franklin expedition sails from Greenhithe in Kent for the northwest passage. Two bomb vessels HMS Erebus and HMS Terror with 134 men.


21 may 1982 the British landings at San Carlos in the Falkands begin the liberation of the islands. HMS Ardent sunk by bombs.

[Jimbuna]

1932 - 1st transatlantic solo flight by a woman (Amelia Earhart) lands in Ireland.

2004 - Stanislav Petrov awarded World Citizen Award for averting a potential nuclear war in 1983 after correctly guessing Russian early warning system at fault.

[Aktungbby]

1941:SS Robin Moor, a Hog Islander (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hog_Islander)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2a/SS_Robin_Moor.jpg steamship that sailed under the American flag is stopped and sunk by U-69, the first type VIIC boat in the Kreigsmarine, 750 miles west of the British-controlled port of Freetown, Sierra Leone (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freetown,_Sierra_Leone). "Although the Robin Moor was flying the flag of a neutral country, her mate (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_mate) was told by the U-boat crew that they had decided to "let us have it." After a brief period for the ship's crew and passengers to board her four lifeboats, the U-boat fired a torpedo at the rudder and then shelled the vacated ship at the bridge. Once the ship was scuttled beneath the waves, the submarine's crew pulled up to Captain W.E. Myers' lifeboat, left him with four tins of ersatz bread and two tins of butter, and explained that the ship had been sunk by her own crew because she was carrying supplies to Germany's enemy." nearly two weeks passed before any of her four lifeboats of survivors were discovered. As President Roosevelt would later state in a message to Congress regarding the sinking, the survivors were "accidentally discovered and rescued by friendly vessels." [wiki] The lifeboat containing the captain and 10 others was rescued on 8 June after 18 days, and taken to Brazil. The occupants of that boat presumed that the remaining crew and passengers were lost, but they later learned that the three lifeboats containing the others had been discovered by chance on 13 June, two days after the sinking, and taken to South Africa. Remarkably, all of the crew and passengers were rescued. The political ramifications edged a resolute but crafty FDR closer to the inevitable: The State Department then required Germany and Italy to close all of their consulates in the United States except for their embassies, prompting Germany to issue the same directive to the United States in return.:doh: The US also demanded damages and reparations from Germany, without success....reportedly, 70% of the vessel's cargo met German and British requirement as war contraband.:hmmm: http://www.uboataces.com/emblems/69.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c1/Vache_qui_rit.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vache_qui_rit.png)THe U-69 had two emblems; one depicting the flag signal L M A "mich im Arsche lecken" :O:and the other after a French ad: U-69 was first assigned to 7th Flotilla and the crew were instructed to paint Günther Prien (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Prien)'s snorting bull insignia on the U-boat's conning tower. No illustration was enclosed, so U-69‍ '​s First Watch Officer, Oblt.z.See Auffermann instructed a shipyard worker to copy the head which appeared on the packaging of a popular French dairy product instead. This 'naturally proved to be a source of great amusement''. U-69's first commander Jost Metzler>http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/Jost_Metzler1.jpg/220px-Jost_Metzler1.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jost_Metzler1.jpg) published a memoir The Laughing Cow in 1954. Lord knows, I love my U boat emblems...and the stories behind them:smug: :arrgh!:

[Jimbuna]

1826 - HMS Beagle departs on its first voyage.

1931 - Canned rattlesnake meat first goes on sale in Florida.

1933 - Loch Ness Monster is first reportedly sighted by John Mackay.

[Aktungbby]

1968: USS Scorpion is sunk with 99 crewmen 400 miles SW of the Azores. It was one of four mysterious submarine disappearances in 1968; the others being the Israeli submarine INS Dakar (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INS_Dakar), the French submarine Minerve (S647) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_submarine_Minerve_(S647)) and the Soviet submarine K-129 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_submarine_K-129_(1960)). "
The cause of the sub's loss remains hotly disputed. A Navy Court of Inquiry found "the cause of the loss cannot be definitively ascertained."
"The families of those 99 men are still out there, and they want to know what happened," says former U.S. naval officer Paul Boyne, who presented a new mechanical explanation for the loss of the sub at a recent marine forensics symposium outside Washington.
Calls for an expedition to the sub's wreck, saying it might put to rest a multitude of theories about the Scorpion's demise — ranging from a covert Soviet attack to a torpedo self-firing into the ship to a faulty trash disposal, have not been forthcoming.
Evidence for a more mundane explanation comes from the sub's propeller shaft; Undersea photographs show it rests about 20 yards outside the wreck on the seafloor, about 11,220 feet underwater. Rubber bearings holding the propeller shaft failed, putting stress on the coupling connecting it to the engine. The coupling's bolts failed catastrophically during a deep test dive, the theory goes, spilling water into the sub too rapidly to allow ballast maneuvers to raise the ship to the surface." Of some interest ...until we get down there for a 'definitive' look...http://www.historynet.com/the-uss-scorpion-buried-at-sea.htm (http://www.historynet.com/the-uss-scorpion-buried-at-sea.htm) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/USS_Scorpion_%28SSN-589%29%3BU136658.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1701 - Captain William Kidd is hanged in London after being convicted of piracy and of murdering William Moore.

[Aktungbby]

1939: the USS Squalus sinks off the New Hampshire coast. Squalus sank during a test dive on 23 May 1939. She was raised, renamed, and recommissioned on 15 May 1940 as USS Sailfish. Failure of the main induction valve caused the flooding of the aft torpedo room, both engine rooms, and the crew's quarters, drowning 26 men immediately. Quick action by the crew prevented the other compartments from flooding. Squalus bottomed in 243 ft (74 m) of water.
Squalus was initially located by her sister ship, Sculpin (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Sculpin_(SS-191)). The two submarines were able to communicate using a telephone marker buoy until the cable parted. Divers from the sub rescue ship Falcon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Falcon_(AM-28)) began rescue operations under the direction of the salvage and rescue expert Lt Cmdr Momsen, using the new McCann Rescue Chamber (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCann_Rescue_Chamber).http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/USNHC_-_NH_97291.jpg/200px-USNHC_-_NH_97291.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USNHC_-_NH_97291.jpg) The navy authorities felt it important to raise her as she incorporated a succession of new design features. With a thorough investigation of why she sank, more confidence could be placed in the new construction, or alteration of existing designs could be undertaken when cheapest and most efficient to do so. Furthermore, given similar previous accidents in Sturgeon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Sturgeon_(SS-187)) and Snapper (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Snapper_(SS-185)) (indeed, in S-5 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_S-5_(SS-110)), as far back as 1920), it was necessary to determine a cause. Proving worthy of her salvage as the recommisioned USS Sailfish, she went on to win nine battle stars and a Presidential unit citation in a twelve patrol wartime carrer. Sailors are understanbly superstitious: During the Pacific War (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_War), the captain of the renamed ship issued standing orders if any man on the boat said the word "Squalus", he was to be marooned at the next port of call. This led to crew members referring to their vessel as "Squailfish". That went over almost as well; a court martial (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_martial) was threatened for anyone heard using it . Given the numerous arduous depth chargings of a long combat career that she survived, such logic was unassailable.:-? http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/SS-192salvage.jpg USS Sailfish in drydock after salvage. [wiki]

[Jimbuna]

1844 - Samuel Morse taps out "What hath God wrought" (1st telegraph message).

1941 - Bismarck sinks British battle cruiser HMS Hood; 1,416 die, 3 survive.

[Jimbuna]

1986 - 30,000,000 people watch "Live Aid", a benefit concert for the Ethiopian famine.

[Jimbuna]

1907 - John Wayne [Marion Mitchell Morrison], Winterset IA, actor (Green Berets, True Grit) is born.

1927 - Henry Ford and the Ford Motor Company produce the last (and 15th million) Model T Ford / Tin Lizzie.

1982 - British ship Atlantic Conveyor carrying Chinook helicopters & destroyer HMS Coventry were hit in Falkland war: 39 crew members died.

[Jimbuna]

1940 - British & French begin evacuation of Dunkirk (Operation Dynamo) during WWII.

1941 - German battleship Bismarck sunk by British naval force.

[Aktungbby]

1937; the newly completed bridge is opened connecting San Francisco to marin county on Highway 101. Just drove it last night..always fabulous. And sometimes downright stunning http://i1.wp.com/gcaptain.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/USS-IOWA-under-Golden-Gate-lower-res1.jpg?resize=625%2C472http://i0.wp.com/gcaptain.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/7288022978_ebae8a6615_z.jpg?resize=625%2C416I was present on this occasion: http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/120526102709-battleship-iowa-bridge-story-top.jpgAnd for a lot of Civil War reenactments/campout overnights in old Fort Point right underneath: Kudos to the bridge builder/designer who knew the historic value of the fort and built an arch into the bridge design to protect the 1860 fort! http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Fort_Point_Light%2C_U.S._Highway_101%2C_San_Franci sco_%28San_Francisco_County%2C_California%29.jpg Just to be able to drive into the city on the newly completed innovative desgn Bay Bridge(toll) and out on the Golden Gate(toll-free direction) every other night is a real joy...during non commute hours-otherwise it's rated the worst commute in the nation! :-?http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge-_New_and_Old_bridges.jpg/1024px-San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge-_New_and_Old_bridges.jpgThe old Bay Bridge; still being taken down in sections as the new bridge assumes the duty!

[Jimbuna]

1431 - Joan of Arc accused of relapsing back into heresy by donning male clothing again, providing justification for her execution.

1936 - Alan Turing submits "On Computable Numbers" for publication, in which he set out the theoretical basis for modern computers.

1972 - White House "plumbers" break into Democratic Natlional HQ at Watergate.

[Aktungbby]

1937: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt pushes a button( actually a telegraph key) in Washington to signal vehicular traffic could begin crossing the Golden Gate Bridge. Today's presidents live with a whole lot more buttons to push!:hmmm: The toll was .50 cents; It's $6.00 now inbound. It was from 1937 to 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world, until, the building of the 60-foot longer Verrazano Narrows Suspension Bridge in New York City. The Golden Gate Bridge is now the world's ninth longest. In any case it was a major naval exercise: In addition to a flight over the Bridge by 500 planes from Navy aircraft carriers Ranger, Lexington and Saratoga and battleships 60 miles out at sea...The arrival of the United States Fleet Fleet – 42 ships in total. Ten capital ships were lead by the USS Pennsylvania, followed by the California, West Virginia, Texas, Maryland, Nevada, Idaho, New Mexico, Mississippi, and Colorado. Heavy cruisers included the Indianapolis, Houston, Northampton, Pensacola, Salt Lake City, Louisville, Portland, Minneapolis, New Orleans, Astoria, San Francisco, Tuscaloosa, and Quincy. Light cruisers included the Concord, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Trenton, Richmond, Memphis, and Detroit.:salute: One thing's for sure; crossing is never boring..10/9/2014's Fleet Week.http://o.aolcdn.com/hss/storage/midas/353e0be49c31505408664e0733c1a588/200953300/DSC02392.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1953 - Edmund Hillary (NZ) and Tenzing Norgay (Nepal) are first to reach the summit of Mount Everest as part of a British Expedition.

[Aktungbby]

^Well, George, we knocked the bastard off. That climb had long lasting and pleasant far reaching effects: Sir Edmund Hillary, knighted by a young Queen Elizabeth, proved 'worthy of his spurs' for the many decades of his life in public service and philanthropy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Hillary (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Hillary)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/The_Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_Edmund_Hillary.png/220px-The_Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_Edmund_Hillary.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_Edmund_Hillary.png) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7c/Nz5d.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nz5d.jpg)The view from the top; taken by Hillary; http://img.timeinc.net/time/photoessays/2008/everest/everest_08.jpg (http://content.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1702756_1516368,00.html)

[Kptlt. Neuerburg]

May 29, 1910 pioneer aviator Glenn Curtiss completes the first true cross-country flight from Albany to Manhattan, NY, a distance of 150 miles. Curtiss was going for the $10,000 dollar prize put up by the publisher of the newspaper New York World who was none other then Joseph Pulitzer. Curtiss flew for a total of 2 hours and 30 minutes with an average speed of 54 miles per hour.

[Jimbuna]

1431 - Hundred Years' War: in Rouen, France, 19-year-old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English-dominated tribunal.

1539 - Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto discovers Florida.

[Aktungbby]

1814: With Ol Boney, 'less able ere he saw Elba',https://i0.wp.com/blogs.smithsonianmag.com/history/files/2013/02/Napoleon-depicted-at-Longwood.jpg The Treaty of Paris, is signed on 30 May 1814; ending the war between France and the Sixth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars, It established peace between France and the United Kingdom (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland), Russia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia), Austria (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria), and Prussia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia), and was also signed by Portugal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal) and Sweden (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden). Spain (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain) signed later in July. The treaty reduced France to her 1792 borders and restored the independence of her neighbors after Napoleon Bonaparte's defeat. [wiki] Alas! The devil will get loose for a hundred days and a Second Treaty of Paris required after Ol Boney "meets his Waterloo' in 1815. This time, the Little Corporal will be made even less able on St. Helena, a barren rock in the South Atlantic. http://sainthelenaisland.info/napoleonhumour.jpg And it doesn't stop there! Enter into history a brazen English smuggler, double-agent and saboteur: Tom Johnston in consort (possibly) with inventor Robert Fulton's Submarine design: http://sainthelenaisland.info/napoleonsubmarine_thumb500x281.jpg (http://sainthelenaisland.info/napoleonsubmarine.jpg)https://allkindsofhistory.wordpress.com/2013/03/09/a-secret-plot-to-rescue-napoleon-by-submarine/ (https://allkindsofhistory.wordpress.com/2013/03/09/a-secret-plot-to-rescue-napoleon-by-submarine/) Johnston definitely had a submarine. Clearly one of history's might-have-beens but 'Ol Boney had died beforehand in 1821...fortunately!:yep:

[Jimbuna]

70 - Rome captures 1st wall of the city of Jerusalem.

[Jimbuna]

1967 - Beatles release Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band in US & goes gold

[Aktungbby]

1933: In a bizarre scene captured by news photographers, Lya Graf, a female circus dwarf, sat in the lap of financier J.P. Morgan Jr. during a recess of a Senate hearing on the stock market crash of 1929. https://uschs.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/20100113_morgancircus_250x375.jpgMs Graf, one of Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, “little people” known as The Dancing Dolls. also a circus press agent, was met cordially by the witness, financier and stock mogul J.P. Morgan Jr..." Although he was initially startled, Morgan was genial and rose and shook her hand. Naturally, the photographers were stepping all over each other to get a picture of the exchange. Morgan apparently laughed and had a brief exchange with the demure lady, in which he told her he had a grandchild bigger than she. It has since gone down as one of the more bizarre meetings to ever take place in any Senate meeting room…that we know about at least." With the unscheduled photo-op over, Lya and sister were on their merry way to do more sight-seeing." For J.P. Morgan, his image as a curmudgeon was effectively ended. Sadly, Ms Graf returned two years later to Germany. Her true name was Margaret Furthmann. Lya was half-Jewish. Dwarves in Hitler's Germany were tolerated if show-people. But a midget Jew was something else - showperson or not.The Furthmann family were sent to a concentration camp. Many surmise it was to Poland at Auschwitz/Birkenau but that camp was not established till 1940. It is more likely they were taken to Germany's camps of Dachau or Buchenwald where Lya would have perished of malnourishment and forced labor. 1943: Famed actor, Leslie Howard,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leslie_Howard.jpg/220px-Leslie_Howard.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Leslie_Howard.jpg) Jewish on both sides of the family tree, is killed when his civilian aircraft, A Douglas DC-3, with 17 people, is shot down en route from Portugal to England by German fighter aircraft. Howard's activities in WWII had included acting and filmmaking. He was active and effective in anti-German propaganda and reputedly involved with British or Allied Intelligence, which may have led to his death over the Bay of Biscay (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay), sparking conspiracy theories regarding his death. The potential aircraft shoot down may have been known in advance but kept secret to avoid tipping off the breach of the Enigma decoding to the Germans. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Howard_(actor (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Howard_(actor))

[Jimbuna]

1953 - Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in Westminster Abbey, London.

[Jimbuna]

1989 - Beginning of the Tiananmen Square Massacre as Chinese troops open fire on pro-democracy supporters in Beijing.

[Jimbuna]

1940 - British complete the "miracle of Dunkirk" by evacuating 300,000 allies troops from France.

(Well done Dad)

[Aktungbby]

1783: the Montgolfier brothers demonstrate their hot air balloon over Ammonay Francehttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Early_flight_02562u_%282%29.jpg/640px-Early_flight_02562u_%282%29.jpg 1784:Opera star Elisbeth Thible becomes the first woman to fly in an untetherd Montgolfier balloon over Lyon, France.
Monsieur Fleurant ( the pilot) originally planned to fly the balloon with Count Jean-Baptiste de Laurencin, but the count, having suffered a near calamity-fire-on a previous flight- Chivalrously gave his position on The Gustave to Élisabeth Thible, a celebrated opera star of the time. When the balloon left the ground, Thible, dressed as the Roman goddess Minerva (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerva),(goddess of wisdom?!!:-?) and Fleurant sang two duets from Monsigny (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsigny)'s La Belle Arsène (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Belle_Ars%C3%A8ne), The flight lasted 45 minutes, covered four kilometres and achieved an estimated height of 1,500 meters. It was witnessed by King Gustave III of Sweden, in whose honor the balloon was named. During the bumpy landing, Thible turned an ankle as the basket hit the ground. She was credited by Fleurent with the success of the flight; both because she fed the balloon's fire box en route :up: and by exhibiting her remarkable courage.[wiki] Proof of Yogi Berra's (among others) adage: "It ain't over 'till the fat lady sings!" http://lowres.cartoonstock.com/marriage-relationships-opera_singer-opera-opera_singers-breakup-break_up-bwhn1155_low.jpg:doh:

[Jimbuna]

1944 - 1st British gliders touched down on French soil for D-Day invasion.

1944 - German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel goes on leave just before WWII D-Day landings by the Allies.

1944 - General Eisenhower decides invasion set for June 6.

[Rockstar]

https://greatspeeches.wordpress.com/2008/09/30/pattons-speech-to-the-third-army-june-5th-1944/

Patton’s speech to the Third Army – June 5th, 1944

Patton’s speech to the Third Army Somewhere in England, June 5th, 1944.
“Be seated.” Men, this stuff that some sources sling around about America wanting out of this war, not wanting to fight, is a crock of bull****. Americans love to fight, traditionally. All real Americans love the sting and clash of battle.
You are here today for three reasons. First, because you are here to defend your homes and your loved ones. Second, you are here for your own self respect, because you would not want to be anywhere else. Third, you are here because you are real men and all real men like to fight. When you, here, every one of you, were kids, you all admired the champion marble player, the fastest runner, the toughest boxer, the big league ball players, and the All-American football players. Americans love a winner. Americans will not tolerate a loser. Americans despise cowards. Americans play to win all of the time. I wouldn’t give a hoot in hell for a man who lost and laughed. That’s why Americans have never lost nor will ever lose a war; for the very idea of losing is hateful to an American.
You are not all going to die. Only two percent of you right here today would die in a major battle. Death must not be feared. Death, in time, comes to all men. Yes, every man is scared in his first battle. If he says he’s not, he’s a liar. Some men are cowards but they fight the same as the brave men or they get the hell slammed out of them watching men fight who are just as scared as they are. The real hero is the man who fights even though he is scared. Some men get over their fright in a minute under fire. For some, it takes an hour. For some, it takes days. But a real man will never let his fear of death overpower his honor, his sense of duty to his country, and his innate manhood. Battle is the most magnificent competition in which a human being can indulge. It brings out all that is best and it removes all that is base. Americans pride themselves on being He Men and they ARE He Men.
Remember that the enemy is just as frightened as you are, and probably more so. They are not supermen. All through your Army careers, you men have bitched about what you call “chicken **** drilling.” That, like everything else in this Army, has a definite purpose. That purpose is alertness. Alertness must be bred into every soldier. I don’t give a **** for a man who’s not always on his toes.
You men are veterans or you wouldn’t be here. You are ready for what’s to come. A man must be alert at all times if he expects to stay alive. If you’re not alert, sometime, a German son-of-an-*******-bitch is going to sneak up behind you and beat you to death with a sock full of ****! There are four hundred neatly marked graves somewhere in Sicily, all because one man went to sleep on the job. But they are German graves, because we caught the bastard asleep before they did.
An Army is a team. It lives, sleeps, eats, and fights as a team. This individual heroic stuff is pure horse ****. The bilious bastards who write that kind of stuff for the Saturday Evening Post don’t know any more about real fighting under fire than they know about ****ing! We have the finest food, the finest equipment, the best spirit, and the best men in the world. Why, by God, I actually pity those poor sons-of-bitches we’re going up against. By God, I do. My men don’t surrender, and I don’t want to hear of any soldier under my command being captured unless he has been hit. Even if you are hit, you can still fight back. That’s not just bull **** either. The kind of man that I want in my command is just like the lieutenant in Libya, who, with a Luger against his chest, jerked off his helmet, swept the gun aside with one hand, and busted the hell out of the Kraut with his helmet. Then he jumped on the gun and went out and killed another German before they knew what the hell was coming off. And, all of that time, this man had a bullet through a lung. There was a real man! ...

[Jimbuna]

1944 - Operation Neptune, D-Day: 150,000 Allied Expeditionary Force lands in Normandy, France in WWII.

[Aktungbby]

Rule one of warfare: Never be in the first wave...Later, many of the men of the Big Red One would say that Capa was insane to go in with the first wave of the invasion when he did not have to. http://www.magnumphotos.com/C.aspx?VP3=SearchResult&ALID=29YL535ZXX00 (http://www.magnumphotos.com/C.aspx?VP3=SearchResult&ALID=29YL535ZXX00) http://mediastore4.magnumphotos.com/CoreXDoc/MAG/Media/TR2/f/2/7/2/PAR121453.jpgEven out of focus...still the most eloquent shot of chaos on the beach...plan A is now...plan B! The total time Capa spent on Omaha Beach was approximately 90 minutes; But he lived up to his own billing: If your pictures aren't good enough your not close enough... I held my camera over my head. . . . I stepped into the sea between two bodies . . . and suddenly I knew I was running away,” Capa wrote. As he reached a medical transport boat, he felt an explosion and found himself covered with feathers from the down jackets of the men who had just been blown apart. As the boat pulled back from the beach, the skipper cried; his assistant had literally been exploded all over him. !!! pics or it didn't happen!

[Jimbuna]

1944 - Claus von Stauffenberg meets Hitler.

[Jimbuna]

793 - Vikings plunder St Cuthbert's monestary on Lindisfarne.

1969 - General Franco closes Spain's frontier with Gibraltar.

[Aktungbby]

Monday, 8 June 632 : the prophet Muhammad dies at Medina at the age of 62 or 63, in the house of his wife Aisha. With his head resting on Aisha's lap, he asked her to dispose of his last worldly goods... (seven coins) When bin Saud (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saud_bin_Abdul-Aziz_bin_Muhammad_bin_Saud) took Medina in 1805, Muhammad's tomb was stripped of its gold and jewel ornaments. Adherents to Wahhabism (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism), bin Sauds' followers destroyed nearly every tomb dome in Medina in order to prevent their veneration, and the one of Muhammad is said to have narrowly escaped. Similar events took place in 1925 when the Saudi militias (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhwan) retook—and this time managed to keep—the city In the Wahhabi interpretation of Islam, burial is to take place in unmarked graves.Although frowned upon by the Saudis, many pilgrims continue to practice a ziyarat (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziyarat)—a ritual visit—to the tomb. Although banned by the Saudis, the first photos from inside of the tomb of Muhammad and his daughter's (Fatemeh) house were published in October 2012 demonstrating a very simple construction, decorated in green. [wiki]

[BossMark]

1934 - Donald Duck made his début in the Silly Symphonies cartoon "The Wise Little Hen."

1940 - Norway surrendered to the Nazis during World War II.

1945 - Japanese Premier Kantaro Suzuki declared that Japan would fight to the last rather than accept unconditional surrender.

[Jimbuna]

1977 - Silver jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain celebrated with fireworks.

1997 - British lease on New Territories in Hong Kong expires.

[Jimbuna]

1985 - Coca Cola announces they'd bring back their 99-year-old formula.

1994 - China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor, PRC.

[Aktungbby]

1942: German forces massacre 173 residents of the village of Lidice Czechaslovakia in retaliation for the assassination of Reichsprotektor (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsprotektor) :shifty: Reinhard Heydrich in his car.
All together, about 340 people from Lidice died because of the German reprisal (192 men, 60 women and 88 children). Only 153 women and 17 children returned after the war. All the animals in the village—pets and work animals—were slaughtered as well. Even those buried in the town cemetery were not spared. Their remains were dug up and destroyed.
The small Czech village of Ležáky (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C5%BE%C3%A1ky) was also destroyed two weeks after Lidice. Gestapo agents found a radio transmitter there of an underground team who parachuted in with assassination agents, Kubiš and Gabčík. There both men and women of the village were shot, and the children were sent to concentration camps or Aryanized (adopted if genetically suitable?!) . The death toll resulting from the effort to avenge the death of Heydrich is estimated at over 1,300. This count includes relatives of the partisans, their supporters, Czech elites suspected of disloyalty and random victims like those from Lidice. Only 153 women and 17 children returned after the war.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Memorial_lidice_children_%282007%29-commons.JPG/800px-Memorial_lidice_children_%282007%29-commons.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidice (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidice) 1944: (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidice) German forces of the 2nd SS Panzer Division ("Das Reich") (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Division_Das_Reich) massacre 642 residents of the French village of Oradour-sur-Glane in reprisal for the murder by French partisans of Sturmbannführer Hhelmut Kämpfe-(Knight's Cross). Ordered to hold 30 people hostage, the battalion commander who exceeded his orders, and most of the battalion, died in the Battle of Normandy. Civilians including six non-residents unluckily passing through are shot or burned alive in the church and barns. An escaping American flier, B-17 navigator Raymond Murphy, who came upon the aftermath files his statement in London: "About 3 weeks ago, I saw a town within 4 hours bicycle ride up [sic] the Gerbeau farm [of Resistance leader Camille Gerbeau] where some 500 men, women, and children had been murdered by the Germans. I saw one baby who had been crucified." Even the German high command (Rommel) protested the excess slaughter. The village is never rebuilt as a memorial under orders of President Charles de Gualle. It stands "as is" to this day in memory of the murdered. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Oradour-sur-Glane-Church-1275.jpg/800px-Oradour-sur-Glane-Church-1275.jpgthe church at Oradour-sur-Glane http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oradour-sur-Glane (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oradour-sur-Glane) Bottom line: the price of one Reichsprotektor or one Sturmbannfuhrer is steep...

[Jimbuna]

1776 - Continental Congress creates committee (Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston) to draft a Declaration of Independence.

1987 - Margaret Thatcher is 1st British PM in 160 years to win 3rd consecutive term.

[Jimbuna]

1942 - Anne Frank gets her diary as a birthday present (Amsterdam).

1964 - Nelson Mandela is sentenced to life in prison in South Africa.

[Jimbuna]

1956 - After 72 years, Britain gives up Suez Canal to Egyptian control.

[Aktungbby]

1935: Movie Becky Sharp, set against the battle of Waterloo opens in New York. This is a landmark flick utilizing and photographed in "three strip" Technicolor for the first time! https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/Beckysharp1935.jpg/220px-Beckysharp1935.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beckysharp1935.jpg)Recently restored: https://www.cinema.ucla.edu/restoration/becky-sharp-restoration (https://www.cinema.ucla.edu/restoration/becky-sharp-restoration) JUST FOR FANS:woot:;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=op0q9TyTN2k (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=op0q9TyTN2k) 1957: the good ship Mayflower II arrives at Plymouth Mass after a two month journey. More recently; the full-scale replica of the original Mayflower, made her journey from Plymouth, Mass. to Mystic, Conn. on December 14, 2014 to begin a total and badly needed drydock refit & survey so insure her fitness as a working, sailing piece of critical Anglo-American history. http://www.mysticseaport.org/wp-content/uploads/d2014-12-0293_1-640x426.jpghttp://www.mysticseaport.org/wp-content/uploads/d2014-12-0411-315x472.jpgAnd home again to her home port owners: Plimouth Plaantation as of May 21, 2015 http://www.connecticutmag.com/Blog/History/December-2014/The-Mayflower-IIs-Unlikely-Journey-to-Mystic-Seaport/MayflowerIIcourtseyplimothplantation.jpg:DThe photo "speaks for itself" methinks!!!:salute:

[Jimbuna]

1982 - Argentina surrenders to Britain on Falkland Is, ends 74-day conflict.

[Jimbuna]

1940 - World War II: France surrenders to Germany, German troops occupy Paris.

[Jimbuna]

1880 - Salvation Army forms in London.

[Torvald Von Mansee]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ligny

[Aktungbby]

^ GOOD STUFF! An overview of the whole mess, culminating in Waterloo... ol' Boney should have stayed 'retired' on Elba: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/we-better-off-napoleon-never-lost-waterloo-180955298/ (http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/we-better-off-napoleon-never-lost-waterloo-180955298/) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Waterloo_Campaign_map-alt3.svg/640px-Waterloo_Campaign_map-alt3.svg.png

[Jimbuna]

1631 - Mumtaz Mahal dies during childbirth. Her husband, Mughal emperor Shah Jahan I, then spends more than 20 years building her tomb, the Taj Mahal.

[Jimbuna]

1815 - Battle of Waterloo; Napoleon and France defeated by British forces under Wellington and Prussian troops under Blucher.

1928 - American aviator Amelia Earhart becomes the 1st woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean landing at Burry Port, Wales.

1940 - Winston Churchill's "this was their finest hour" speech urging perseverance during Battle of Britain delivered to British House of Commons.

[Jimbuna]

1588 - Spanish Armada heavily destroyed in storm at Coruna.

1829 - Robert Peel founds the London Metropolitan Police (Bobbies).

[Aktungbby]

1864:The Confederate sloop of war, CSS Alabama, is sunk in a one-on-one ship duel with the sloop of war, USS Kearsarge off Cherbourg, France. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Captain_Raphael_Semmes_and_First_Lieutenant_John_K ell_aboard_CSS_Alabama_1863.jpgCommander Raphael Semmes aboard CSS Alabama. The battle as depicted by Édouard Manet: Sloop to Sloop?:shucks: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%C3%89douard_Manet-Kearsarge-Alabama2.jpg/640px-%C3%89douard_Manet-Kearsarge-Alabama2.jpgpics or it didn't happen:rock:A whole lotta shootn' here: According to witnesses, British built CSS Alabama fired 370 rounds averaging one round per minute per gun, a very fast rate of fire, while USS Kearsarge‍ '​s gun crews fired less than half that many, taking more careful aim. During the confusion of battle, five more rounds were fired at Alabama after her colors were struck. (Her gun ports had been left open and the broadside cannon were still run out, appearing to come to bear on Kearsarge.) Then a hand-held white flag came fluttering from Alabama‍ '​s stern spanker boom, finally halting the engagement. Prior to this, she had her steering gear compromised by shell hits, but the fatal shot came later when one of Kearsarge‍ '​s 11-inch (280 mm) shells tore open a midsection of Alabama‍ '​s starboard waterline. Water quickly rushed through the defeated cruiser, eventually drowning her boilers and forcing her down by the stern to the bottom. As Alabama sank, the injured Semmes threw his sword into the sea, depriving Kearsage's commander Captain John Ancrum Winslow of the traditional surrender ceremony of having it handed over to him as victor. Kearsarge rescued the majority of the survivors, but 41 of Alabama‍ '​s officers and crew, including Semmes, were rescued by John Lancaster's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lancaster_(MP)) private British steam yacht Deerhound, while the Kearsarge stood off to recover her rescue boats as the Alabama sank. Captain Winslow was forced to stand by helplessly and watch Deerhound spirit away to England his much sought-after adversary, Captain Semmes, and his surviving shipmates. [wiki]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Winslow_with_officers.jpg/800px-Winslow_with_officers.jpg Captain Winslow (third from left) with officers shortly after sinking the Alabama.

[Jimbuna]

1837 - Queen Victoria at 18 ascends British throne following death of uncle King William IV. She ruled for 63 years ending in 1901.

1840 - Samuel Morse patents his telegraph.

1941 - German U-203 fails on torpedo attack on US battleship Texas.

[Jimbuna]

1919 - The German Navy, feeling betrayed by the terms of the Versailles Treaty, scuttles most of its ships interned at Great Britain's Scapa Flow Naval base in the Orkney Islands.

[Aktungbby]

1611: English explorer Henry Hudson, his son and several other people are is set adrift in Hudson's Bay by mutineers aboard his ship Discovery; His fate is still unknown.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Last_Voyage_Of_Henry_Hudson.jpg/640px-Last_Voyage_Of_Henry_Hudson.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1675 - Royal Greenwich Observatory established in England by Charles II.

[BossMark]

1944-In one of the largest air strikes of the war, the U.S. Fifteenth Air Force sends 761 bombers against the oil refineries at Ploesti, Romania.

1952-The U.S. Air Force bombs power plants on Yalu River, Korea.

[Jimbuna]

1974 - 1st extraterrestrial message sent from Earth into space.

[Aktungbby]

1314: During the First War of Scottish Independence the two-day battle of Bannockburn takes place. Exceptionally long for a medieval battle, Robert the Bruce is victorious over Edward II who flees the field. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Battle_from_Holkham_Bible.jpg/640px-Battle_from_Holkham_Bible.jpg A complete rout following the departure of the king: Out of 16,000 infantrymen, this would give a total of about 11,000 killed. The English chronicler Thomas Walsingham (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Walsingham) gave the number of English men-at-arms who were killed as 700, while 500 more men-at-arms (nobles)were spared for ransom. The Scottish losses appear to have been comparatively light, with only two knights among those killed.
It's arguable whether the Battle of Bannockburn settled all that much.
Despite the outcome, Robert the Bruce had to wait another 14 years for the king's son, Edward III, to recognize him as the rightful king of an independent Scotland...he then died the next year.

[Jimbuna]

1509 - Henry VIII is crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey.

1812 - Napoleon Bonaparte's forces invade Russia crossing the Neman River.

2012 - Female athletes will be allowed to compete for Saudi Arabia at the Olympics for the first time.

[Jimbuna]

1876 - Battle of the Little Bighorn: 7th Cavalry under Lieutenant Colonel (sometime Brevet Major General) George Armstrong Custer wiped out by Sioux and Cheyenne, Custer killed.

1950 - Korean conflict begins; North Korea invades South Korea.

[Aktungbby]

Considering that Custer's 1874 Black Hills expedition-with regimental band and photography wagon-https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Wagon_train_passing_through_Castle_Creek_valley%2C _by_Illingworth%2C_W._H._%28William_H.%29%2C_1842-1893.jpg/1280px-Wagon_train_passing_through_Castle_Creek_valley%2C _by_Illingworth%2C_W._H._%28William_H.%29%2C_1842-1893.jpg and the discovery that some of the largest gold deposits in America were there; coupled with President Grant's option to murder native Americans in violation of treaty to lessen an economic depression, all led to the Gibbon/ Terry/Crook invasion of Sioux territory culminating in the the Battles of the Rosebud(Crook) and Little Bighorn(Custer's regiment of Terry's advance). This poster sold (and is available in reprint) more Budweiser beer than there was gold in them-thar hills. imho!) Besides not bringing the Gatling guns, Lt.Col. Custer also didn't have the 7th Cavalry's famous band or the photography wagon with him on the 1876 expedition to the Little Big Horn- the slowdown from added baggage might have saved his life....:hmmm:)http://imgzoom.cdlib.org/Converter?id=/13030/kx/tf0x0nb3kx/files/tf0x0nb3kx-z1.jp2&s=0.12849922239502331&r=0&x=0&y=0&w=844&h=660Custer was probably doomed from a week before when Gen Crook's column was turned back at the Rosebud, 6/17, by a strong and determined large force of Sioux led by Crazy Horse. Crook did not report this defeat, or his decision to halt and return to his base at Ft Fetterman, to the other two columns of Terry and Gibbon. The Native American forces were better armed and certainly in practice with a new fighting style in massive force when Custer arrived a week later...:dead: The Terry/Gibbon column would unite and arrive two days later to bury the dead and turn reality into legend to cover the ineptitude of the generalship. The big plan gone awry:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Custermovements.jpg

[nikimcbee]

1876 - Battle of the Little Bighorn: 7th Cavalry under Lieutenant Colonel (sometime Brevet Major General) George Armstrong Custer wiped out by Sioux and Cheyenne, Custer killed.

.

Just for Ol George:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaPk9yYWQcM

That is a depressing/miserable battlefield.

[Aktungbby]

What really happened at he Little Big Horn! (it's U-Cranks Birthday):O: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWGAdzn5_KU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWGAdzn5_KU) actually filmed near TLBH At his prior victory at the massacre of peaceful Arapaho and Cheyanne on the Washeta, 1868, "Custer did have the regimental band during the attack. As soon as "Charge!" was played the band did strike up "Gary Owen." But unlike Hollywood portrayals, the band played only halfway through the first stanza. The instruments froze up because of the bitter cold. Latter in the day when the command left the village area, the band played "I Will Be Glad to Get Out of the Wilderness". Major Elliot and his small scouting command were massacred on that occasion by Indians rushing from encampments all along the Washta.. Nine years later at TLBH, Ol' George, making several of the same mistakes as at the Washeta, became his own Major Elliot and had no band to give a toot! That is a depressing/miserable battlefield. Indeed!

[Jimbuna]

Just for Ol George:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaPk9yYWQcM

That is a depressing/miserable battlefield.

Most fitting Anze :salute:

I'll make your day Jason and let the typo stand :)

[Jimbuna]

1857 - The first 62 recipients are awarded the Victoria Cross for valour in the Crimean war by Queen Victoria.

[Jimbuna]

1950 - North Koreans troop reach Seoul, UN asks members to aid South Korea, Harry Truman orders Air Force & Navy into Korean conflict.

1967 - The world's first ATM is installed in Enfield, London.

[Jimbuna]

1838 - Coronation of Queen Victoria in Westminster Abbey, London.

1914 - Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophie are assassinated in Sarajevo by young Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip at 10.45, the casus belli of WWI.

1919 - Treaty of Versailles, ending WW I and establishing the League of Nations, is signed in France.

[Jimbuna]

1940 - Batman Comics, mobsters rubbed out a circus highwire team known as the Flying Graysons, leaving their son Dick (Robin) an orphan.

[Aktungbby]

1990: Dave Stewart and Fernando Valenzuela pitch two 'no-hitter' baseball games on the same day a feat accomplished only one other time in professional baseball (1898). Thirty minutes before the Dodgers faced the St. Louis Cardinals , Fernando Valenzuela noticed on a clubhouse television set that Oakland pitcher Dave Stewart had thrown a no-hitter in Toronto. Fernando turned to some teammates and he said, 'That's great, now maybe we'll see another no-hitter,' Valenzuela then pitched as well as he predicted, throwing the first no-hitter of his career in a 6-0 victory.
It was the first (and only) time in the modern baseball era that two no-hitters have been pitched on the same day. ''Fernando even said after watching it on TV, he said there might be another one tonight,'' Tommy Lasorda, the Dodgers' manager, said. ''So that was a pretty good prediction.'' It was a joke, Valenzuela insisted. ''Yeah,'' Lasorda said, ''but it happened.'' :yep:

[Jimbuna]

1934 - "Night of Long Knives" - Hitler stages bloody purge of Nazi party.

[Jimbuna]

1921 - The Communist Party of China is founded.

[Aktungbby]

1912: Harriet Quimby,https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/Harriet_Quimby_054.png/220px-Harriet_Quimby_054.png (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Harriet_Quimby_054.png) the first woman to fly the English Channel in 1912, an first licensed woman pilot in the US( lic. # 37) is killed along with her passenger at the Third Annual Boston Aviation Meet. William Willard, the organizer of the event, was a passenger in her brand-new two-seat?? Bleriot (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%A9riot_XI) monoplane (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoplane). At an altitude of 1,500 feet (460 m) the aircraft unexpectedly pitched forward for reasons still unknown. Then the unbelievable and horrifying occurred. Willard was seen to hurtle clear over the nose of the plane, followed a second or two later by Quimby. Both plunged into the muddy river 1,000 feet below which, with the tide out, was barely three or four feet. deep. Death was instantaneous. Ironically, the plane recovered from its dive, crash-landed in the river and, tripped by its landing gear, flipped upside down with only minor damage. It was intact enough for a thorough inspection of its controls. Both Willard and Quimby were ejected from their seats and fell to their deaths, while the plane "glided down and lodged itself in the mud".
Harriet Quimby was buried in the in the Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valhalla,_New_York) New Yorkhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Harriet_quimby.jpg http://www.historynet.com/harriet-quimby-first-licensed-us-woman-pilot.htm (http://www.historynet.com/harriet-quimby-first-licensed-us-woman-pilot.htm)

[Jimbuna]

1940 - Hitler orders invasion of Britain (Operation Sealion).

[Jimbuna]

1943 - Liberator bombers sink U-628.

[Aktungbby]

1775; General George Washington assumes command of the Continental army at Cambridge Massachusetts:http://ep.yimg.com/ca/I/framingfox_2269_348687173 1863: Pickett's Charge is repulsed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania due in no small part to George Armstrong Custer throwing his Michigan Brigade headlong Into J.E.B. Stuart's entire Cavalry Command "the Invincibles" sent to reinforce the Confederate infantry in a rear attack on the Union position..."Come on! you Wolverines!"http://www.historicalimagebank.com/gallery/d/430-2/Come_On_You_Wolverines.jpgNeither cavalry foe slowed, in fact they accelerated when engagement was imminent. The smashing of men and horses into each other at full speed resulted in many horses being upended and many Troopers, from both sides, were killed or injured by them. During the melee General Custer had his second horse of the day shot out from under him. Custer knew the Rebel advance had to be stopped at all costs. He didn’t order his men into a known high casualty fight. He LED them. The best day of his career IMHO.

[Jimbuna]

1776 - US Congress proclaims the Declaration of Independence and independence from Britain.

[Aktungbby]

A mere formality!:up: http://www.aoc.gov/sites/default/files/styles/artwork-node/public/images/artwork/6237379495_eee5364219_b.jpg?itok=NwBG_lVqhttp://www.bostonteapartyship.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/don-troiani-lexington-green-19th-of-april-1775.jpg

[Aktungbby]

1535: Sir Thomas More is executed for high treason.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger_-_Sir_Thomas_More_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger_-_Sir_Thomas_More_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hans_Holbein,_the_Younger_-_Sir_Thomas_More_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg)When he came to mount the steps to the scaffold, he is widely quoted as saying (to the officials): "I pray you, I pray you, Mr Lieutenant, see me safe up and for my coming down, I can shift for myself"; while on the scaffold he declared that he died "the king's good servant, but God's first." THE epitome of in-your-face Kool IMHO!:salute: Another comment he is believed to have made to the executioner is that his beard was completely innocent of any crime, and did not deserve the axe; he then positioned his beard so that it would not be harmed. He was buried at the Tower of London, in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St_Peter_ad_Vincula) in an unmarked grave...not far from Anne Boleyn! His head was fixed upon a pike over London Bridge for a month, according to the normal custom for traitors. His daughter Margaret Roper rescued it, possibly by bribery, before it could be thrown in the Thames River. It is believed to be in the Roper family Crypt. A Man for All Seasons, Saint, and Man of many parts! https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sir_Thomas_More_family%27s_vault_in_St_Dunstan%27s _Church_%28Canterbury%29.jpg/150px-Sir_Thomas_More_family%27s_vault_in_St_Dunstan%27s _Church_%28Canterbury%29.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Thomas_More_family%27s_vault_in_St_Dunsta n%27s_Church_(Canterbury).jpg)

[Jimbuna]

1919 - British R-34 lands in NY, 1st airship to cross Atlantic (108 hr).

1942 - Anne Frank's family goes into hiding in After House, Amsterdam.

[Jimbuna]

2005 - Coordinated terrorist bomb blasts strike London's public transport system during the morning rush hour killing 52 and injuring 700.

[Jimbuna]

1988 - Stevie Wonder announces he will run for mayor of Detroit in 1992.

1994 - Preliminary trial rules there is enough evidence to try OJ Simpson.

2011 - Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched in the final mission of the U.S. Space Shuttle program.

[Aktungbby]

1965: Sonny and Cher's "I got you Babe" is released;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fb/SonnyAndCherIGotYouBabeFrench7InchSingleCover.jpg 1995: Jerry Garcia performs for the last time at Chicago's Soldier Field with the Grateful Dead...Any DEADHEADS out there? the last concert: https://archive.org/details/gd1995-07-09.schoeps.wklitz.95444.flac1648 (https://archive.org/details/gd1995-07-09.schoeps.wklitz.95444.flac1648) http://www.dead.net/sites/default/files/banners/081227955984_coverbestof_0.jpg (http://www.dead.net/store/50th-anniversary-shop/best-grateful-dead-cd?intcmp=home/bigbanner6)

[Jimbuna]

1940 - Battle of Britain begins as Nazi forces attacked shipping convoys in English Channel.

1985 - French agents blow up Greenpeace boat Rainbow Warrior in Auckland harbour, New Zealand.

1991 - Boris Yeltsin sworn in as 1st elected president of Russian Federation.

[Aktungbby]

In January 2006, then French President Jacques Chirac threatened to use nuclear weapons against any country that carried out a state-sponsored terrorist attack against it . During his missile-rattling defence of a €3 billion-a-year nuclear strike force, Chirac said the target was not “fanatical terrorists”, but states that used “terrorist means” or “weapons of mass destruction” against France. The irony seemed lost on him that the only example of state- backed terrorism (Sinking the Rainbow Warrior) against New Zealand, codenamed Operation Satanic, had been committed bythe French secret service on July 10, 1985. French authorities initially covered up the attack witha litany of lies and hypocrisyEven a French act of state- sponsored terrorism has not stopped the good work...http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/greenpeace/2010/Quarterly/Quarterly_2010_2.web.pdf (http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/greenpeace/2010/Quarterly/Quarterly_2010_2.web.pdf) Weirdly, in light of our own intrusion into Pakistan(technically a 'friendly ally') to kill Osama Bin Laden:" It is incontrovertible that this bombing was an extraordinary event in the history of New Zealand, and even internationally. It involved covert criminal activity by the security forces of one state on a friendly state’s territory, and against the friendly state’s interest. It is an event that has been, and will remain, important in New Zealand’s history. http://www.academia.edu/1416895/The_Rainbow_Warrior_bombers_media_and_the_judiciar y (http://www.academia.edu/1416895/The_Rainbow_Warrior_bombers_media_and_the_judiciar y) On the nature of "functional immunity" by agents of a sovereign state: https://thenewinternationallaw.wordpress.com/tag/rainbow-warrior-affair/ (https://thenewinternationallaw.wordpress.com/tag/rainbow-warrior-affair/) :hmmm:

[Jimbuna]

1812 - US invades Canada (Detroit frontier).

1915 - German cruiser Königsberg sinks off Dar-es-Salam.

[Jimbuna]

1913 - 150,000 Ulstermen gather and resolve to resist Irish Home Rule by force of arms; since the British Liberals have promised the Irish nationalists Home Rule, civil war appears imminent.

1943 - WWII: Battle of Prokhorovka - Russians defeat German forces in one of the largest ever tank battles.

1957 - US Surgeon Gen Leroy Burney connects smoking with lung cancer.

[Jimbuna]

1772 - Captain James Cook begins 2nd voyage aboard the Resolution to the South Seas to search for Terra Australis (Southern continent).

1832 - Source of Mississippi River discovered (Henry R Schoolcraft).

1930 - 1st-ever soccer World Cup competition began in Uruguay.

1943 - Greatest tank battle in history ends with Russia's defeat of Germany at Kursk, almost 6,000 tanks take part, 2,900 were lost by Germany.

1985 - "Live Aid" concert raises over $70 million for African famine relief.

[Aktungbby]

1793 Rub-a-dub-dubbing his chronic Eczema in an oatmeal bath, French Montagnard radical revolutionary Jean Paul Marat's revolution is OVER! He is murdered by Charlotte Corday, a Girondist.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Charlotte_Corday.PNG/200px-Charlotte_Corday.PNG (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charlotte_Corday.PNG) She is sent to the Guillotine four days later, a heroine in the eyes of oppressed French women. Many political Girondists were executed en-masse by the Montagnards in the Terror during the Revolution. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Death_of_Marat_by_David.jpg/800px-Death_of_Marat_by_David.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1789 - Bastille Day-French Revolution begins with the fall of Bastille.

[Jimbuna]

1963 - Paul McCartney is fined £17 for speeding.

1973 - Ray Davies, announces retirement from Kinks then attempts suicide.

[Jimbuna]

180 - 6 inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians. Earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.

1936 - Spanish generals Francisco Franco and Emilio Mola lead a right-wing uprising, starting the Spanish Civil War.

[Aktungbby]

1944: 320 men, 2/3 of them African-Americans, are killed, and 390 more injured, when two ammunition ships explode at Port Chicago Naval Magazine in san Francisco Bay California. The holds were being packed with 4,600 tons of explosives–bombs, depth charges and ammunition. Another 400 tons of explosives were nearby on rail cars. The explosion cast a 'mushroom style' cloud 18,000 feet into the air. The pilot of a plane flying at 9,000 feet in the area claimed that metal chunks from the explosion flew past him. The blasts were felt as far away as Nevada and the resulting damage extended as far as San Francisco
A month later, continuing unsafe conditions inspired hundreds of servicemen to refuse to load munitions, an act known as the Port Chicago Mutiny. Fifty men—called the "Port Chicago 50"—were convicted of mutiny and sentenced to long prison terms. Forty-seven of the 50 were released in January 1946; the remaining three served additional months in prison. The NAACP had given the mutiny trial top importance due to the U.S. Navy's policy of putting Negroes into dirty and dangerous jobs with no hope of advancement.
There was no system at Port Chicago for making sure officers and men were familiar with safety regulations. Two formal lectures and several informal lectures were given to the enlisted men by commanding officers, but follow-up confirmation of retained knowledge did not take place.
The enlisted men were leery of working with deadly explosives but were told by officers that the larger munitions were not active and could not explode—that they would be armed with their fuzes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuze) upon arrival at the combat theater. Handling of larger munitions, such as bombs and shells, involved using levers and crowbars from individual munitions with levers and crowbars from boxcars (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxcar), in which they were packed tightly with dunnage (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnage)—lifting the heavy, grease-coated cylinders, rolling them along the wooden pier, packing them into nets, lifting them by winch and boom (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boom_(sailing)#Other_boom_uses), lowering the bundle into the hold, then dropping individual munitions by hand a short distance into place. This series of actions was rough enough that damaged naval shells sometimes leaked identification dye from their ballistic caps. :doh:
Commander Paul B. Cronk, head of a Coast Guard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard) explosives-loading detail tasked with supervision of the working dock, warned the Navy that conditions were unsafe and ripe for disaster. The Navy refused to change its procedures and Cronk withdrew the detail.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Port_Chicago_disaster%2C_pier_diagram.jpgIn 1994, the Navy rejected a request by four California lawmakers to overturn the courts-martial decisions. The Navy found that racial inequities were responsible for the sailors' ammunition-loading assignments but that no prejudice occurred at the courts-martial. In the 1990s, Freddie Meeks, one of the few still alive among the group of 50, was urged to petition the President for apardon. Others of the Port Chicago 50 had refused to ask for a pardon, reasoning that a pardon is for guilty people receiving forgiveness; they continued to hold the position that they were not guilty of mutiny. Meeks pushed for a pardon as a way to get the story out, saying "I hope that all of America knows about it... it's something that's been in the closet for so long." In September 1999, the petition by Meeks was bolstered by 37 members of Congress including the U.S. representative for the district containing the disaster site. The 37 Congressmen sent a letter to President Clinton, and in December 1999 Clinton pardoned Meeks. [wiki] https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Portchicago.jpghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Portchicago2.jpgWell, I'll be sailing past this location later today ...in silence.

[Jimbuna]

64 - Great Fire of Rome begins under the Emperor Nero.

1925 - Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf (original title was the catchy "Four and a Half Years (of Struggle) Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice").

2012 - Kim Jong-un is officially appointed Supreme Leader of North Korea and given the rank of Marshal in the Korean People's Army.

[Jimbuna]

1941 - British PM Winston Churchill launched his "V for Victory" campaign.

[Jimbuna]

1881 - Sioux Indian Chief Sitting Bull, surrenders to US federal troops.

1969 - 1st men on the Moon, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin from Apollo 11.

1976 - US Viking 1 lands on Mars at Chryse Planitia, 1st Martian landing.

[Jimbuna]

1969 - Neil Armstrong steps on Moon at 2:56:15 AM (GMT).

[Jimbuna]

1967 - Jimi Hendrix quits as opening act of the Monkees' tour.

1975 - US House of Representives votes to restore citizenship to General Robert E. Lee.

1994 - OJ Simpson pleads "Absolutely 100% Not Guilty" of murder.

[Jimbuna]

1940 - "Blitz" all-night air raid by German bombers on London begins.

1943 - Battle of Kursk, USSR ends in Nazi defeat (6,000 tanks).

[Aktungbby]

1885: Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant) dies, age 63, at Wilton, New York. With his customary tenacity in spite of his throat cancer, he had just completed his autobiography Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant, Up to the Battle of Shiloh, I, as well as thousands of other citizens, believed that the rebellion against the Government would collapse suddenly and soon, if decisive victory could be gained over any of its armies… After Shiloh, I gave up all idea of saving the Union except by complete conquest… The Northern troops were never more cruel than the necessities of war required.A financial and literary success and required reading for any student of the Civil War...https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/US_Grant_in_1885.jpg/220px-US_Grant_in_1885.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Grant_in_1885.jpg)Grant's body was laid to rest in Riverside Park, first in a temporary tomb, and then—twelve years later, on April 17, 1897—in the General Grant National Memorial (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grant%27s_Tomb), also known as "Grant's Tomb". The tomb is the largest mausoleum in North America. Attendance at the New York funeral topped 1.5 million. Said Mark Twain: "I had been comparing the memoirs with Caesar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar)'s Commentaries (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar#Literary_works)... I was able to say in all sincerity, that the same high merits distinguished both books—clarity of statement, directness, simplicity, unpretentiousness, manifest truthfulness, fairness and justice toward friend and foe alike, soldierly candor and frankness, and soldierly avoidance of flowery speech. I placed the two books side by side upon the same high level, and I still think that they belonged there." https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/USA_grants_tomb.jpg/220px-USA_grants_tomb.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USA_grants_tomb.jpg) Lincoln on his game changing Commander: "He's the quietest little fellow you ever saw. He makes the least fuss of any man you ever knew. I believe he had been in this room a minute or so before I knew he was here. Grant is the first general I have had. You know how it's been with all the rest. As soon as I put a man in command of the army, they all wanted me to be the general. Now it isn't so with Grant. He hasn't told me what his plans are. I don't know and I don't want to know. I am glad to find a man who can go ahead without me. He doesn't ask impossibilities of me, and he's the first general I've had that didn't." [/QUOTE] Personal friend and West Point classmate, Confederate Lt. General James Longstreet... on hearing of Grant's promotion to Command of the Union armies: That man will fight us every day and every hour till the end of the war"

[Jimbuna]

1938 - Instant coffee invented.

1967 - Beatles sign a petition in Times to legalize marijuana.

[Aktungbby]

1915: On July 24, 1915 the SS Eastland rolled over while tied to a dock in the Chicago River. A total of 844 passengers and crew were killed in what was to become the largest loss of life from a single shipwreck on the Great LAkes.
Following the disaster, the Eastland was salvaged and sold to the United States Navy. After restorations and modifications the Eastland was designated as a gunboat (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunboat) and renamed the USS Wilmette. She was used primarily as a training vessel on the Great Lakes, and was scrapped following WW II. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Eastland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Eastland) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eastland_Postcard_-_View_of_Eastland_taken_from_south_side_of_river_s hortly_after_accident.png/1024px-Eastland_Postcard_-_View_of_Eastland_taken_from_south_side_of_river_s hortly_after_accident.png

[Jimbuna]

1603 - James VI of Scotland is crowned James I of English uniting kingdoms of England and Scotland.

1814 - George Stephenson introduced the 1st steam locomotive.

1943 - Benito Mussolini dismissed as Italian Premier and arrested on authority King Victor Emmanuel II.

1944 - World War II: Operation Spring - one of the bloodiest days for Canadians during the war: 18,444 casualties, including 5,021 killed.

1978 - Louise Brown, the world's first test tube baby is born at Oldham General Hospital England.

1997 - Scientists announce the first human stem cells to be cultured in a laboratory using tissue taken from aborted human embryos.

[Jimbuna]

1953 - Fidel Castro begins rebellion, the "26th of July Movement," against Fulgenico Batista's regime.

[Rhodes]

27 of July of 1940: "Eh... What's up, doc?" Bugs Bunny is officially born! Warner Bros. had already done cartoons (Merry Melodies) with a hare/bunny character before, but the final and official final drawing of the character was debuted in 1940, The Wild Hare cartoon.

Personal note, for me, it can not be better and sometimes craziest cartoons that the merry melodies/looney toons series.
http://www.subsim.com/radioroom/data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBxQTEhUUEhQUFRQVFBQUFBQUFRQUFRUUFBUWFhQUFR QYHCggGBolHBQVITEhJSkrLi4uFx8zODMsNygtLisBCgoKDg0O GxAQGiwkICQsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLC wsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLP/AABEIALEBHAMBEQACEQEDEQH/xAAbAAADAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAACAwQFBgEHAP/EAEMQAAIBAwEFBAYHBgUDBQAAAAECAwAEESEFEjFBUQYTYXEHI jKBkaEUQlKCscHRIzNicpLwFUNTouEkc7KDwtLi8f/EABoBAAMBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQABQb/xAAwEQADAAIBAwMDAwMEAwEAAAAAAQIDESEEEjETQVEyYXEFIk KBkbEUM6HwI1LRQ//aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8A+OgUh6Q+JKldDAXEmTgcB8zRidcsV8sEC nHSCFcOggKAxRFHmpVWhkh8sgQdWPAdPE1KZeR/Y5vRFqTk6mtKSS0gKfdhgUCqQQFAdIYqUrrQSmK2zUayaGSKTE qDLkDz4nyFR76p6lHPS8iX2gg9lS3idB+tOsFP6mL3/CEttCQ8N1fIfrmqrp4X3BumKa4kPF29xx+FOscL2R3bXyDvt9p v6jR7Z+F/Y7sZ6JHH12/qP613ZPwv7HdjGLeSD62fMA0jw437Hape41NpH6yA+I0P50j6Z fxZ3e15Q9J4357p6Np8+FTcZI+4yuWeTWldOYOiSSHFaJsAkrV Ng0ARREaAZaIjkZb3G7o2q/h5VPJj7uV5Jp9o+aLmOHI1OL1wx2SOtXTEaFkUwDwiiK0ARRJt 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[Aktungbby]

27 of July of 1940: "Eh... What's up, doc?" Bugs Bunny is officially born! Warner Bros. had already done cartoons (Merry Melodies) with a hare/bunny character before, but the final and official final drawing of the character was debuted in 1940, The Wild Hare cartoon.

Personal note, for me, it can not be better and sometimes craziest cartoons that the merry melodies/looney toons series.


:agree::sign_yeah: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0S0kJXm-lRs (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0S0kJXm-lRs) From which we derive the idiom??! http://www.waywordradio.org/wild-hair/ (http://www.waywordradio.org/wild-hair/) :D 1967: president Lyndon B. Johnson appoints the Kerner Commission to assess the causes of urban rioting...on the same day that black militant H. Rap Brown, author of his autobiography Die ******, Die, declares "Violence is as American as cherry pie!" H. Rap lived up to his idiom... Now Jamil Abdullah al-Amin, former Chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee), and from 1968 a member of the Black Panther Party (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panther_Party), he was heavily involved with organizations that espoused a Black Power (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Power) ideology. He is in Federal supermax prison for the murder of a police officer in 2002: life without parole-age 71.:up: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/H_Rap_Brown_-_USNWR.jpg/220px-H_Rap_Brown_-_USNWR.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:H_Rap_Brown_-_USNWR.jpg) One less wild hair on the loose; but it got his book republished.:down:

[Jimbuna]

1586 - Sir Walter Raleigh brings first tobacco to England from Virginia.

1866 - Atlantic telegraph cable successfully laid (1,686 miles long).

[Jimbuna]

1586 - Sir Thomas Harriot introduces potatoes to Europe on return to England.

1914 - Austria-Hungary decides against mediation and declares war on Serbia - first declaration of war of WWI.

2005 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army call an end to their thirty year long armed campaign in Northern Ireland.

[Jimbuna]

1921 - Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party.

1949 - Airlift in West-Germany to West-Berlin ends.

[BossMark]

1940-A bombing lull ends the first phase of the Battle of Britain.

1967-General William Westmoreland claims that he is winning the war in Vietnam, but needs more men.

2003-The last of the uniquely shaped "old style" Volkswagen Beetles rolls off the assembly line in Mexico.

[Jimbuna]

1869 - The Charles, considered the world’s first "oil tanker", departs from the United States headed for Europe with a bulk capacity of 7,000 barrels of oil.

1935 - 1st Penguin book is published, starting the paperback revolution.

1945 - Philippines Sea: US cruiser Indianapolis torpedoed/sinks, 880 die.

[Jimbuna]

30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.

1961 - Israel welcomes its 1,000,000th immigrant.

2007 - Operation Banner, the presence of the British Army in Northern Ireland, and longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end.

[Aktungbby]

1930: the radio show The Shadow makes its debut: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMlRpN8ANrU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMlRpN8ANrU)

[Jimbuna]

1086 - Results of the Domesday inquiry presented to William the Conqueror in Salisbury (the date of compilation and the Great Domesday are historically contestable).

1834 - Slavery abolished throughout the British Empire - Slavery Abolition Act 1833 comes into effect.

1958 - US atomic sub USS Nautilus 1st begins transit of North Pole "operation Sunshine".

[Jimbuna]

1776 - Formal signing of the US Declaration of Independence by 56 people.

1790 - 1st US census (population of 3,939,214; 697,624 are slaves) is conducted.

[Aktungbby]

1936: Jessie Owens wins the 100 meter sprint at the Berlin Olympics-taking the first of four gold medals...and putting a severe kink in the psyche of the 'master race'. ACTUALLY: Just before the competitions, Owens was visited in the Olympic village by Adi Dassler, the founder of the Adidas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adidas) athletic shoe company. He convinced Owens to use his Gebruder Dassler Schuhfabrik shoes...the first sponsorship for a male African-American athlete.:DOn reports that Hitler had deliberately avoided acknowledging his victories, and had refused to shake his hand, Owens said at the time: "Hitler had a certain time to come to the stadium and a certain time to leave. It happened he had to leave before the victory ceremony after the 100 meters. But before he left I was on my way to a broadcast and passed near his box. He waved at me and I waved back. I think it was bad taste to criticize the 'man of the hour' in another country." In a 2009 interview, Siegfried Mischner, a German journalist, claimed that Owens carried around a photograph in his wallet of the Führer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BChrer) shaking his hand before the latter left the stadium. Owens, who felt the newspapers of the day reported 'unfairly' on Hitler's attitude towards him, tried to get Mischner and his journalist colleagues to change the accepted version of history in the 1960s. Mischner claimed Owens showed him the photograph and told him: "That was one of my most beautiful moments." Mischner added "(the picture) was taken behind the honour stand and so not captured by the world's press. But I saw it, I saw him shaking Hitler's hand!" According to Mischner, "the predominating opinion in post-war Germany was that Hitler had ignored Owens, so we therefore decided not to report on the photo. The consensus was that Hitler had to continue to be painted in a bad light in relation to Owens." For some time, Mischner's assertion was not confirmed independently of his own account, and Mischner himself admitted in Mail Online (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_Online) that "All my colleagues are dead, Owens is dead. I thought this was the last chance to set the record straight. I have no idea where the photo is or even if it exists still." However, in 2014, Eric 'Winkle' Brown (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Brown_(pilot)), British fighter pilot and test pilot, Britain's most decorated living pilot, independently stated in a BBC (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC) documentary "I actually witnessed Hitler shaking hands with Jesse Owens and congratulating him on what he had achieved." Owens was allowed to travel with and stay in the same hotels in Germany as whites; Owens later said: "Hitler didn't snub me – it was our president who snubbed me. The president didn't even send me a telegram." A few months before his death, Owens had tried unsuccessfully to convince President Carter not to boycott the 1980 Olympics (to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan???!:huh:) He argued that the Olympic ideal was to be a time-out from war and above politics." [wiki] The athlete wouldn't be properly recognized until 1976, when President Gerald Ford awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G00630%2C_Sommerolympiade%2C_Siegerehrung_Weitspru ng.jpg/267px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G00630%2C_Sommerolympiade%2C_Siegerehrung_Weitspru ng.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G00630,_Sommerolympiade,_Siegerehrung_Weitsprung.j pg) Jesse Owens and the German athlete on the right, Luz Long, became friends during the Olympics. Luz Long gave tips to Jesse Owens that maybe saved the long-jump competition for him, and congratulated and embraced him after the win with the utmost sportsmanship They remained in correspondence until Long was killed in Sicily,1943, when the Allies invaded the island. Owens said: “It took a lot of courage for him to befriend me in front of Hitler. You can melt down all the medals and cups I have and they wouldn’t be a plating on the twenty-four karat friendship that I felt for Luz Long at that moment”. Jesse Owens won those gold medals wearing shoes given to him by Adolf “Adi” Dassler, the founder of Adidas who was also a Nazi. German shoemaker Adolf “Adi” Dassler didn’t view the Berlin Games as a vehicle for Nazi propaganda but as a chance to launch his humble athletic shoe business. He successfully lobbied not only German athletes, but Owens as well, to wear his personally handcrafted leather track shoes with extra long spikes. Hells bells! even I wear Adidas!:up:

[Jimbuna]

1914 - Germany invades Belgium & declares war on France in WW I.

1934 - Adolf Hitler merges the offices of chancellor and president, declaring himself "Führer" (leader).

[Jimbuna]

1944 - Anne Frank arrested in Amsterdam by German Security Police (Grüne Polizei) following a tip-off from an informer who was never identified.

[Jimbuna]

1305 - William Wallace, who led Scottish resistance to England, is captured by the English near Glasgow and transported to London for trial and execution.

1864 - US Civil War Battle of Mobile Bay won by the Union led by Rear Admiral Farragut with the cry "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!"

[Jimbuna]

1890 - At Auburn Prison, New York murderer William Kemmler becomes first person to be executed by electric chair.

1945 - Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima by the US B-29 Superfortress "Enola Gay".

1991 - Tim Berners-Lee releases files describing his idea for the World Wide Web. WWW debuts as a publicly available service on the Internet.

[Aktungbby]

1813: during the Venezuelan War of Independence forces led by Simon Bolívar recaptured Carácas from Spanish forces.http://www.dcmemorials.com/Img//0000001//00016_0010049399.jpgUN Plaza San Francisco 1825: Upper Peru becomes the autonomous Republic of Bolivia. Still no 'paz' in La Paz...https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Statueduchelahiguera.jpg/220px-Statueduchelahiguera.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statueduchelahiguera.jpg)'Ché Guevara's statue in La Higuera 1914: Austria Hungary declares war aginst Russia and Serbia declares war against Germany...http://www.dw.com/image/0,,17743913_303,00.jpglatest statue to Gavrilo Princip in Belgrade, 2015, still no peace in the Balkans after 100 years.

[BossMark]

1917-British pilot EH Dunning, the first to land an aircraft on a ship, is killed trying another landing.

1926-Britain's first motor racing grand prix is held at Brooklands, Surrey, and is won by the French team.

1964-US congress approves the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, increasing American military involvement in Vietnam.

[Jimbuna]

1914 - Lord Kitchener says "Your country needs you" poster spreads over UK.

1940 - Churchill recognizes De Gaulle's French government in exile.

[Aktungbby]

Jimbuna;2334506]1914 - Lord Kitchener says "Your country needs you" poster spreads over UK.
1782: George Washington creates the Order of the Purple Heart to recognize military merit. Three are awarded during the Revolution! After April 5, 1917, it is awarded for wounding or death in war...in the name of the President ie Commander-in-Chief.:salute: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Purpleheart.jpg/130px-Purpleheart.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Purpleheart.jpg)Above the heart appears a shield of the coat of arms of George Washington (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_Arms_of_George_Washington) (a white shield with two red bars and three red stars in chief) between sprays of green leaves. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Purpleh_back.jpg/125px-Purpleh_back.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Purpleh_back.jpg) 1789: the US War Department is established by Congress; the Purple Heart trail starts in earnest??! https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Purple_Heart_Trail_on_Interstate_35_IMG_1065_1.JPG/220px-Purple_Heart_Trail_on_Interstate_35_IMG_1065_1.JPG (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Purple_Heart_Trail_on_Interstate_35_IMG_1065_ 1.JPG)"Any tally of Purple Hearts is an estimate. Awards are often given during conflict; records aren't always exact" . The estimates are as follows:

World War I (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I): 320,518
World War II (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II): 1,076,245
Korean War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War): 118,650
Vietnam War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War): 351,794
Persian Gulf War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Gulf_War): 607
Afghanistan War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)): 7,027 (as of 5 June 2010) Iraq War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War): 35,321 (as of 5 June 2010)
1914 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Unclesamwantyou.jpg):https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kitchener-leete.jpg/220px-Kitchener-leete.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kitchener-leete.jpg) 1917:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Unclesamwantyou.jpg/220px-Unclesamwantyou.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Unclesamwantyou.jpg)No wonder they call the Atlantic an English speaking POND?!!!:hmmm: No IMHO about it!

[Jimbuna]

1786 - US Congress adopts silver dollar & decimal system of money.

1945 - USSR establishes a communist government in North Korea.

1974 - US President Richard Nixon announces he'll resign his office 12PM Aug 9.

[Jimbuna]

1898 - Rudolf Diesel of Germany patents the diesel internal combustion engine.

1945 - US drops 2nd atomic bomb "Fat Man" on Japan and destroys part of Nagasaki.

[Jimbuna]

1675 - King Charles II and John Flamsteed lay the foundation stone of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich.

[Jimbuna]

1945 - Allies refuse Japan's surrender offer to retain Emperor Hirohito.

[BossMark]

1812-British commander the Duke of Wellington occupies Madrid, Spain, forcing out Joseph Bonaparte.

1908-Henry Ford’s first Model T rolls off the assembly line.

1941- French Marshal Henri Philippe Petain announces full French collaboration with Nazi Germany.

[Jimbuna]

1851 - Isaac Singer patents sewing machine.

1981 - IBM introduces its first Personal Computer (PC & PC-DOS version 1.0).

[Aktungbby]

2015: Fifteen professional baseball games played on Tuesday 8/11/2015 (last night) are all won by their respective home teams. This is the first time in American baseball history this has happened!:k_confused: the closest the home teams have come was 12 wins more than a century ago, on May 23, 1914. The chances of this occurring are 1: 32,786! The 15 host teams -- the Blue Jays, Rays, Marlins, Mets, Indians, Cubs, Royals, White Sox, Twins, Cardinals, D-backs, Mariners, Padres, Dodgers and Giants -- outscored their visitors by an 80-32 margin, including four shutouts. Not to be outdone on the mound, Madison "Madbum" Bumgarner of the San Francisco Giants, and the leagues MVP, did it with grand style; pitching all nine innings-complete game-:huh:!!!, giving his weary bullpen the night off..they need it:O: and in the process, a club record: seven strike outs in a row (out of twelve) with no walks. That is the definition of 'living up to billing': In 2014, Bumgarner set a career high number of wins with 18 and won his third World Series as a Giant. Following one of the most dominant postseason and World Series pitching performances in modern MLB history, he was named the Most Valuable Player (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_Valuable_Player) of the 2014 World Series (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_World_Series), the 2014 Babe Ruth Award (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babe_Ruth_Award) winner, the 2014 Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Sportsman_of_the_Year), and the 2014 Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_Male_Athlete_of_the_Year). And his season ain't over yet!:ping: http://m.mlb.com/assets/images/4/5/6/142614456/cuts/bumgarner_ay39mrts_ve51a660.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1642 - Christiaan Huygens discovers Martian south polar cap.

[Aktungbby]

1960: the first two-way telephone conversation by satellite takes place with the help of ECHO I. Echo 1, launched on August 12, 1960, inflated to a diameter of 100 feet (30 metres). The satellite was placed in an almost circular orbit at an altitude of approximately 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometres). At this height it circled Earth every two hours. The first transmissions reflected off its surface were conducted between a terminal built by Bell Laboratories (http://www.britannica.com/topic/Bell-Laboratories) in Holmdel, New Jersey, and another terminal built by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Goldstone, California. Echo 1 was used for experimental telephone (http://www.britannica.com/technology/telephone), data, and facsimile transmissions. Signals were detected in Europe, although no messages were transmitted across the ocean. The satellite remained in orbit for almost eight years and was visible as a rapidly moving “star” in the evening skies. As per 'Lucky Jack' Aubrey in Master and Commander: " “That’s the future! What a fascinating modern age we live in.”)http://media-1.web.britannica.com/eb-media/33/129133-004-F5581F48.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1945 - V-J Day; Japan surrenders unconditionally to end WW II (also August 15 depending on time zone).

1947 - Pakistan gains independence from Great Britain.

1969 - The British Army deployed on the streets of Northern Ireland, marking the beginning of Operation Banner.

1980 - In Lenin Shipyard Gdansk Poland, 17,000 workers go on strike, beginning of the Solidarity movement.

[Jimbuna]

1620 - Mayflower sets sail from Southampton with 102 Pilgrims.

1947 - India gains independence from Great Britain, remains a dominion until 1950.

[Jimbuna]

1743 - Earliest boxing code of rules formulated in England (Jack Broughton).

2012 - Julian Assange, Wikileaks founder, is granted political asylum by Ecuador.

[Aktungbby]

1960: Britain cedes control of the crown colony of Cyprus. Chaos and civil war for two decades between Greek majority and Turkish minority Cypriots will be the result...http://www.lonelyplanet.com/cyprus/history (http://www.lonelyplanet.com/cyprus/history) Nobody minds a British Empire...it's when there ain't a British empire the 'troubles' really start: Ireland; India-Pakistan; Iraq-Arabia/Iran; Palestine-Israel; Hong Kong-China etc:/\\!!

[Jimbuna]

1903 - Joe Pulitzer donated $1 million to Columbia University & begins Pulitzer Prizes.

1945 - Koreas divided on 38th parallel with US occupying the southern area.

1998 - Monica Lewinsky scandal: US President Bill Clinton admits in taped testimony that he had an "improper physical relationship" with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. On the same day he admits before the nation that he "misled people" about his relationship.

[Aktungbby]

1998 - Monica Lewinsky scandal: US President Bill Clinton admits in taped testimony that he had an "improper physical relationship" with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. On the same day he admits before the nation that he "misled people" about his relationship.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Monica_lewinsky.jpg/220px-Monica_lewinsky.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monica_lewinsky.jpg)Monica has since gone on to greater things ... "...result of the scandal, Lewinsky gained worldwide celebrity status; she subsequently engaged in a variety of ventures including designing a line of handbags under her name, being an advertising spokesperson for a diet plan, working as a television personality, and then leaving the public spotlight to pursue a master's degree in psychology in London. In 2014 she returned to public view, discussing the scandal and speaking out against cyberbullying (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberbullying)." YOU GO GAL:rock: IMHO: We love scandalous women From Anne Boleyn to Camilla to Marilyn Monroe; they keep it....interesting:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piVKYMb4nzM:hmmm: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piVKYMb4nzM:hmmm:)http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1908008_1908007_1907944,00.html (http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1908008_1908007_1907944,00.html) Apologies: They left out Lady Hamilton ( Horatio Nelson) and Maria Countess Walewskahttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Maria_Walewska_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.PNG/220px-Maria_Walewska_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.PNG (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_Walewska_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.P NG)(Napoleon Bonaparte) both of whom were patriots!:arrgh!:

[BossMark]

1870-Prussian forces defeat the French at the Battle of Gravelotte during the Franco-Prussian War.

1914- Germany declares war on Russia while President Woodrow Wilson issues his Proclamation of Neutrality.

1939-The film The Wizard of Oz opens in New York City.

1942- Japan sends a crack army to Guadalcanal to repulse the U.S. Marines fighting there.

1943-The Royal Air Force Bomber Command completes the first major strike against the German missile development facility at Peenemunde.

[Jimbuna]

1940 - Battle of Britain - 'The hardest day": Luftwaffe attacks the RAF in largest ever air battle. 71 German aircraft shot down above England.

[BossMark]

1812-The USS Constitution earns the nickname "Old Ironsides" during the battle off Nova Scotia that saw her defeat the HMS Guerriere.

1914-The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) lands in France.

1934-38 million Germans vote to make Adolf Hitler the official successor to President von Hindenburg.

1942-A raid on Dieppe, France by British and Canadian commandos is repulsed by the German Army.

[Jimbuna]

1915 - British liner "SS Arabic" sunk by German submarine without warning leaving Liverpool for New York; killing 44. Creates diplomatic incident.

1919 - Afghanistan declares independence from UK.

1942 - WWII: General Paulus orders German 6th Army to conquer Stalingrad.

2010 - Operation Iraqi Freedom ends, with the last of the United States brigade combat teams crossing the border to Kuwait.

[Jimbuna]

1619 - 1st known African Americans (appox. 20) land at Jamestown Virginia aboard Dutch vessel then sold or traded into servitude for supplies.

1741 - Alaska first sighted by Danish explorer Vitus Bering at head of Russian expedition.

1940 - 1st Polish squadrons fight along allies in the Battle of Britain.

1940 - British PM Churchill says of Royal Air Force, "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few".

1944 - Gen de Gaulle returns to France.

[Aktungbby]

1865: President Andrew Johnson declares the Civil War is formally over.

[Jimbuna]

1945 - US President Harry Truman ends Lend-Lease programme.

1959 - Hawaii becomes 50th US state.

1976 - Operation Paul Bunyan at Panmunjeom, Korea.

[Aktungbby]

1831: Nat Turner leads a violent slave uprising in Virginia resulting in the deaths of 55 white people...Whites organized militias and called out regular troops to suppress the rising. In addition, mobs attacked blacks in the area killing an estimated total of 100-200, many not involved at all with the revolt. Turner was hanged on November 11 in Jerusalem, Virginia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem,_Virginia). Age 31; His body was flayed beheaded and quartered!! Turner received no formal burial; his headless remains were either buried unmarked or kept for scientific use. His skull is said to have passed through many hands, last being reported in the collection of a planned civil rights museum for Gary, Indiana (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary,_Indiana), despite calls for its burial. Beginning in February 1831, Turner interpreted certain atmospheric conditions as a sign to begin preparations for a rebellion against the slave owners. On February 11, 1831, an eclipse was seen in Virginia and Turner envisioned this as a 'black man's hand reaching over the sun. He initially planned the rebellion to begin on July 4, Independence Day (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)). Turner postponed it because of illness and to use the delay for additional planning and deliberation with his co-conspirators. On August 13 there was another solar eclipse in which the sun appeared bluish-green, possibly the result of lingering atmospheric debris from an eruption of Mount St. Helens (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_St._Helens). Turner interpreted this as the final signal, and about a week later, on August 21, he began the uprising. [wiki] http://www.cotf.edu/ete/images/modules/volcanoes/msh1_full.jpgMt St Helens. Martin Luther KING-1968: "Well, I don’t know what will happen now. We’ve got some difficult days ahead. But it doesn’t really matter with me now. Because I’ve been to the mountaintop. I don’t mind. Like anybody, I would like to live – a long life; longevity has its place. But I’m not concerned about that now. I just want to do God’s will." He too was assassinated...the day after uttering those words. Age 39. 1858: The first of seven debates begins between Abraham Lincoln and Stephan Douglas for the office of Senator, mostly on the ticking timebomb issue of slavery, at Ottowa, Illinois. Lincoln will lose the election ...but win the debate-war on January 1, 1863! AT Ottowa: " ... I hate it (slavery) because of the monstrous injustice of slavery itself. I hate it because it deprives our republican example of its just influence in the world—enables the enemies of free institutions, with plausibility, to taunt us as hypocrites—causes the real friends of freedom to doubt our sincerity, and especially because it forces so many really good men amongst ourselves into an open war with the very fundamental principles of civil liberty—criticizing the Declaration of Independence, and insisting that there is no right principle of action but self-interest." January 1,1863: http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3b50000/3b53000/3b53000/3b53030r.jpg Within 5 years, Lincoln does not just 'talk the talk'-he 'walks the walk'! He issues the Emancipation Proclamation.

[Jimbuna]

1642 - Civil War in England began between Royalists & Parliament.

1864 - First Geneva Convention adopted in Geneva "for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field".

1945 - Vietnam conflict begins as Ho Chi Minh leads a successful coup.

[Aktungbby]

1485: Henry Tudor defeats Richard III(recently reburied) at Bosworth. This victory establishes the Tudor dynasty in England and ends the War of the Roses. "a horse a horse...my kingdom for a horse" https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/73/Picture_of_Richard_III%27s_new_tomb.jpg/220px-Picture_of_Richard_III%27s_new_tomb.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Picture_of_Richard_III%27s_new_tomb.jpg)1642: Civil war in England begins as Charles I declares war on Parliament at Nottingham. Having entered Parliament' chambers to personally arrest 5 treasonous MP's who'd escaped, He declared: ""all my birds have flown". https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/DelarocheCromwell.jpg/200px-DelarocheCromwell.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DelarocheCromwell.jpg) 1922: Michael Collins, Irish politician, is killed in an ambush. "On several occasions Collins assured his advisors "they won't shoot me in my own county," or words to that effect.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Michael_Collins_body_lying_in_hospital.jpg/240px-Michael_Collins_body_lying_in_hospital.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_Collins_body_lying_in_hospital.jpg)

[Jimbuna]

1940 - German Luftwaffe begins night bombing on London.

1942 - Battle of Stalingrad: 600 Luftwaffe planes bomb Stalingrad (40,000 die).

1942 - World War II: The last cavalry charge in history takes place at Izbushensky.

[Jimbuna]

79 - Mt Vesuvius erupts, buries Pompeii & Herculaneum, 15,000 die.

1814 - British forces captured Washington, DC, & burned down many landmarks (War of 1812).

[Jimbuna]

1768 - Captain James Cook departs from Plymouth, England on his first voyage, on board the Endeavour, bound for the Pacific Ocean.

1944 - Paris liberated from Nazi occupation (Freedom Tuesday).

[Jimbuna]

1346 - Battle of Crécy, south of Calais in northern France; Edward III's English longbows defeat Philip VI's army, cannons used for first time in battle.

1944 - De Gaulle marches along the Champs-Elysees.

1945 - Japanese diplomats board USS Missouri to receive instructions on Japan's surrender at the end of WW II.

[BossMark]

1776-The Americans are defeated by the British at the Battle of Long Island, New York.

1813-The Allies defeat Napoleon at the Battle of Dresden.

1912-Edgar Rice Burrough’s Tarzan of the Apes first appears in a magazine.

1916-Italy declares war on Germany.

1941-The Prime Minister of Japan, Fumimaro Konoye, issues an invitation for a meeting with President Roosevelt.

1945-B-29 Superfortress bombers begin to drop supplies into Allied prisoner of war camps in China.

[Jimbuna]

1883 - Krakatoa, west of Java, explodes with a force of 1,300 megatons and kills approximately 40,000 people.

1979 - Warrenpoint ambush: 18 British Army soldiers were killed when the Provisional Irish Republican Army explode two roadside bombs as a British convoy passed Narrow Water Castle near Warrenpoint.

2008 - Barack Obama becomes the first African-American to be nominated by a major political party for President of the United States.

[Aktungbby]

1989: the first US commercial satellite rocket is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida a Dallas boster carrying a British communications satellite, the Marcopolo I . In July 1987 British Satellite Broadcasting Ltd. (BSB), a privately owned and operated company, selected Hughes Space and Communications Company, today known as Boeing Satellite Systems Inc., to design and build two Hughes HS-376 (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/hs-376.htm) satellites for the first television direct broadcast service (DBS) in the United Kingdom. Hughes would also build the telemetry and monitoring equipment for the ground station located in Southampton, and train BSB ground station personnel. Additionally, Hughes agreed to purchase and handle all aspects of the launch and insurance and to deliver the satellites only after they had been thoroughly tested in orbit. In an agreement that inaugurated the commercial launch industry in the United States, Hughes contracted with McDonnell Douglas to supply two Delta rockets. A Delta-4925 (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/delta-4925.htm) model boosted the first BSB satellite.
Key to the BSB direct broadcast scheme was having a satellite with enough power to be received by very small (35 cm/13.5 inch diameter), low-cost dishes, thereby making DBS both environmentally friendly and affordable for the public. Each satellite was equipped with three 110 watt channels. With a footprint that covered the United Kingdom, the satellites broadcast a mix of news, sports, current affairs, light entertainment, children's daytime TV, and a subscription nighttime movie channel.
The popular spin-stabilized HS-376 (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/hs-376.htm), spacecraft proved to be highly reliable and adaptable. It accommodated a wide range of customized payloads, as demonstrated by the versions ordered and built for a dozen customers on six continents...."Britannia rules the airwaves"??!! http://space.skyrocket.de/img_sat/marcopolo-1__2.jpg BSB ran into financial problems by the end of 1991 and merged with rival Sky Network. Marco Polo I was acquired in-orbit two years later by the Swedish company Nordiska Satellite. It operated as Sirius 1 until 2001 and was then renamed Sirius W. It was sent up to a higher, non-geosynchronous junk orbit in 2003.:dead: Talk about "absorbed by the smorgas-BORG" here!!??:/\\!!http://www.nationalmediamuseum.org.uk/globalmedia/nmem/101685_2.PNGBSB even had mints to munch while watching the telly:sunny:

[Jimbuna]

1609 - Henry Hudson, discovers & explores Delaware Bay.

1864 - The first Geneva Convention, governing rules of warfare, signed by 26 nations.

1963 - Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I have a dream speech" addressing civil rights march at Lincoln Memorial, Washington DC.

[Jimbuna]

1943 - Danish Navy scuttles its warships so as not to be taken by Germany.

1944 - 15,000 American troops liberating Paris march down Champs Elysees.

1945 - British liberate Hong Kong from Japan.

[Aktungbby]

1533: Atahualpa, (http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0805153.html) the last ruler of the Incas, (http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0825064.html) is judicially murdered as Francisco Pizarro completed his conquest of Peru. After several months in fear of an imminent attack from INCA general Rumiñahui (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi%C3%B1ahui_(Inca_warrior)), the outnumbered Spanish saw Atahualpa as too much of a liability and decided to execute him. Spanish justice: Pizarro staged a mock trial and found Atahualpa, a king in his own country?!, guilty of revolting against the Spanish, practicing idolatry, and murdering Huáscar, his brother (in the just ended Incan Civil War). Atahualpa was sentenced to death by burning. Since the Inca believed that the soul would not be able to go on to the afterlife if the body were burned: Having offerrred to fill filled a room with ransom gold to bribe Pizarro, and converted to Christianity, he is not burned at the stake, befitting a heathen, but simply garroted..."the quality of mercy is not strained..." ?? and his remains were given a Christian burial!:up: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Atahualpa%2C_Fourteenth_Inca%2C_1_of_14_Portraits _of_Inca_Kings_-_overall.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Atahualpa%2C_Fourteenth_Inca%2C_1_of_14_Portraits _of_Inca_Kings_-_overall.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Atahualpa,_Fourteenth_Inca,_1_of_14_Portraits_of_ Inca_Kings_-_overall.jpg) A little too quick with the garrote compadre: Inca general Rumiñahui, the real hero of it all and possibly a half-brother of the dead Atahualpa, was on his way to Cajamarca with an enormous amount of gold for the ransom when he learned that Atahualpa had been murdered. Accounts of the amount of gold involved varies in different versions of the legend, but all agree that on the news of Atahualpa's death, he sent the porters East to areas that are to the present day uninhabited and later returned to Quito (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quito) and hauled more treasures, including tiles of the temple of the Sun and possessions of the temple dancers. The treasure is assumed to had been hidden in a cave, or dumped into a lake. Rumiñahui continued fighting against the Spanish, and though he was eventually captured and tortured, but he never revealed the location of the treasure. The Treasure of the Llanganatis remains hidden to this day. A hero in present-day Ecuador, Rumiñahui got top 'billing' on 'sucre' notes before Ecuador simply converted to the dollar.:huh: Hardly the 'gold standard' IMHO:/\\!! https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/01000%2BSucres%2BBill%2BEcuador%2B1984.jpg/800px-01000%2BSucres%2BBill%2BEcuador%2B1984.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1146 - European leaders outlaw crossbow, intending to end war for all time.

1963 - Hotline communication link between Pentagon (Washington) and the Klemlin (Moscow) installed.

[Jimbuna]

1939 - Staged "Polish" assault on radio station in Gleiwitz.

1940 - 56 U-boats sunk this month (268,000 ton).

1994 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army declares a ceasefire.

1997 - Diana, Princess of Wales, dies in a car crash in a road tunnel, Paris.

[Jimbuna]

1939 - WW II starts, Germany invades Poland, takes Danzig.

1941 - Jews living in Germany are required to wear a yellow star of David.

1945 - Japan surrenders ending WW II (US date, 2nd September in Japan).

[Aktungbby]

1983: 269 people are killed when a Korean Airlines Boeing 747 is shot downby a Soviet jet fighter after entering Soviet airspace. "
The incident was one of the tensest moments of the Cold War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War) and resulted in an escalation of anti-Soviet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-communism) sentiment, particularly in the United States. The opposing points of view on the incident were never fully resolved. Consequently, several groups continue to dispute official reports and offer alternative theories of the event. The subsequent release of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 transcripts (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007_transcripts) and flight recorders by the Russian Federation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia)(8 years later following the collapse of the Soviet Union) has clarified some details.
As a result of the incident, the United States altered tracking procedures for aircraft departing Alaska. The interface of the autopilot (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopilot) used on airliners was redesigned to make it more ergonomic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics). In addition, the event was one of the most important single events that prompted the Reagan administration (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan) to allow worldwide access to the United States military's GNSS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_navigation) system, which was classified at the time. Today this system is widely known as GPS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System)."[wiki] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007) Still an unsatisfactorily resolved mess.

[Jimbuna]

1192 - Sultan Saladin and King Richard the Lionheart of England sign treaty over Jerusalem, at end of the Third Crusade.

1942 - German troops enter Stalingrad.

1945 - V-J Day; formal surrender of Japan aboard USS Missouri (WW II ends).

[Mr Quatro]

During World War II, on Sept. 2, 1944, a torpedo-bomber was hit by anti-aircraft fire while making a run over Bonin Island, 600 miles south of Japan. The pilot headed out to sea, ejected from his burning plane and was rescued by a submarine.
He received the Distinguished Flying Cross, graduated from Yale, worked in the Texas oil industry and entered politics, eventually being elected the 41st U.S. president. His name was George H.W. Bush.

on Sept. 2, 1945 Emperor Hirohito’s Imperial forces officially surrendered aboard the U.S.S. Missouri, anchored in Tokyo Bay,

[BossMark]

1939-After Germany ignores Great Britain’s ultimatum to stop the invasion of Poland, Great Britain declares war on Germany, marking the beginning of World War II in Europe.

1939-The British passenger ship Athenia is sunk by a German submarine in the Atlantic, with 30 Americans among those killed. American Secretary of State Cordell Hull warns Americans to avoid travel to Europe unless absolutely necessary.

[Jimbuna]

1777 - Cooch's Bridge - Skirmish of American Revolutionary war in New Castle County, Delaware where the Flag of the United States was flown in battle for the first time.

1783 - Treaty of Paris signed in Paris ends the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and United States of America.

1939 - WWII: Britain declares war on Germany after invasion of Poland. France follows 6 hours later quickly joined by Australia, New Zealand, South Africa & Canada.

1917 - 1st night bombing of London by German aircraft.

1940 - Hitler orders invasion of England on Sept 21 (Operation Seelöwe/Sealion).

1941 - 1First use of Zyclon-B gas in Auschwitz (on Russian prisoners of war).

1945 - Japanese forces in Philippines surrender to Allies.

[Jimbuna]

1609 - Navigator Henry Hudson first European to discover island of Manhattan [or Sep 11].

1682 - English astronomer Edmund Halley observes the comet named after him.

1956 - The IBM RAMAC 305 is introduced, the first commercial computer that used magnetic disk storage.

[Jimbuna]

1939 - New Zealand Prime Minister, Michael Joseph Savage declares New Zealand's support for Britain in the war with Germany; Savage famously told the nation 'where she goes, we go. Where she stands,we stand'.

1972 - 11 Israeli athletes taken hostage and later killed by Palestinian Black September group at the Munich Olympics.

[Aktungbby]

1836: Sam Houston is elected president of the Republic of Texas in a landslide. The inauguration is OCT 22, 1836.

[Jimbuna]

1620 - The Mayflower departs Plymouth, England with 102 Pilgrims and about 30 crew for the New World.

1917 - French pilot Georges Guynemer shoots down 54th German aircraft.

1939 - 1st German air attack on Great Britain in WW II.

[Aktungbby]

Even a French act of state- sponsored terrorism has not stopped the good work...http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/greenpeace/2010/Quarterly/Quarterly_2010_2.web.pdf (http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/greenpeace/2010/Quarterly/Quarterly_2010_2.web.pdf) Weirdly, in light of our own intrusion into Pakistan(technically a 'friendly ally') to kill Osama Bin Laden:" http://www.academia.edu/1416895/The_Rainbow_Warrior_bombers_media_and_the_judiciar y (http://www.academia.edu/1416895/The_Rainbow_Warrior_bombers_media_and_the_judiciar y) On the nature of "functional immunity" by agents of a sovereign state: https://thenewinternationallaw.wordpress.com/tag/rainbow-warrior-affair/ (https://thenewinternationallaw.wordpress.com/tag/rainbow-warrior-affair/) :hmmm:
2015: today: OPERATION SATANIC comes full Circle??!! The French secret service frogman who attached the mines which sank the Greenpeace flagship Rainbow Warrior in New Zealand 30 years ago apologised for his actions in an interview today with investigative website Mediapart.
Jean-Luc Kister,http://media.nzherald.co.nz/webcontent/image/jpg/201537/SCCZEN_060915SPLKISTER3_620x310.jpg whose face was not covered in the hour-long video interview, said he believed it was now the right time to say sorry to the family of Portuguese photographer Fernando Pereira, who was killed in the explosion, to Greenpeace and to the people of New Zealand. We are not cold-blooded killers. My conscience led me to apologise and explain myself."
He said the mission that the 12-strong unit were ordered to carry out by then French defence minister Charles Hernu was "disproportionate" and he claimed that other less drastic ways of damaging the ship, such as breaking the propeller shaft to prevent it from taking to sea, were rejected by the government. http://media.nzherald.co.nz/webcontent/image/jpg/201537/SCCZEN_190615NZHWARRIOR3_620x310.jpghttp://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11508836&ref=rss (http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11508836&ref=rss)

[Aktungbby]

1812: The Battle of Borodino outside Moscow takes place...the Russins win against Napoleon I. The fighting costs each side over 30,000 casualties apiece and leads directly to Bonaparte's disastrous retreat from Russia.http://www.westpoint.edu/history/SiteAssets/SitePages/Napoleonic%20War/Napwars117.gif

[Jimbuna]

1940 - German Luftwaffe blitz London for 1st of 57 consecutive nights.

1973 - Jackie Stewart becomes Formula 1 world champion.

1976 - US courts find George Harrison guilty of plagiarism (He's So Fine).

[Jimbuna]

1944 - 1st V-2 rockets land in London & Antwerp.

1945 - Hideki Tojo, Japanese PM during most of WW II, attempts suicide rather than face war crimes tribunal attempt fails, later he is hanged.

[Jimbuna]

1914 - World War I: The creation of the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade, the first fully mechanized unit in the British Army.

1940 - 28 German aircraft shot down above England.

1942 - 1st bombing on continental US soil at Mount Emily, Oregon during WWII by Japanese planes.

[Jimbuna]

1940 - Buckingham Palace hit by German bomb.

1944 - Lt-gen Frederick Browning against Montgomery "But, sir, I think we might be going a bridge too far."

[Aktungbby]

1608: Mercenary-Knight, Turkish slave, cartographer, visionary and colonist: Captain John Smith is elected president of the Jamestown colony council:
"The English arrived at Jamestown in April 1607 and, by the summer of that year, the settlers were still living in temporary housing. The search for a suitable site ended on 14 May 1607, when Captain Edward Maria Wingfield (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Maria_Wingfield), president of the council, chose the Jamestown (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia) site as the location for the colony. After the four-month ocean trip, their food stores were sufficient only for each to have a cup or two of grain-meal per day. Due to swampy conditions and widespread disease, someone died almost every day. By September, more than 60 were dead of the 104 brought by Newport....drinking brackish creek water and from poor nutrition.
In early January 1608, nearly 100 new settlers and through carelessness the village was set on fire. That winter the James River froze over, and the settlers were forced to live in the burnt ruins. Cannibalism at some point, is now known to have occurred. During this time, for the three months that Newport and his crew were in port, they wasted much time loading their ship with iron pyrite(fools gold) . In October 1608, Captain Newport arrived with 70 new settlers, including the first women.:up:(now it's getting serious-SWMBOS:doh:) Some German, Polish and Slovak (no Catholics allowed:shifty:) craftsmen also arrived, but they brought no food supplies. Newport brought with him a list of counterfeit Virginia Company orders which angered John Smith greatly. He wrote an angry letter in response. One of the orders was to crown Powhatan Emperor and give him a fancy bedstead. (Considering how things developed with Pocahontas...Strange bedfellows INDEED!):timeout:The Company wanted Smith to pay for Newport's voyage with such as the colony could produce in the form of pitch, tar, sawed boards, soap ashes and glass. After that, Smith tried to get food from the Native Americans and it took threats of military force against the native Americans for them to comply. Powhatan was alarmed at the great number of white men coming and was trying to starve them out. Smith found that there were those among both the settlers and Native Americans who were planning to take his life, and it is written he was warned about the plan by Pocahontas. He called a meeting and threatened those who were spoiled and not working "that he that will not work shall not eat…" After that the situation improved and the settlers worked with more industry, albeit with some punishments as needed.[wiki] IN SHORT: Greed, food, real-estate and leadership when the chips are down BBY! 'MERICA!:salute: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Capt_John_Smith%27s_map_of_Virginia_1624.jpg/1024px-Capt_John_Smith%27s_map_of_Virginia_1624.jpgSmith' s map: Just as Smith did not exaggerate the possibilities for wealth within America, he did not understate the dangers and toil associated with colonization. He declared that only those with a strong work ethic would be able to "live and succeed in America" in the face of such dangers. A 'little propaganda' didn't hurt:" He gave it the name: New England (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England) to the region and noted: "Here every man may be master and owner of his owne labour and land... If he have nothing but his hands, he may...by industries quickly grow rich." What a liar!...it took me 64 years!:hmph:

[BossMark]

1777-General George Washington and his troops are defeated by the British under General Sir William Howe at the Battle of Brandywine in Pennsylvania.

1904-The battleship Connecticut, launched in New York, introduces a new era in naval construction.
http://i1224.photobucket.com/albums/ee374/rothwellwhite1/bossmarks%20pictures/USS_Connecticut_BB-18_underway_zpsftv49x82.jpg


2001-In an unprecedented, highly coordinated attack, terrorists hijack four U.S. passenger airliners, flying two into the World Trade Center towers in New York and one into the Pentagon, killing thousands. The fourth airliner, headed toward Washington likely to strike the White House or Capitol, is crashed just over 100 miles away in Pennsylvania after passengers storm the cockpit and overtake the hijackers.

[Aktungbby]

NAPA, CA: 9/11 Memorial from Building One steel;http://www.gordonhuether.com/images/Project_shots/911_Memorial/9-11-memorial_450-wide_11bak.jpg

[Aktungbby]

1995: three gas balloons (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_balloon) participating in the Gordon Bennett Cup (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bennett_Cup_(ballooning)) entered Belarusian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus) air space. Despite the fact that competition organizers had informed the Belarusian Government about the race in May and that flight plans had been filed, a Mil Mi-24B (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil_Mi-24) attack helicopter of the Belarusian Air Force (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_Air_Force) shot down one balloon, killing two American citizens, Alan Fraenckel and English ex-patriot John Stuart-Jervis. Another of the balloons was forced to land while the third landed safely over two hours after the initial downing. The crews of the two balloons were fined($50) for entering Belarus without a visa and released. Race officials in Switzerland said Belarus was advised in May of the possible flight paths of the balloons, and had granted clearance, but Belarussian officials denied this. [wiki] A Belarussian Interior Ministry official who declined to be named said the government was notified in May about the race. The official did not know whether the information had been passed on to the military. Deputy Chairman of the Government Commission investigating the tragedy: He told a press conference that, "From a legal point of view not a single letter of the law has been violated. As the unidentified flying craft intruded into the National Airspace and did not respond to radio calls. Everything was done in strict compliance with instructions."
Sivakov added, "The moral side of it is another thing, there are many questions about it. That was an outrageous incident." The U.S. State Department rejected suggestions by Belarus that organizers were partly responsible for the deaths of two American balloonists. "There can be no excuses, no rationale, no way of explaining the totally unjustifiable behavior last week, shooting down two Americans in a balloon that posed no threat to them at a time when the Cold War is over,..." Belarus has neither apologized nor offered compensation for the deaths. http://www.balloonlife.com/publications/balloon_life/9510/tragedy.htm (http://www.balloonlife.com/publications/balloon_life/9510/tragedy.htm)

[Aktungbby]

1588: the Spanish Armada, literally on a mission for God to eradicate the heretic protestant: Queen Elizabeth, is destroyed in the English Channel.:wah: 1862: Confederates capture Harpers Ferry, securing the rear of Robert E. Lee’s forces in Maryland. Unfortunately, the front of the army will encounter the Union army in two days at the bloodiest single day in American military history, Antietam (aka Sharpsburg) resulting in the issuing by Lincoln of the war's ultimate game-changing political aim: The Emancipation Proclamation.:oops: England and France, each with a rising labor class, are thus politically unable to assist the Southern slaveocracy; ultimately sealing the rebellion's doom. 1935: In Berlin the Reich, under Adolf Hitler, adopts the Swastika (meaning any lucky or auspicious object), as the national flag...:doh: now symbolizing auspicious unluckiness!

[Mr Quatro]

Would it be improper to add what we, as in civilization, have learned from this day in history or is that a no no or would it just flicker an argument?

[Aktungbby]

Would it be improper to add what we, as in civilization, have learned from this day in history or is that a no no or would it just flicker an argument?

Well, one historian once said you can't tell where yer goin' if you don't know where ya been; Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it The poor lady author, Iris Chang, who wrote the well-regarded Rape of Nanking was in such dispair that she ended her own life-possibly because, in seeing where we've been...there ain't been a lot of improvement. I just find irony: were still fighting religious wars; still trafficking in human beings and taking peaceful symbols and desecrating what they stood for and now they are so reviled in opposite meaning that they are illegal to display. Unless of course you have a parade permit; in which case, wearing old pillow cases with eye holes, one can still mingle one's pleasures with a burning cross, wave a Rebel battle standard and wear a swastika armband. 1963: the 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing took place on this date in Birmingham Alabama... https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/15/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing_girls.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing_girls.jpg) when four members of the KKK planted at least 15 sticks of dynamite attached to a timing device beneath the front steps of the church; and killed 4 little girls and then bragged about it.

[BossMark]

1936-The German army holds its largest maneuvers since 1914.

1041-The German Army cuts off the Crimean Peninsula from the rest of the Soviet Union.

1942-British forces attack the Japanese in Burma

1944-U.S. troops of the 7th Army, invading Southern France, cross the Meuse River.

[Jimbuna]

1914 - 1 German submarine sinks 3 British ironclads, 1,459 die.

1943 - British dwarf submarines attack Tirpitz.

1943 - Destroyer HMS Keppel sinks U-229.

[Jimbuna]

1941 - General de Gaulle forms government in exile in London.

1942 - The 'Manhattan Project' commences, under the direction of US General Leslie Groves: its aim - to deliver an atomic bomb.

[Jimbuna]

1940 - Luftwaffe bombs Spitfire factory in Southampton.

[Jimbuna]

1066 - The Battle of Stamford Bridge; an English army under King Harold Godwinson beat the invading Norwegians led by King Harald Hardrada and Harold's brother Tostig, who were both killed. Three weeks later Harold died fighting the Normans at Hastings.

1906 - In the presence of the king and before a great crowd, Leonardo Torres Quevedo successfully demonstrates the invention of the Telekino in the port of Bilbao, guiding a boat from the shore, in what is considered the birth of the Remote control.

[Jimbuna]

1580 - Frances Drake completes circumnavigation of the world, sailing into Plymouth aboard the Golden Hind.

1815 - Russia, Prussia & Austria sign Holy Alliance.

[Jimbuna]

1939 - Warsaw Poland, surrenders to Germans after 19 days of resistance.

1940 - 55 German aircrafts shot down above England.

1941 - 1st WW II liberty ship, freighter Patrick Henry, launched.

[Biggles]

2015: NASA announces water on Mars. Presently, not in the past this time! :D

[Jimbuna]

1914 - German forces move into Antwerp Belgium.

1939 - German-Soviet Frontier Treaty is signed by Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov; redraws German and Soviet spheres of influence in central Europe and transfers most of Lithuania to the USSR.

[BossMark]

1399-Richard II of England is deposed. His cousin, Henry of Lancaster, declares himself king under the name Henry IV.

1493-Christopher Columbus leaves Cadiz, Spain, on his second voyage to the new world.

1789-Congress votes to create a U.S. army.

1939-Germany and the Soviet Union reach an agreement on the division of Poland.

1941-30,000 Jews are gunned down in Kiev when Henrich Himmler sends four strike squads to exterminate Soviet Jewish civilians and other "undesirables."

1943-Adolf Hitler’s book Mein Kampf is published in the United States.

[Aktungbby]

1789: the US War Department establishes a regular army with a strenghth of 'several hundred men' 1829: London's organized police goes on duty...known as Scotland Yard! 1938: British, French German and Italian leaders conclude the Munich Agreement aimed at appeasing Adolf Hitler by allowing annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland. This eventually leads to:1941: The SS Einsatzgruppen operating in the Ukraine massacres between 50,000 and 96,000 Ukranians (of which 33,771 are Jews), at Babi Yar, a ravine about 30 miles outside of Kiev.
1943: GEN Eisenhower and Marshal Pietro Badaglio sign an armistice aboard HMS Nelson off Malta as Allies recapture Pompeii!

[Jimbuna]

1918 - WW I: Allied forces scored a decisive breakthrough of Hindenburg Line.

1942 - French Government in exile of De Gaulle cancels agreement of Munich.

1943 - Eisenhower & Italian Marshal Pietro Badoglio sign an armistice.

[Jimbuna]

1941 - German assault on Moscow, Operation Typhoon, begins.

1949 - Berlin Airlift ends after 277,000 flights.

[Jimbuna]

1914 - The first division of Canadian troops, 33,000 sail for Britain; most Canadians are volunteers, anxious to prove their loyalty to the Commonwealth.

1918 - World War I: Arab forces under T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") capture Damascus.

1942 - Bell P-59 Airacomet fighter, 1st US jet, makes maiden flight.

1946 - 12 Nazi war criminals sentenced to death in Nuremberg.

[Jimbuna]

1940 - British liner Empress loaded with refugees for Canada, sunk.

1941 - Germans launch attack on Moscow.

1942 - "Queen Mary" slices cruiser "Curacao" in half, killing 338.

[Jimbuna]

1582 - Gregorian calendar introduced in Italy, other Catholic countries.

1916 - Soldier Adolf Hitler is injured.

[Aktungbby]

Half the fun of this thread is the coincidental irony of events on a given date and the interrelationship, if any, that may be discerned; preferably in irreverent contradiction to the rôte-learning of our schoolroom youth: In today's paper: 1861
BURLINGTON — A space historian says a Canadian university principal proposed rocket-based space flight 30 years earlier than previously thought.
Historian Robert Godwin says William Leitch of Queen's University in Kingston accurately described the concept of rocket-based space flight in 1861.
Previous histories of space flight have maintained that the first scientific proposal of rocket-powered space travel came at the end of the 19th century by Russian Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and by American Robert Goddard.
Both claimed Jules Verne as their inspiration, but Godwin says Leitch published his thoughts four years before Verne's famous "space gun."
Godwin's findings were published Sunday in "The First Scientific Concept of Rockets for Space Travel."
Godwin says Leitch was a scientist and understood Newton's law of action and reaction, and predicted that a rocket would work more efficiently in the vacuum of space.
1984: The Space-shuttle Challenger blasted off from the Kennedy Space Center with woman astronaut Katheryn D Sullivan and the first Canadian astronaut, Marc Garneau https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marc_Garneau_STS-97.jpg/220px-Marc_Garneau_STS-97.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marc_Garneau_STS-97.jpg)Also a retired military police officer:up: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Le_Voyage_dans_la_lune.jpg Eh?!!! They should have a Moosehead bottle in this shot: Inspired by a wide variety of sources, including Jules Verne (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Verne)'s novels 1902's From the Earth to the Moon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Trip_to_the_Moon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Trip_to_the_Moon) :|\\

[BossMark]

1801-Napoleon Bonaparte imposes a new constitution on Holland.

1866-The Reno brothers–Frank, John, Simeon and William–commit the country’s first train robbery near Seymore, Indiana netting $10,000.

1927-The first "talkie," The Jazz Singer, opens with popular entertainer Al Jolson singing and dancing in black-face. By 1930, silent movies were a thing of the past.

1941-German troops renew their offensive against Moscow.

[Jimbuna]

1917 - In the final attack on Third Battle of Ypres, Canadian troops capture the village of Passchendaele, after 250,000 casualties on both sides.

1918 - US ship Otranto sinks between Scotland & Ireland, 425 die.

1939 - Adolf Hitler denies he intends to go to war against France & Britain.

1945 - Gen Eisenhower welcomed in Hague (on Hitler's train).

[Aktungbby]

1683: thirteen families arrive in Philadelphia from Krefeld Germany to begin Germantown one of Americas' oldest settlements. Germantown has played a significant role in American history; it was the birthplace of the American antislavery movement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1688_Germantown_Quaker_Petition_Against_Slavery), the site of a Revolutionary War battle, and temporary residence of George Washington,1777: When Philadelphia was occupied by the British during the Revolution, British units were housed in Germantown. In the Battle of Germantown (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown), the Yankees attacked this garrison. During the battle, a party of citizens fired on the British troops, as they marched up the avenue, and mortally wounded British Brigadier General Agnew (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigadier_General_Agnew). The Americans withdrew after firing on one another in the confusion of the battle, leading to the determination that the battle resulted in a defeat of the Americans. However, the battle is sometimes considered a victory by Americans. The American loss was 673 and the British loss was 575. [wiki]

[Aktungbby]

1929: Former interior Secretary Albert B. Fall, one of main figures of the teapot Dome Scandal goes on trial and is convicted of receiving a bribe from oil tycoon Edward L. Doheny. Fall serves 9 months of a one year sentence. Deheny was acquitted at his own trial of offering the bribe Fall was accused of taking...:doh: :timeout: :stare: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teapot_Dome_scandal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teapot_Dome_scandal) Conversely, in 1930, Edward L. Doheny was acquitted of paying bribes to Fall. Further, Doheny's corporation foreclosed on Fall's home in Tularosa Basin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tularosa_Basin), New Mexico, because of "unpaid loans" which turned out to be that same $100,000 bribe.

[Jeff-Groves]

1952
Bob Horn's Bandstand debuts on WFIL-TV in Philadelphia. Less than four years later, the show will be hosted by Dick Clark and will go on to be one of the most influential US music programs in Rock history.

[Jimbuna]

1918 - American soldier Sgt Alvin York single-handedly kills 25, captures 132 Germans.

1945 - US President Harry Truman announced atomic bomb secret shared with Britain and Canada.

[Aktungbby]

1571: In the last great clash of galleys, the Ottoman navy is defeated at Lepanto, Greece, by a Christian naval coalition under the overall command of Spain’s Don Juan de Austria. One of history's (5 IMHO) great naval battles: stopped the strategic naval progression of Islam into the west...Algerian corsairs aside of course. Ottoman forces were decimated-210 ships lost or captured!:arrgh!: 1944: Prisoner uprising at Birkenau concentration camp (http://www.historynet.com/what-if-the-allies-had-bombed-auschwitz.htm). "For months, young Jewish women, like had been smuggling small amounts of gunpowder from the Weichsel-Union-Metallwerke, a munitions factory within the Auschwitz complex, to men and women in the camp's resistance movement. Under constant guard, the women in the factory took small amounts of the gunpowder, wrapped it in bits of cloth or paper, hid it on their bodies, and then passed it along the smuggling chain. Once she received the gunpowder, Passed to her co-conspirators in the Sonderkommando; using this gunpowder, the leaders of the Sonderkommando planned to destroy the gas chambers and crematoria, and launch the uprising. When the camp resistance warned the Sonderkommando that they were (in due course-every three months-SOP to preserve ghastly secrecy) to be murdered on the morning of 7 October 1944, the Sonderkommando attacked the SS and Kapos (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapo_(concentration_camp)) with two machine guns, axes, knives and grenades. The SS men suffered 15 casualties of whom about 12 were injured and 3 were killed; one of the killed SS and a Reichsdeutsche Oberkapo were pushed alive into a crematorium oven after being stabbed by a member of the Sonderkommando. Some of the Sonderkommando escaped from the camp for a period, as was planned, but they were recaptured later the same day. Of those who didn't die in the uprising itself, 200 were later forced to strip and lie face down, and then were shot in the back of the head. A total of 451 Sonderkommandos were killed on this day. [wiki] Some were in other Sonderkommando units not involved and every third member was executed as a lesson-the old Roman punishment kicked up 66%: decimatio??!! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimation_(Roman_army) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimation_(Roman_army)) 2003: California voters remove Democratic governor Gray Davis from office in the state’s first successful recall of a sitting governor (only the second successful recall of a governor in US history); a Republican candidate, bodybuilder/actor Arnold Schwarzenegger wins the election to replace Davis 17 days later. Now we only worry about great drought, great quakes and great forest fires. Decimatio Californiano BBY! :Dhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q73gUUr8Zlw (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q73gUUr8Zlw)

[Jimbuna]

1975 - Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov wins Nobel Peace Prize.

2006 - North Korea allegedly tests its first nuclear device.

[Jimbuna]

1899 - IR Johnson patents bicycle frame.

1954 - Ho Chi Minh enters Hanoi after withdrawal of French troops.

1957 - US President Eisenhower apologizes to the finance minister of Ghana, Komla Agbeli Gbdemah, after he is refused service in a restaurant in Dover, Delaware.

[Aktungbby]

1978: Ken Warby of Australia sets the world water speed record, 317.60 mph, at Blowering Dam in Australia; no other human has yet (2013) exceeded 300 mph on water and survived. WARNING MAY BE DISTRESSFULL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nloF0eF-zFs (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nloF0eF-zFs)

[Jimbuna]

1915 - Despite international protest, Edith Cavell, and English nurse in Belgium, is executed by the Germans for aiding the escape of Allied prisoners.

1939 - Albert Einstein informs FDR of possibilities of atomic bomb.

1945 - Chinese civil war begins, Chiang Kai-Shek vs Mao Zedong.

[Jimbuna]

1859 - Self-proclaimed Emperor of the USA, Emperor Norton issues edit abolishing the US Congress.

1900 - The first modern submarine is commissioned by the U.S.Navy as the USS Holland, named for its designer John Philip Holland.

1901 - Theodore Roosevelt renames "Executive Mansion" "The White House."

2000 - The USS Cole is badly damaged in Aden, Yemen, by two suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39.

[Jimbuna]

1914 - Garrett Morgan invents & patents gas mask.

1925 - Margaret Thatcher [Margaret Hilda Roberts], first female British Prime Minister, known as 'The Iron Lady' is born.

1943 - Italy declares war on former Axis partner Germany.

[Aktungbby]

1775: Congress lays the foundation for the United States Navy, ordering the construction of a naval fleet. # 1 USS ALFRED, built 1774 (keel laid) at Philadelphia, PA (as HMS Black Prince) is first to be commissioned.:salute: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/NH_85212-KN.jpg/1280px-NH_85212-KN.jpg 1792: the cornerstone of the executive mansion (the White House) was laid during a ceremony in DC. Election havoc notwithstanding we have faith in the man residing there??!:nope:.http://static2.politico.com/dims4/default/4196dbd/2147483647/resize/1160x%3E/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fs3-origin-images.politico.com%2Fnews%2F091012_whitehouse_ap_ 297.jpg 1932: President Herbert Hoover and chief justice Chas. Evans Hughes("The Republic endures and this is the symbol of its faith":hmmm:) lay the cornerstone for the US Supreme Court Building in DC.http://www.supremecourt.gov/about/images/courtbuilding_img_0.jpg 54 AD Emperor Claudius, possibly poisoned by his fourth wife, Agrippina, dies and is laid to rest (with divine honors-a matter of faith!:woot:) in the Mausoleum of #1 emperor, Augustus...himself the cornerstone of the Roman Empire...?https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Roma-mausoleo_di_augusto.jpg/1024px-Roma-mausoleo_di_augusto.jpg Psst; there's gotta be a cornerstone there...somewhere!

[Jimbuna]

1939 - German U-47 sinks British battleship HMS Royal Oak, 833 killed.

[razark]

1066: The Battle of Hastings.

1943: Black Thursday, the Second Raid on Schweinfurt.

[Jimbuna]

1815 - Napoleon Bonaparte arrives on island of St Helena to begin his exile.

1917 - World War I: At Vincennes outside of Paris, Dutch dancer Mata Hari is executed by firing squad for spying for Germany.

1918 - British Q-ship Cymric sinks British submarine J6.

[Aktungbby]

1917 - World War I: At Vincennes outside of Paris, Dutch dancer Mata Hari is executed by firing squad for spying for Germany.


http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/53/550x308x133553-004-57A2C9BF.jpg.pagespeed.ic.h_dV7-LlZ5.jpgMargarete Gertrud Zelle, known to posterity by her alias, Mata Hari, is one of the most infamous spies of the 20th century. By all accounts, the Dutch-born Zelle was not a particularly successful spy, yet her story embodies all the elements—daring, exoticism, and a chameleonic persona—that make the best espionage cases so alluring to the human imagination. Of the many movies: Greta Garbo's still takes it!http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/M/MV5BMjA1ODgzNjc1OF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTYwODM3MTI2._V1_S X640_SY720_.jpg



At 17, Zelle married John Macleod, a Dutch East Indies Scottish officer 21 years her senior, and moved with him to Java. She bore him two children, one of whom died in infancy, and endured nearly nine brutal years of his abuse, drunkenness, and adulterous behavior. She began to dance professionally in Paris in 1905 under the name of Lady MacLeod. She soon called herself Mata Hari, a Malay expression for the sun (literally, “eye of the day”). She and MacLeod divorced in 1906. Tall, extremely attractive, superficially acquainted with East Indian dances, and willing to appear virtually nude in public, Mata Hari was an instant success in Paris and other large cities, becoming wealthy in the process. Throughout her life she had numerous lovers, many of them military officers. The facts regarding her espionage activities remain obscure. a German consul is said to have offered to pay her for whatever information she could obtain on her next trip to France. After her arrest by the French, she acknowledged only that she had given some outdated information to a German intelligence officer.
According to statements that Mata Hari supposedly made, she had agreed to act as a French spy in German-occupied Belgium and did not bother to tell French intelligence of her prior arrangement with the Germans. She had intended to secure for the Allies the assistance of Ernest Augustus, duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Germany and heir to the dukedom of Cumberland in the British peerage.
The German government publicly exculpated her in 1930,( however-German documents unsealed in the 1970's proved that Mata Hari was truly a German agent.) and the French dossier documenting her activities reportedly indicated her innocence. Viewed by only a few people, the dossier was scheduled for public release in 2017. I'll post more on 10/15/17 One of her photos is a screen-saver of mine but this is a family forum!:woot: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Mata_Hari.jpg<in her home town: Leeuwarden (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeuwarden), the Netherlands (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands)

[Jimbuna]

1813 - Battle of Leipzig, largest battle in Europe prior to WWI, Napoleon's forces defeated by Prussia, Austria & Russia.

1943 - Jewish quarter of Rome surrounded by Nazis, they are sent to Auschwitz.

1946 - 10 Nazi leaders hanged as war criminals after Nuremberg trials.

2013 - The United States ends its 16-day government shut down and avoids default in a Bi-partisan deal in the Senate.

[Jimbuna]

1917 - 1st British bombing of Germany.

1931 - Al Capone convicted of tax evasion, sentenced to 11 years in prison.

1933 - Albert Einstein arrives in US, a refugee from Nazi Germany.

1941 - 1st US destroyer (Kearney) torpedoed in WW II, off Iceland.

1943 - Liberators sink U-540 & U-631.

[Jimbuna]

1900 - Count Bernard von Bulow becomes Chancellor of Germany, famous for first referring to Germany's need for 'place in the sun' and global empire.

1942 - Hitler orders captured allied commandos to be killed.

1954 - Texas Instruments Inc. announces the first transistor radio.

1979 - "Beatlemania" opens in London.

[Aktungbby]

Germany's 'place in the sun" certainly made it warm for all of us!:sunny:No wonder ol Tut switched back from daddy's Aton to Mommy's Amun! :hmmm:http://kylegrant76.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/atonofsun.jpgA wonder they didn't adopt the ANKH instead of the Swastika!!!???

[Aktungbby]

1781:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis.jpg/1024px-Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis.jpgThe band played "The World Turned Upside Down": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSExogKSOyc (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSExogKSOyc) FYI: "Hail to the Chief(who in Triumph Advances)" (with four 'ruffles and flourishes) wouldn't be composed for another 31 years https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1wXEEQBHeQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1wXEEQBHeQ) Footnotes to history; Lord Cornwallis, claiming illness did not attend his own surrender! Cut-off by sea from assistance from the British navy: Malaria was endemic in the marshlands of eastern Virginia during the time, and Cornwallis's army suffered greatly from the disease; he estimated during the surrender that half of his army was unable to fight as a result. The Continental Army enjoyed an advantage, in that most of their members had grown up with malaria, and hence had acquired resistance to the disease. As malaria has a month-long incubation period, most of the French soldiers had not begun to exhibit symptoms before the surrender. The siege of Yorktown is also known in some German historiographies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography) as "die deutsche Schlacht" ("the German battle"), because Germans played significant roles in all three armies, accounting for roughly one third of all forces involved. According to one estimate more than 2,500 German soldiers served at Yorktown with each of the British and French armies, and more than 3,000 German-Americans were in Washington's army.

[Jimbuna]

1812 - Napoleon's forces begin their retreat from Moscow.

1872 - World's largest gold nugget (215 kg) found in New South Wales.

1914 - US post office 1st used an automobile to collect & deliver mail.

1939 - Hermann Goering begins to plunder through Nazi's occupied areas.

1977 - Supersonic Concorde jet's 1st landing in NYC.

[Jimbuna]

1818 - 49th parallel forms as border between US & Canada.

1918 - In order to secure an armistice, Germany agrees to further concessions.

1921 - Germany and Allies comes to an agreements over reparation payments in a meeting at Wiensbaden.

1941 - Nazi occupiers murder 500 inhabitants of Kragujevac Serbia.

1945 - US Supreme Court Justice Geoffrey Lawrence opens the Nuremberg Nazi war crime trials.

1971 - West German Chancellor Willy Brandt is awarded Nobel Peace Prize.

[Jimbuna]

1805 - Battle of Trafalgar: British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats combined French and Spanish fleet. Nelson is shot and killed during the battle.

1854 - Florence Nightingale with a staff of 38 nurses is sent to the Crimean War.

1917 - 1st Americans to see action on front lines of WW I: US troops enter front lines at Sommervillier under French command.

[Jimbuna]

1884 - The International Meridian Conference in Washington, D.C., USA adopts Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) worldwide, creating 24 international time zones with longitude zero at the Greenwich meridian.