This date in history

[Aktungbby]

1919: American born Lady Astor is the second woman elected and seated to Parliament. Her anti-Catholic, anti-semitic, pro-prohibitionist viewpoints Yanked not a few stodgy Brit chains in her 26 year tenure in office. Ultimately she was a liability to her party.

[Jimbuna]

1720 Anne Bonny and Mary Read are tried, found guilty of pirating, and sentenced to death in Spanish Town, Jamaica, although their discovered pregnancies win them stays of execution.

1916 1st German air attack on London.

1918 Kaiser Wilhelm II of Prussia & Germany abdicates.

1934 Winston Churchill tells British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin not to under estimate German air power.

1943 Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin meet at the Tehran Conference in Iran to map out strategy.

1958 US reports first full-range firing of an Intercontinental ballistic missile.

1984 Over 250 years after their deaths, William Penn and his wife Hannah Callowhill Penn are made Honorary Citizens of the United States.

[Aktungbby]

1720 Anne Bonny and Mary Read are tried, found guilty of pirating, and sentenced to death in Spanish Town, Jamaica, although their discovered pregnancies win them stays of execution.
In the Brit commonlaw parlance of the times, they "pleaded their bellies"!:arrgh!: I plead mine every day; usually squirming into an ever-tightening pair of jeans... but alas there's no reprieve!:shucks::O:

[Jimbuna]

1812 Napoleon's Grand Army crosses Berezina River in retreat from Russia.

1917 A Supreme Allied War Council meets at Versailles to define war aims.

1941 Passenger ship Lurline sends radio signal of sighting Japanese war fleet.

1943 U-86 sinks in Atlantic Ocean.

1943 US aircraft carrier Hornet launched.

1961 Following the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion CIA Director Allen Dulles resigns and is replaced by John McCone.

[Jimbuna]

1487 The first German Beer Purity Law (Reinheitsgebot), is promulgated in Munich by Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria stating beer should be brewed from only three ingredients – water, malt and hops.

1922 First speed test of first genuine Japanese aircraft carrier Hosho.

1924 French and Belgium troops withdrawn from their occupation of the Rurh.

1941 Japanese Emperor Hirohito consults with admirals Shimada and Nagano.

1942 U-boats sink and damage 142 allied ships this month (877,774 tons)

1942 German supply vessel Uckermark (formerly called the Altmark) explodes & sinks off Yokohama.

1944 Biggest and last British battleship HMS Vanguard launched.

1958 First US guided missile destroyer launched - the Dewey at Bath Iron Works, Maine.

1982 US submarine Thomas Edison collides with US Navy destroyer in South China Sea.

[Jimbuna]

1768 The slave ship Fredensborg sinks off Tromøy in Norway (rediscovered 1974)

1915 The US requests that Germany withdraw its military and naval attaches from the Embassy in Washington.

1939 SS-Fuhrer Himmler begins deportation of Polish Jews.

1941 Japanese Emperor Hirohito signs declaration of war.

1943 At the end of the Tehran Conference, the Big Three (Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt) agree that the invasion of Normandy should take place in May 1944

1955 Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to move to the back of a bus and give her seat to a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama.

[Aktungbby]

1983: thousands of people died when water was accidentally introduced during cleaning and renovation of a tank containing 42 tons of methyl isocyanate at a Union Carbide subsidiary plant in Bhopal, India. The water caused the tank to pressurize and rupture. The exact casualties my never be ascertained; 8, 000 died within two weeks and another 8,000 have since died from gas related diseases. 574,366 other victims suffered injuries! 7 Indian employees were convicted of "death by negligence" and fined approx $2,000 apiece, the maximum under Indian law...:o The event is considered one of the worst industrial disasters in history.

[Jimbuna]

1619 38 colonists from Berkeley Parish, England disembark in Virginia and give thanks to God. Considered by many the first Thanksgiving in the Americas.

1915 Henry Ford's peace ship, Oscar II, sails for Europe 'to get the boys out of the trenches by Christmas'

1918 US President Woodrow Wilson sails for Versailles Peace Conference in France.

[Jimbuna]

1865 13th Amendment of the United States Constitution is ratified, abolishing slavery.

1917 French munition ship "Mont Blanc" explodes in Halifax, Canada killing 1,700

1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty signed; Ireland receives dominion status; partition creates Northern Ireland.

1941 Dutch & British pilots see Japanese invasion fleet at Singapore.

1962 US abandons Skybolt ballistic missile program.

[Red Devil]

I always thought Thanksgiving in the USA was like UK's Harvest Festivals???

[Jimbuna]

1917 The USA's 42nd 'Rainbow' Division arrives in France (with Colonel Douglass MacArthur among its ranks)

1941 Imperial Japanese Navy with 353 planes attack the US fleet at Pearl Harbor Naval Base, Hawaii, killing 2,403 people.

1941 1st Japanese midget submarine (No. 20) attacked by a US ship (USS Ward)

1988 PLO delegation lead by Yasser Arafat proclaims the State of Palestine, recognizing the existence of the State of Israel for the first time.

[Aktungbby]

1941 1st Japanese midget submarine (No. 20) attacked by a US ship (USS Ward)...with Minnesota gunners who put one thru the conning tower; certainly not "Minnesota Nice" on the "Day of Infamy"!:arrgh!: https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/news/press/japanese-mini-subs/minisub-photo3.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/USS_Ward_4_inch_gun_Minnesota_Capitol.jpg/800px-USS_Ward_4_inch_gun_Minnesota_Capitol.jpg< and the gun that done it on the Minnesota state capitol grounds!:Kaleun_Salute:

[Jimbuna]

1914 Battle of the Falkland Island: British Royal Navy destroys a German battle squadron.

1915 John McCrae's poem "In Flanders Fields" appears anonymously in "Punch" magazine.

1941 US and Britain declare war on Japan, US enters World War II

1941 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivers "Day of Infamy" speech to US Congress a day after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

1966 US and USSR sign treaty to prohibit nuclear weapons in outer space.

[Jimbuna]

1913 "Mona Lisa" recovered 2 years after it was stolen from the Louvre Museum.

1936 Edward VIII announces in a radio broadcast that he is abdicating the British throne to marry Wallis Simpson.

1941 Japanese attack Wake Island (only failed WW II-landing)

[Jimbuna]

2000 US Supreme Court releases its decision in Bush v. Gore, settling the recount dispute in Florida's 2000 presidential election in George W. Bush's favor and thus handing him the presidency.

2015 COP21 climate change summit in Paris reaches a deal between 195 countries to limit the rise in the global average temperature to less than 2°C above pre-industrial levels.

2019 British General Election won by Boris Johnson's Conservative Party in landslide win with 80 seat majority. Scottish National Party also wins 48 of 59 seats in Scotland.

[Jimbuna]

1774 First incident of American Revolution - 400 New Hampshire militiamen successfully attack Fort William and Mary.

1812 The French invasion of Russia, led by Napoleon Bonaparte, officially ends with the French having lost as many as 530,000 people.

1941 Premier Winston Churchill travels to US on board HMS Duke of York.

1941 U-557 torpedoes British cruiser Galatea (sank next day)

1944 US Congress establishes rank of General of Army (5-star General)

1952 UN Troops kill 82 North Korean POWs during a prison camp riot in Pongam-do, South Korea.

2008 President George W. Bush make his fourth and final trip to Iraq as president and is almost struck by two shoes thrown at him by Iraqi journalist Muntadhar al-Zaidi during a farewell conference in Baghdad.

[Jimbuna]

1840 Napoleon Bonaparte receives a French state funeral in Paris 19 years after his death.

1941 German submarine U-127 sinks.

1941 Nazis transfers 100 Czech citizens, Heinrich Himmler falls faint.

1941 USS Swordfish becomes 1st US submarine to sink a Japanese ship.

1944 Hizbu'allah (Arm forces for Allah) forms.

1961 Adolf Eichmann is sentenced to death for war crimes in Israel.

1979 World Court in Hague rules Iran should release all US hostages.

2006 First flight of the F-35 Lightning II

[Jimbuna]

1907 As a gesture of the US's new presence as a world power, President Theodore Roosevelt sends the 'Great White Fleet' on a round-the-world cruise, visiting ports internationally.

1944 Germany launches a counteroffensive against the Allies in the Ardennes region of Belgium, beginning the 'Battle of the Bulge'

1944 German V-2 strikes Antwerp bioscope (638 die)

1969 British House of Commons votes 343-185 to abolish the death penalty.

[Jimbuna]

1900 1st prize of 100,000 francs offered for communications with extraterrestrials. Martians excluded-considered too easy.

1903 The Wright brothers make the first sustained motorized aircraft flight at 10:35 AM, piloted by Orville Wright at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

1922 Last British troops leave Irish Free State.

1939 German pocket battleship Graf Spee scuttled by its crew off Uruguay.

1944 Three US destroyers sink in storm off Philippines, 790 killed.

1957 US successfully test-fires Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile.

1986 Mrs Davina Thompson makes medical history by having the first heart, lung & liver transplant at Papworth Hospital in Cambridge, England.

[Jimbuna]

1941 Adolf Hitler takes complete command of German Army.

1942 Robert Stroud "Birdman of Alcatraz" is transferred to Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary.

1949 Luxury passenger ship Aquitania demolished in Gareloch, Scotland.

1958 First radio broadcast from space, US President Dwight D. Eisenhower Christmas message "to all mankind, America's wish for peace on Earth and goodwill to men everywhere"

1984 Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher sign the Sino-British Joint Declaration to transfer Hong Kong back to China in 1997

[Jimbuna]

1924 Adolf Hitler freed from jail early, having served only nine months of five-year sentence for "Beer Hall Putsch"

1941 World War II: First battle of the American Volunteer Group, better known as the "Flying Tigers" in Kunming, China.

1944 Battle of Bastogne: Germans surround 101st Airborne (NUTS!)

1957 Elvis Presley receives his draft notice to join the US Army for National Service.

1960 Auschwitz commandant Richard Bar arrested in German FR

1963 Berlin Wall opens for 1st time to West Berliners.

2007 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II becomes the oldest ever monarch of the United Kingdom, surpassing Queen Victoria, who lived for 81 years, 7 months and 29 days.

[Jimbuna]

1939 Adolf Hitler names Adolf Eichmann leader of "Referat IV B", responsible for evictions and Jewish immigration.

1958 Charles de Gaulle wins 7 year term as 1st President of the 5th Republic of France.

1988 Lockerbie disaster: A terrorist bomb destroys Pan Am Flight 103 mid-air, over Scotland; kills all 259 passengers and crew on board, and 11 people on the ground.

1991 Soviet Union formally dissolves as 11 of 12 republics sign treaty forming Commonwealth of Independent States.

[Aktungbby]

1991 Soviet Union formally dissolves as 11 of 12 republics sign treaty forming Commonwealth of Independent States....someone is currently disPutin' that percieved mistake of Russian history...and he's already up one having annexed the Crimea!:hmmm:

[Jimbuna]

1888 Vincent van Gogh cuts off his left ear with a razor, after argument with fellow painter Paul Gauguin, and sends to a prostitute for safe keeping.

1920 Government of Ireland Act / Home Rule Act passed partitioning Ireland.

1941 American forces on Wake Island surrender to Japanese.

1943 General Bernard Montgomery told he is appointed commandant for D-day.

1947 Transistor invented by John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain and William Shockley in Bell Labs.

1961 Fidel Castro announces Cuba will release 1,113 prisoners from failed 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion for $62M worth of food & medical supplies.

[Aktungbby]

2003: a 6.6 magnitude earthquake struck the town of Bam in Iran, killing at least 26,000 people. Most of the mud-brick construction is totally destroyed. 2004: More than 230,000 people in southern Asia are killed by a hundred foot tsunami triggered by 9.1 magnitude earthquake beneath the Indian Ocean.

[Jimbuna]

1932 Emperor Hirohito of Japan narrowly evades an assassination attempt by a Korean independence activist, Lee Bong-chang.

1942 1st Japanese women camp (Ambarawa) goes into use.

1943 German warship "Scharnhorst" sinks in Barents Sea.

1943 Montgomery discusses Overlord with Eisenhower & Bedell Smith.

1988 Bulgaria stops jamming Radio Free Europe after more than 3 decades.

1996 Taliban forces retake the strategic Bagram air base which solidifies their buffer zone around Kabul.

2008 Israel launches Operation Cast Lead in the Gaza Strip, beginning with an airstrike that hits 100 targets in 220 seconds killing around 250 people.

[Aktungbby]

1895: The Lumière brothers, August and Louis, held their first public showing of their 1400 movies (dubbed actualities) in Paris. Le flique :O: was titled "Lumière Workers Leaving the Factory"... alas there was no popcorn for this nailbiter....:o for the 40 paying viewers and invited relations at history's first commercial screening! https://youtu.be/Y-H7oXhQwCM

[Jimbuna]

1860 The first British seagoing iron-clad warship, HMS Warrior is launched.

1890 US 7th Cavalry massacre 200+ captive Sioux at Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

1939 First flight of the Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber prototype.

1940 Worst German air raid on London as over 10,000 bombs including the 1st incendiary bombs are dropped on the city as part of the Blitz.

1944 Belgian Walloon Nazi collaborator Léon Degrelle sentenced to death.

1944 General Eisenhower's train returns to Versailles.

[Aktungbby]

1944 Belgian Walloon Nazi collaborator Léon Degrelle sentenced to death.
...upon which, he flew to Spain; crash landed; changed his name to José León Ramirez Reina; went into the construction business building airbases for the US, and died of cardiac failure in 1994...his mortal remains were denied repatriation by Belgium.

1879: Thomas Edison publically demonstrated his incandescent light by illuminating 40 bulbs at his laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey.

[Jimbuna]

1942 Battle of the Barents Sea between British Navy and German Kriegsmarine off North Cape, Norway.

1946 US President Harry Truman officially proclaims end of WW II

1970 Paul McCartney files a lawsuit to dissolve The Beatles.

1974 Lindsey Buckingham & Stevie Nicks join Fleetwood Mac.

1997 More Swedes died than were born in 1997, 1st time since 1809

[Jimbuna]

1801 The Irish Parliament votes to join the Kingdom of Great Britain, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

1901 The Commonwealth of Australia is formed when the British (Imperial) Parliament Act, the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900, comes into effect.

1910 British naval officer David Beatty is promoted to rear-admiral.

1919 British naval officer David Beatty is promoted to full admiral.

1946 Emperor Hirohito of Japan announces he is not a god.

1958 European Economic Community, better known as the European Common Market starts operation.

[Jimbuna]

1941 World War II: The U.S. government announces its Liberty ship program to build freighters in support of the war effort.

1942 World War II: the 28 nations at war with Axis powers pledge to make no separate peace deals.

1942 The United States Navy opens a blimp base at Lakehurst, New Jersey.

1944 1st use of helicopters during warfare (British Atlantic patrol)

[Jimbuna]

1895 French Captain Alfred Dreyfus, convicted of treason, publicly stripped of his rank; later exonerated.

1919 German Workers' Party forms, precursor to the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi)

1971 Globetrotters lose 100-99 to NJ Reds, ending 2,495-game winning streak.

1972 US President Nixon signs a bill for NASA to begin research on a manned space shuttle.

1981 Peter Sutcliffe, a truck driver confesses that he is the "Yorkshire Ripper" and murdered 13 women.

[Jimbuna]

1835 US national debt is $0 for the first and only time in history.

1877 Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle with the United States Cavalry at Wolf Mountain (Montana Territory).

1940 Britain's first WW II rationing (bacon, butter & sugar)

2004 RMS Queen Mary 2, the largest passenger ship ever built, is christened by her namesake's granddaughter, Queen Elizabeth II

[Jimbuna]

1916 In retaliation for President Woodrow Wilson's recognition of the Carranza government, members of Pancho Villa's revolutionary army take 17 US mining engineers from a train and shoot 16 of them in cold blood.

1925 Allies refuse to evacuate the Cologne area of Germany as agreed.

1943 Soviet offensive against German 6th and 4th Armies near Stalingrad.

1946 UN General Assembly meets for first time in London.

1946 US Army bounces first radar signal off the Moon from Ft. Monmouth, New Jersey.

1947 Greek steamer "Himara" strikes a wartime mine in Saronic Gulf south of Athens with loss of 392 of 637 aboard.

1994 Ukraine says it will give up world's 3rd largest nuclear arsenal.

[Aktungbby]

1994 Ukraine says it will give up world's 3rd largest nuclear arsenal.Given the present global situation with Russian expansion into Syria, Crimea, Kazakhstan & present-day Ukraine...that might have been the turning point of WWIII...:hmmm::ping::ping::ping:

[Jimbuna]

Given the present global situation with Russian expansion into Syria, Crimea, Kazakhstan & present-day Ukraine...that might have been the turning point of WWIII...:hmmm::ping::ping::ping:

I wonder if they're regretting that decision now :hmmm:

[Aktungbby]

My private sources tell me they are.:O: But that the Lithuanian, Estonian, and Latvians, many of whom attended a small Lutheran Norwegian college in MN in the 70's are equally perturbed as this will not stop with Kiev's pummeling.

[Jimbuna]

1920 French passenger ship Afrique sinks near La Rochelle; 553 die.

1923 French & Belgian troops occupy Ruhr to collect reparations.

1964 First government report by US Surgeon General Luther Terry warning that smoking may be hazardous.

[Jimbuna]

1913 After using other pseudonyms over the years, Josef Dzhugashvili signs himself as Stalin ("man of steel") in a letter to the newspaper Social Democrat.

1916 Max Immelmann and Oswald Boelcke receive the Pour le Merite, the German Empire's highest military award, for achieving eight aerial victories each over Allied aircraft.

1945 US Task Force 38 destroys 41 Japanese ships in Battle of South China Sea.

1948 Mahatma Gandhi begins his final fast.

1962 Operation Ranch Hand begins, a US Air Force operation to spray South Vietnamese forests with defoliants such as Agent Orange.

1967 Louisville, Kentucky, draft board refuses exemption for boxer Muhammad Ali.

[Jimbuna]

1908 Henri Farman becomes the first person to fly an observed circuit of more than 1km, winning the Grand Prix d'Aviation.

1915 Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, presents plan for assault on Dardanelles.

1922 Conference of Cannes concerning German retribution payments ended.

1923 Taking advantage of the chaotic condition of Germany, Hitler stages a demonstration of 5000 storm troopers and denounces the 'November crime'

1942 German U-boats begin harassing shipping on US east coast.

1942 First use of aircraft ejection seat by a German test pilot in a Heinkel He 280 jet fighter.

1943 Adolf Hitler declares "Total War" against the Allies.

1992 Japan apologizes for forcing Korean women into sexual slavery during World War II

[Jimbuna]

1815 War of 1812: the USS President, an American frigate, is captured by four British frigates.

1922 Arthur Griffith is elected president of the Irish Free State after Eamon de Valera resigns in opposition to the Anglo-Irish Treaty (De Valera will lead a military opposition seeking a unified and independent Ireland)

1943 First transport of Jews from Amsterdam to concentration camp Vught.

1944 General Eisenhower arrives in England.

1944 Vught Concentration Camp puts 74 women in 1 cell, 10 die.

1955 USSR ends state of war with German Federal Republic.

1991 Elizabeth II signs letters patent that allows Australia to institute its own Victoria Cross, the first Commonwealth realm to do so.

2001 Wikipedia a free Wiki or content encyclopedia is launched by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger.

[Red Devil]

I'm looking forward to the entry:

On this day in xxxx; nothing happened :haha:

[Aktungbby]

1815 War of 1812: the USS President, an American frigate, is captured by four British frigates. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/HMS_Endymion_and_USS_President_exchange_broadsides .jpg Captain Hope of HMS Endymion should get most of the credit imho::Kaleun_Salute: Endymion was regarded as the fastest ship in the Royal Navy, as she recorded speeds that were faster than clipper ships. In the afternoon, Endymion and President began exchanging fire using their bow and stern-chase cannon. At 2 pm, Captain Henry Hope took Endymion into position on President's starboard quarter so that none of President's stern chasers could bear. From this position, Hope engaged President with Endymion's single brass 18-pounder bow chaser.[17] Decatur made several attempts to close on Endymion, but he discovered that President's damage limited her maneuverability and exaggerated the advantage in maneuverability of the smaller Endymion.
Faced with this new dilemma, Decatur ordered bar and chain-shot to be fired to disable Endymion's sails and rigging. But President was trapped; Decatur could not escape to the north, as he would have reached the Long Island shore and been forced to the east once more; nor could he escape to the south, as Endymion would most likely slow President enough that the rest of the British squadron would catch up.
Which they did! Considering the USS Constitution's victories over HMS Guerriere, 4 to 1 odds weren't inappropriate!:arrgh!: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/USS_Constitution_v_HMS_Guerriere.jpg followed by the defeat of HMS JAVA https://a.1stdibscdn.com/maarten-platje-1967-dutch-paintings-uss-constitution-vs-hms-java-after-the-battle-for-sale/a_181/1576781447990/USS_Constitution_vs_HMS_Java_After_the_Battle_mast er.jpg?disable=upscale&auto=webp&quality=60&width=1318 ...and the classic 'backing of the sail' maneuver to defeat HMS Cayan AND HMS Levant https://i.etsystatic.com/33113751/r/il/e44b19/3551829937/il_794xN.3551829937_sity.jpg The battle began, in the evening with Constitution to windward, Levant and Cyane on her port quarter. After broadsides where exchanged for 15 minutes, Cyane attempted to cross Constitution's stern and rake her. Stewart ordered the sails thrown aback, and Constitution instead raked Cyane. :timeout: As Levant tried to cross Constitution's bows, Stewart ordered the sails filled again, and raked Levant from astern. As Levant drifted downwind with battered rigging, Constitution turned again to engage Cyane, at this point the ship surrendered The USS Constitution's new skipper Commander Cmdr. Billie J. Farrell https://media.defense.gov/2022/Jan/05/2002917455/600/400/0/220105-N-NO999-0001.PNG has some big shoes to fill!:Kaleun_Salute:

[Jimbuna]

1913 British House of Commons accepts Home Rule for Ireland (but the Great War gets in the way of it happening)

1917 "Zimmermann Telegram" is sent from Germany to Mexico, stating in the event of the US entering World War I on the allied side, Mexico would be given Texas, Arizona and New Mexico. Intercepted by British intelligence and partially deciphered by the next day. It's release in March shifts US public opinion in favor of war against Germany.

1939 The Irish Republican Army (IRA) begins a 14 month long bombing campaign in England.

1941 US vice admiral Bellinger warns of an assault on Pearl Harbor.

1943 Red Army recaptures Pitomnik airport at Stalingrad.

1944 General Eisenhower takes command of Allied Invasion Force in London.

1945 Adolf Hitler moves into the Fuhrerbunker, his underground bunker in Berlin.

[Jimbuna]

1945 Auschwitz concentration camp begins evacuation.

1945 Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, credited with saving tens of thousands of Jews from the Nazis, arrested by Soviet secret police in Hungary.

1955 US Submarine Nautilus begins first nuclear-powered test voyage.

1961 President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers a televised farewell address to the nation three days before leaving office, in which he warns against the accumulation of power by the "military-industrial complex".

1972 Seven men who were held as internees escape from the prison ship HMS Maidstone in Belfast Lough, North Ireland.

1980 Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb prematurely detonates on a passenger train near Belfast, kills three and injuring five (including the bombers)

[Jimbuna]

1788 First elements of the First Fleet carrying 736 convicts from England to Australia arrives at Botany Bay to set up a penal colony.

1919 The Paris peace conference (aka the Versailles peace conference) opens to draw up the treaties formally ending the Great War (WWI)

1943 Soviets announce they have broken the long Siege of Leningrad by Nazi Germany by opening a narrow land corridor, though the siege would not be fully lifted until a year later.

1981 Iran accepts US offer of $7.9 billion in frozen assets.

1991 Iraq launches SCUD missiles against Israel.

[Jimbuna]

1915 World War I: Four people in Norfolk are killed in the first German Zeppelin air raid attack on the United Kingdom.

1940 The Three Stooges film "You Nazty Spy!" about the Nazis released with the disclaimer "Any resemblance between the characters in this picture and any persons, living or dead, is a miracle."

1950 Maiden flight by Canada's Avro Canada CF-100 military plane.

1971 The Beatles' "Helter Skelter" is played at Charles Manson trial.

1981 Muhammad Ali talks a despondent 21 year old out of committing suicide.

1983 Klaus Barbie, SS chief in Lyon in Nazi-occupied France, arrested in Bolivia.

[Jimbuna]

1921 British submarine HMS K5 (which was unusually equipped with steam turbines) sinks with 57 crew during exercises in the Bay of Biscay.

1936 Edward VIII succeeds British King George V

1942 Nazi officials hold notorious Wannsee Conference in Berlin to organize the "final solution", the extermination of Europe's Jews.

1944 RAF drops 2,300 ton of bombs on Berlin.

1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt sworn-in for an unprecedented (and never to be repeated) 4th term as US President.

1949 J. Edgar Hoover gives Shirley Temple a tear gas fountain pen.

1981 The US diplomats and citizens held hostage at the US embassy in Tehran are released and begin their journey home after 444 days.

[Aktungbby]

1937: President Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the first president inaugurated (his second inaugural)on January 20 instead of March 4. This was in accordance with the newly ratified 20th Amendment ie: the 'Lame Duck' amendment which reduced the time a defeated predecessor (a lame duck)had to remain uselessly in office following an election. Thus was our Democratic Process perfected!:roll::shifty::nope:

[Jimbuna]

1879 Zulu warriors attack British Army camp in Isandhlwana, South Africa.

1879 Battle of Rorke's Drift: British garrison of 150 holds off 3,000-4,000 Zulu warriors. Eleven Victoria Crosses and a number of other decorations were awarded to the defenders.

1943 Allied Joint Chiefs of Staff determine invasion of Sicily for July 10th

1944 Allied forces begin landing at Anzio on the Italian mainland.

1959 USAF concludes that less than 1% of UFOs are unknown objects.

1963 Elysée treaty of cooperation between France and Germany signed by Charles de Gaulle and Konrad Adenauer.

[Jimbuna]

1795 War of the First Coalition: French cavalry captures 14 Dutch ships and 850 guns near the port of Den Helder - rare instance of cavalry capturing a fleet.

1945 Karl Dönitz launches Operation Hannibal.

1950 Israeli Knesset resolves Jerusalem is capital of Israel.

1962 British intelligence officer Kim Philby defects to USSR

1973 US President Richard Nixon announces an accord has been reached to end Vietnam War.

1978 Sweden becomes the first nation in the world to ban aerosol sprays, believed to be damaging to earth's ozone layer.

2020 China locks down the city of Wuhan and its 9 million people, in a belated but ultimately successful effort to control the city's COVID-19 epidemic.

[Jimbuna]

1788 Captain Arthur Phillip and British colonists hoist the Union Flag at Sydney Cove, New South Wales, now celebrated as Australia Day. Referred to as Invasion Day by some First Nations people.

1932 British submarine M-2 sinks in English Channel (60 dead)

1942 1st US force in Europe during WW II go ashore in Northern Ireland.

1942 Italian supreme command demands dismissal of German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel.

1945 Soviet forces reach Auschwitz concentration camp.

1972 Serbian air stewardess Vesna Vulovic survives 10,160m fall without parachute - world's highest fall without a parachute.

1998 President Bill Clinton says "I want to say one thing to the American people; I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky"

[Jimbuna]

1915 First US ship lost in WW I, William P Frye (carrying wheat to UK)

1942 WW II Navy flier Don Mason sends message "Sighted sub sank same"

1944 U-271 & U-571 sunk off Ireland.

1953 19-year old Derek Bentley is hanged in Wandsworth Prison, London, controversially convicted of the murder of a police officer. He was pardoned on 30th July 1998.

1980 USCGC Blackthorn (WLB-391) collides with the tanker Capricorn while leaving Tampa Florida and capsizes killing 23 Coast Guard crewmembers.

1982 Italian police rescue US Brigadier General James Dozier, held hostage for six weeks by the Red Brigade of Padua, Italy.

1986 Space Shuttle Challenger explodes 73 seconds after liftoff from Cape Canaveral, with all 7 crew members killed, including Christa McAuliffe who was to be the first teacher in space.

[Jimbuna]

1916 First bombing of Paris by German Zeppelins takes place.

1917 British submarine K13 sank in the Gareloch, Scotland; 32 of her crew died.

1943 HMNZS Kiwi collides with Japanese submarine I-1 at Guadalcanal.

1943 U.S. cruiser "Chicago" is heavily damaged by Japanese bombers on the first day of the Battle of Rennell Island.

1944 USS Missouri, the last battleship commissioned by the US Navy, is launched.

2002 US President George W. Bush in his State of the Union address describes "regimes that sponsor terror" an "Axis of Evil", which includes Iraq, Iran and North Korea.

[Catfish]

Just in the News, it was fifty years ago in Derry when soldiers opened fire on civil rights demonstrators in Derry on 30 January 1972; which was later called "Bloody sunday".
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-60130409

Does he really think this will be forgotten? I do not trust the idea that this is done to "calm down everyone"
https://latestpagenews.com/news/bloody-sunday-massacre-how-boris-johnson-wants-to-let-the-perpetrators-get-away/

[Jimbuna]

1661 Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is ritually executed after having been dead for two years.

1933 President Paul von Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler as Reich Chancellor of Germany who forms a government with Franz von Papen.

1939 Adolf Hitler threatens Jews during his speech to the German Reichstag (Parliament)

1943 Six British Mosquitos bomb Berlin in daylight.

1943 Adolf Hitler promotes Friedrich Paulus, commander of the 6th Army, to Field Marshal in the hope that he will not surrender.

1945 "Wilhelm Gustloff" torpedoed off Danzig by Soviet sub-c 9,400 die.

1965 State funeral for Winston Churchill at St Paul's Cathedral in London; at the time, the world's largest ever state funeral.

1972 Bloody Sunday: 27 unarmed civilians are shot (14 are killed) by the British Army during a civil rights march in Derry, Northern Ireland; this is the highest death toll from a single shooting incident during 'the Troubles'

[Jimbuna]

1917 Germany notifies US that U-boats will attack neutral merchant ships.

1918 A series of accidental collisions on a misty Scottish night leads to the loss of two Royal Navy submarines with over a hundred lives, and damage to another five British warships.

1943 Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus surrenders to Soviet troops at Stalingrad.

1944 Operation-Overlord (D-Day) postponed until June.

1944 U-592 sunk off Ireland.

1950 US President Harry Truman publicly announces support for the development of a hydrogen bomb.

1957 Eight people on the ground in Pacoima, California are killed following the mid-air collision between a Douglas DC-7 airliner and a Northrop F-89 Scorpion fighter jet.

1972 British Home Secretary Reginald Maudling to House of Commons on 'Bloody Sunday', "The Army returned the fire directed at them with aimed shots and inflicted a number of casualties on those who were attacking them with firearms and with bombs"

1983 In an effort to reduce driving deaths, a new law in UK requires drivers and front-seat passengers to wear seatbelts.

[Jimbuna]

1587 Queen Elizabeth I of England signs death warrant for her cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots.

1917 German Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz announces unrestricted submarine warfare against allied shipping.

1920 Royal Canadian Mounted Police forms as Royal Northwest Mounted Police merge with Dominion Police.

1933 German Parliament is dissolved by President Paul von Hindenburg by the request of new chancellor Adolf Hitler.

1942 Second Norwegian government of Vidkun Quisling forms.

1943 German occupiers make Vidkun Quisling Norwegian premier.

1950 USSR demands condemnation of Emperor Hirohito for war crimes.

1958 Manchester United beats Arsenal, 5-4 at Highbury in the team's last game on British soil, 5 days prior to the plane crash at Munich airport that killed 7 players.

1968 Saigon police chief Nguyễn Ngọc Loan executes Viet Cong officer Nguyễn Văn Lém with a pistol shot to head. The execution is captured by photographer Eddie Adams and becomes an anti-war icon.

2003 Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrates during reentry into the Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts aboard.

[Aktungbby]

1887: Punxsutawney Pennsylvania holds its first Groundhog Day festival. Today the groundhog, Punxsutawney Phil, saw his shadow. IE:...damn! six more weeks of winter!!:timeout:

[Jimbuna]

1653 New Amsterdam becomes a city (later renamed New York)

1901 Queen Victoria's Funeral takes place in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England.

1933 2 days after becoming chancellor, Adolf Hitler dissolves the German Reichstag (Parliament)

1943 German 6th Army surrenders after Battle of Stalingrad in a major turning point in Europe during World War II

1944 Allied troops first set foot on Japanese territory.

1954 President Eisenhower announces the detonation of the world's first hydrogen bomb (tested in 1952)

[Jimbuna]

1917 US liner Housatonic is sunk by German submarine, on the same day that US President Woodrow Wilson breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany.

1945 Almost 1,000 Flying Fortresses drop 3,000 tons of bombs on Berlin.

1982 Greatest helicopter lift, 56,888 kg, Podmoscovnoe, USSR

1993 Federal trial of 4 police officers charged with civil rights violations in videotaped beating of Rodney King begins in Los Angeles, California.

[Aktungbby]

1917 US liner Housatonic is sunk by German submarine, on the same day that US President Woodrow Wilson breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany. That would be the second vessel named Housatonic sunk by submarine: the first was sunk by the CSS Hunley 53 years earlier:hmmm: https://scliving.coop/downloads/927/download/hunley_attack_underwater.jpg?cb=e467b7a386b3cb3f27 8c37591347517a Rule 1 of submarine warfare...DO NOT name your ship "Housatonic":arrgh!:

[Jimbuna]

1935 "Monopoly" board game goes on sale for first time.

1943 First Spitfire in action above Darwin, Australia, Mu Ki-46 shot down.

1952 Queen Elizabeth II succeeds King George VI to the British throne and proclaimed Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms including Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

1964 France & Great-Britain sign accord over building channel tunnel.

1971 The Irish Republican Army shoots and kills Gunner Robert Curtis, the first British soldier to die during the 'Troubles'

1971 Bernard Watt (28), a Catholic civilian, is shot and killed by the British Army during street disturbances in Ardoyne, Belfast.

1971 James Saunders (22), a member of the IRA, is shot and killed by the British Army during a gun battle near the Oldpark Road, Belfast.

1983 Trial of former Gestapo commandant Klaus Barbie begins in France for war crimes during World War II

[Jimbuna]

1783 Great Siege of Gibraltar launched by France and Spain against the British colony during American War of Independence is lifted after 3 years and 7 months.

1962 US President JFK begins blockade of Cuba by banning all Cuban imports and exports.

1991 The IRA launches a mortar attack on 10 Downing Street during a cabinet meeting.

1992 Maastricht Treaty signed by 12 countries from the European Community (EC) to create the European Union (EU)

[Aktungbby]

1965: The Supreme's record "Stop! In the Name of Love!" is released by Motown....2021: Mary Wilson, one of the original Supremes members, passed away at her Nevada home, aged 76.:hmmm:

[Jimbuna]

1587 Mary, Queen of Scots, is beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle aged 44 after being convicted of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth I in the Babington Plot.

1807 Battle of Eylau ends inconclusively between Napoleon's forces and Russian Empire - first battle Napoleon isn't victorious.

1912 British Emissary journeys to Berlin to suggest that Britain might support German colonial aspirations in Africa if Germany agrees to hold her current naval strength.

1916 French cruiser "Admiral Charner" torpedoed off Syrian coast, kills 374

1944 U-762 sunk off Ireland.

1960 Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom issued an Order-in-Council, stating that she and her family would be known as the House of Windsor, and that her descendants will take the name "Mountbatten-Windsor".

[Jimbuna]

1916 Britain's military service act enforced (conscription)

1944 U-734/U-238 sunk off Ireland.

1945 The Battle of the Atlantic: HMS Venturer sinks U-Boat 864 off the coast of Norway.

1961 The Beatles first gig at Liverpool's Cavern Club; they would play there nearly 300 times over the next two years.

1964 GI Joe character created.

1996 The Irish Republican Army declares the end of its 18 month ceasefire shortly followed by a large bomb in London's Canary Wharf.

2001 American submarine USS Greeneville accidentally strikes and sinks the Ehime-Maru, a Japanese training vessel operated by the Uwajima Fishery High School; nine the Ehime-Maru's crew members were killed, including four high school students.

[Jimbuna]

1906 British battleship HMS Dreadnought launches after only 100 days, renders all other capital ships obsolete with its revolutionary design,

1944 U-666/U-545 sink off Ireland.

1947 WW II peace treaties signed.

1954 President Dwight Eisenhower warns against US intervention in Vietnam.

1962 USSR swaps spy Francis Gary Power to US for Rudolph Abel.

1964 Australian destroyer HMAS Voyager sinks after colliding with aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne, killing 82

1972 Two British soldiers are killed in a land mine attack near Cullyhanna, County Armagh; an IRA member is shot dead during an exchange of gunfire with RUC officers.

1996 A bomb explodes in Docklands area of London, ending the 17-month ceasefire; James McArdle is eventually found guilty and jailed for 25 years.

[Jimbuna]

1797 The Battle of Cape St Vincent: British fleet under Admiral Sir John Jervis defeats larger Spanish fleet under Admiral Don José de Córdoba y Ramos near Cape St. Vincent, Portugal. Captain Horatio Nelson distinguishes himself.

1876 Alexander G. Bell & Elisha Gray apply separately for telephone patents Supreme Court eventually rules Bell rightful inventor.

1912 First US submarines with diesel engines commissioned, Groton, Connecticut.

1929 St Valentine's Day Massacre in Chicago, 7 gangsters killed, allegedly on Al Capone's orders.

1940 British merchant vessel fleet is armed.

1942 The Polish resistance movement, the Home Army, is formed and will eventually become the largest resistance movement in occupied Europe.

1971 Richard Nixon installs secret taping system in the White House.

[Jimbuna]

1852 Great Ormond St Hospital for Sick Children, London, admits first patient.

1898 USS Maine sinks in Havana harbor, cause unknown, 258 sailors die.

1933 President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt survives assassination attempt but Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak is mortally wounded, he would die on March 29

1942 British ruled Singapore surrenders to the Japanese.

1944 891 British bombers attack Berlin in the largest raid by the RAF against the city.

1944 Allies begin attack on Axis held Monte Cassino monastery, Italy.

1952 King George VI is buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England.

1971 After 1,200 years Great Britain abandons pence & shilling system for decimal currency.

1971 A British soldier dies 7 days after being mortally wounded in an Irish Republican Army attack in North Ireland.

1989 Soviet military occupation of Afghanistan ends.

1998 The Angel of the North, a large-scale steel sculpture 20 m (66 ft) tall by Antony Gormley is installed at Gateshead, northern England.

[Aktungbby]

1960: The nuclear powered radar picket submarine USS Triton departs New London, Connecticut on the first submerged circumnavigation of the globe by a vessel.:up:

[Jimbuna]

1659 First known cheque written (£400), now on display at Westminster Abbey.

1861 Abraham Lincoln stops his train at Westfield on his way to Washington to thank 11-year old Grace Bedell in person for her advice to grow a beard to gain more votes.

1916 The US rejects the right of Germany and Austria-Hungary to sink armed merchant ships.

1916 The German ambassador in Washington announces that Germany will pay an indemnity for American lives lost on the Lusitania.

1923 Howard Carter opens the inner burial chamber of Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb and finds the sarcophagus.

1940 British search plane finds German supply ship Altmark, used to accommodate allied sailors from vessels sunk by the Graf Spee off Norway.

1942 German submarines attack Aruba oil refinery.

1942 Bangka Island massacre: Japanese soldiers machine-gun 22 Australian Army nurses and 60 Australian and British soldiers and crew members from two sunken ships. Only one nurse and two soldiers survive.

1960 US nuclear submarine USS Triton set off on underwater round-world trip.

[Jimbuna]

1940 Altmark Incident: Crew of the British destroyer "Cossack" board German "Altmark" in Jøssingfjord, Norway, releasing 299 British prisoners after hand-to-hand fighting with bayonets and the last recorded Royal Naval action with cutlass.

1969 Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash record an album; it is never released.

1972 British Parliament votes to join the European Common Market.

[Aktungbby]

https://scliving.coop/downloads/927/download/hunley_attack_underwater.jpg?cb=e467b7a386b3cb3f27 8c37591347517a 1864: On this Day of Days, the whole thing becomes feasible. The CSS Hunley hand-cranks it's way to the USS Housatonic blockading Charleston Harbor, South Carolina and exploded its too-short spar blackpowder charge in the first naval attack of its kind. Both vessels. incl. Hunley, with all 8 hands, were sunk. All submarine subsequent :shifty: development since is merely an improvement on the primary concept; ie: breaking naval blockades or creating them with submarine warfare.The first step on the long journey to reading this :subsim: post...begins here 158 years ago! :Kaleun_Salute:

[Jimbuna]

1914 Four-year old Charlotte May Pierstorff mailed by train from Grangeville, Idaho to her grandparents’ house 73 miles away in most famous 'child in the post' instance.

1915 British fleet opens fire on Dardanelles coast.

1942 About 150 Japanese warplanes attack the Australian city of Darwin.

1942 FDR orders detention & internment of all west-coast Japanese-Americans.

1944 U-264 sinks off Ireland.

1945 980 Japanese soldiers reportedly killed by crocodiles in 2 days on Ramree Island, Burma.

1945 US 5th Fleet launches invasion of Iwo Jima against the Japanese with 30,000 US Marines.

[Jimbuna]

1938 UK Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden resigns stating Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain has appeased Nazi Germany.

1938 Adolf Hitler announces his support for Japan during the Sino-Japanese War.

1942 Lt E H O'Hare single-handedly shoots down 5 Japanese heavy bombers, becomes America's first World War II flying ace.

1944 Battle of Eniwetok: US forces take Enewetak Atoll at the cost of 37 Americans killed or missing and 94 wounded, Japanese losses were 800 dead and 23 prisoners.

1947 Earl Mountbatten of Burma appointed as last viceroy of India to oversee the move to independence.

1959 Jimi Hendrix (16), rock and roll guitarist, plays his first gig in the Temple De Hirsch synagogue basement, Seattle; fired from the band after the 1st set due to "wild" playing.

1975 A feud begins between the official Irish Republican Army and the Irish National Liberation Army; the two groups assassinate a number of each other's volunteers until the feud ends in June 1975

1979 11 'loyalists' known as the "Shankill Butchers" are sentenced to life in prison for 19 murders; the gang was named for its late-night kidnapping, torture and murder (by throat slashing) of random Catholic civilians in Belfast.

[Jimbuna]

1917 British troopship SS Mendi sinks off Isle of Wight, 646 die.

1922 Irish Nationalist Eamon De Valera calls a convention of the Sinn Féin, declaring the Republican Government the only legitimate one in all Ireland.

1945 Battle of Monte Castello (Italy): Allied forces, including the first land battle of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force, defeat Germans after three months of fierce fighting in the foothills of the Apennine Mountains.

1958 British artist Gerald Holtom designs Nuclear Disarmament logo, based on blended semaphore signals for the letters N and D; it later became an international peace symbol.

[Jimbuna]

1797 The Last Invasion of Britain, launched by the French during the Revolutionary Wars, begins near Fishguard, Wales.

1909 Great White Fleet, first US fleet to circle the globe, returns to Virginia.

1915 Germany begins "unrestricted" submarine warfare.

1935 Airplanes are no longer permitted to fly over the White House.

1940 German air force sinks 2 German destroyers, killing 578 (Operation Wikinger)

1942 World War II: President Franklin Roosevelt orders General Douglas MacArthur out of the Philippines as American defences collapse.

1944 US Army Air Forces accidentally bomb Dutch town of Nijmegen, around 800 civilians die.

1967 25,000 US and South Vietnamese troops launch Operation Junction City against the Viet Cong. Largest US airborne assault since WWII.

1997 Dolly the Sheep, world's first cloned mammal (from an adult cell) is announced by the Roslin Institute in Scotland.

[Jimbuna]

1836 Alamo besieged for 13 days until March 6 by Mexican army under General Santa Anna; entire garrison eventually killed.

1918 First victory of Red Army over the Kaiser's German troops near Narva and Pskov. Since 1923 this date become the Day of Red Army in honour of this victory.

1941 Plutonium first produced and isolated by American chemist Glenn T. Seaborg at Berkeley.

1942 Japanese submarine fires on oil refinery in Ellwood, California.

1945 US Marines raise American flag on top of Mt. Suribachi, Iwo Jima. Pulitzer Prize winning photo of which by Joe Rosenthall later became iconic, inspiring the Marine Corps War Memorial sculpture.

1991 US President George H. W. Bush gives Iraq a 24-hour deadline to withdraw from Kuwait or face a ground war.

1998 Osama bin Laden publishes a fatwa declaring jihad against all Jews and Crusaders.

[Jimbuna]

1910 Dalai Lama flees Tibet for British India to escape Chinese troops.

1916 Battle of Verdun: German troops conquer Fort Douaumont without firing a shot, the largest and highest fort defending the city of Verdun during World War I

1923 Bread in Berlin rises to 2,000 marks.

1932 Austrian immigrant Adolf Hitler gets German citizenship.

1933 First genuine US aircraft carrier named, USS Ranger.

1945 US aircraft carriers attack Tokyo.

[Red Devil]

1659 First known cheque written (£400), now on display at Westminster Abbey.

A sort of 'check' was used by the Knights Templar. A person would approach the Templars and tell them he is travelling to X; they will issue him with a notary valued at whatever is agreed. When the person arrives at X; he can cash it in. He leave the amount at the 'bank' and collects from the destination 'bank'.

[Aktungbby]

https://www.bbc.com/news/business-38499883 The Templar paperwork was more "a letter of credit' and probably coded to insure legitimacy. Before the Templars, ca 804 the Chinese were using "feiquan" a two document flying cash system. In my truckin Daze drivers were given blank chck-sized drafts to be encoded with a long code number in $100 increments as we trundled arount the continental US for months at a time. They could be cashed at the fuel desk of major truck stops and my own bank which likened then to 'drafts'... The movie Robert Taylor's Ivanhoe touches upon the matter emphatically in the ransome for King Richard: Is this enough yet?
- Not yet.

From the people of Israel,
100,000 marks of silver.

So do we fulfill our part of the pledge
to ransom Richard.

One hundred thousand marks of silver
in that scrap of nothing?

We need help for Richard
that a man can see and touch.

That scrap of nothing
is not nothing, milord.

There are merchants in Vienna
who owe sums to our people in York.

These writings call on our debtors
to pay what they owe in Austrian gold.

Can you also convert this weighty trash
to writings?

It shall be done.

[Jimbuna]

1797 Bank of England issues first £1 note.

1815 Napoleon Bonaparte and his supporters leave Elba to start a 100 day re-conquest of France.

1914 HMHS Britannic, sister to the Titanic, is launched at Harland & Wolff, Belfast.

1924 Trial against Adolf Hitler for treason in "Beer Hall Putsch" begins in Munich, Germany.

1935 RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) first demonstrated by Robert Watson-Watt.

1952 PM Winston Churchill announces Britain has its own atomic bomb.

[Jimbuna]

1925 Adolf Hitler resurrects NSDAP political party in Munich.

1933 The Reichstag, German parliament building, destroyed by fire; possibly set by the Nazis, who blame and execute Martin van der Lubbe, a Dutch Communist.

1942 Battle of Java Sea began: 13 US warships sunk and 2 Japanese.

1943 The Rosenstrasse protest starts in Berlin.

1989 German war criminals Aus der Funten and Fischer freed in Holland.

1998 Britain's House of Lords agrees to end 1,000 years of male precedence by giving a monarch's first-born daughter the same claim to the throne as any first born son.

2012 Wikileaks begins disclosing 5 million emails from private intelligence company Stratfor.

[Red Devil]

1925 Adolf Hitler resurrects NSDAP political party in Munich.

1998 Britain's House of Lords agrees to end 1,000 years of male precedence by giving a monarch's first-born daughter the same claim to the throne as any first born son.

Tell that to Elizabeth I and II & Victoria :yeah:

[Jimbuna]

1844 12-inch gun aboard USS Princeton explodes, killing Secretary of State Abel P. Upshur, Secretary of the Navy Thomas Gilmer, and other high-ranking U.S. federal officials.

1933 On Adolf Hitler's advice, German President Paul von Hindenburg signs the Reichstag Fire Decree after the building is destroyed by fire in Berlin; this eliminates many civil liberties in Germany.

1966 Cavern Club (Beatles hangout) in Liverpool, England closes.

1967 A West German court rules that impostor Anna Anderson failed to prove that she was missing Russian duchess Anastasia Romanov, ending a legal case that lasted almost 30 years.

1981 People's Republic of China throws out the Netherlands ambassador due to Dutch sales of submarines to Taiwan.

1991 Gulf War ends after Iraq accepts a ceasefire following their retreat from Kuwait.

[Jimbuna]

1896 Battle of Adwa: 80,000 Ethiopians destroy 20,000 Italians in Ethopia, killing two generals and capturing General Matteo Albertone.

1913 David Beatty becomes Rear-Admiral Commanding the Royal Navy's 1st Battlecruiser Squadron.

1916 Germany begins attacking ships in the Atlantic.

1917 US government releases the plain text of the "Zimmermann Telegram" to the public.

1941 Himmler inspects Auschwitz concentration camp.

1944 U-358 sinks in Atlantic.

1953 After an all-night movie and dinner session with his top advisers, Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses. He dies four days later.

1954 US explodes Castle Bravo, a 15 megaton hydrogen bomb at Bikini Atoll, which accidentally became the most powerful nuclear device ever detonated by the US

1972 Two Catholic teenagers shot dead by the Royal Ulster Constabulary while 'joy riding' in a stolen car in Belfast.

[Aktungbby]

1896 Battle of Adwa: 80,000 Ethiopians destroy 20,000 Italians in Ethopia, killing two generals and capturing General Matteo Albertone. Considering Little Big Horn: 1876 -3,000 +- Sioux/ Cheyenne; Isandlwana 1879- 20,000 Zulu vs 1200 British and two recent bugouts: Russian and 'Merican version against Afghan Taliban...the master race has yet to get over the Soviet theory (subhuman Slavs vs Aryans): "Numbers have a cachet of their own" ... superior technology not withstanding:shucks: :oops::dead:

[Red Devil]

1944 U-358 sinks in Atlantic.. and so were 243 others

[Jimbuna]

1796 Napoléon Bonaparte is appointed Commander-in-Chief of the French Army in Italy.

1836 Republic of Texas declares independence from Mexico in Columbia.

1882 Queen Victoria narrowly escapes assassination when Roderick Maclean shoots at her while boarding a train in Windsor.

1888 The Convention of Constantinople signed, guaranteeing free maritime passage through the Suez Canal during war and peace.

1915 British vice admiral Sackville Hamilton Carden begins bombardment of Dardanelles forts.

1944 Fumes from locomotive stalled in a tunnel suffocate 521 in Italy.

1974 Grand jury concludes US President Richard Nixon is involved in Watergate cover-up.

1991 US Army controversially destroys a retreating Iraqi Republican Guard column at Rumaila Oil Field, despite a ceasefire being observed.

2002 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: US conventional forces first deployed as part of Operation Anaconda.

[Jimbuna]

1917 German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann publicly admits the "Zimmermann Telegram" is genuine. Generates support for the US declaration of war on Germany in April.

1942 First combat flight for Canadian British-built Avro Lancaster bomber.

1943 Bethnal Green Tube disaster: 173 die in a stampede sheltering in an air raid, UK's greatest loss of civilian life in WWII (details censored till January 20 1945)

1991 Los Angeles police officers severely beat motorist Rodney King, the beating is famously captured on amateur video and later leads to riots when the police officers are acquitted.

2002 Citizens of Switzerland narrowly vote in favor of their country becoming a member of the United Nations.

[Jimbuna]

1915 World War I: The LZ 33, a zeppelin, is damaged by enemy fire and stranded south of Ostend.

1933 Germany's Nazi Party wins majority in parliament (43.9%-17.2M votes)

1946 Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech in Fulton, Missouri, popularizes the term and draws attention to the division of Europe.

1960 Elvis Presley ends 2-year hitch in US Army.

[Aktungbby]

1946 Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech in Fulton, Missouri, popularizes the term and draws attention to the division of Europe. No longer a footnote to history I'll wager!:o:shucks:

[Red Devil]

1942 First combat flight for Canadian British-built Avro Lancaster bomber.

Not sure I understand that. You mean Canadian flown?

[Jimbuna]

Not sure I understand that. You mean Canadian flown?

Yes....the aircraft made its first test flight from Manchester's Ringway Airport on 9 January 1941 and was first on combat operations with the Canadians on March 3rd 1942. At least this is my understanding.

[Jimbuna]

1530 English King Henry VIII's divorce request is denied by the Pope.

1876 Alexander Graham Bell receives a patent for the telephone in the US

1918 President Woodrow Wilson authorizes US Army's Distinguished Service Medal.

1936 Adolf Hitler breaks the Treaty of Versailles by sending troops into the Rhineland.

1942 15 Mk-VB Spitfires reach Malta.

1945 Attack on car of Netherlands SS Police Chief Hans Rauter by Dutch resistance, Rauter injured.

1945 US 9th Armoured Division attacks Remagen Germany, crosses Rhine.

1946 Bikini Atoll islanders are evacuated by the US government to make way for a nuclear testing site.

1989 Iran drops diplomatic relations with Britain over Salman Rushdie's book "Satanic Verses"

[Jimbuna]

1915 First US navy minelayer, Baltimore, commissioned.

1971 Gun battle between Official Irish Republican Army and Provisional IRA leave 1 man killed; result of feud between two wings of the IRA developing since the split in 1970

1973 The Provisional Irish Republican Army undertakes its first operation in Great Britain, planting four car bombs in London; 10 members of PIRA are arrested at Heathrow Airport while trying to leave the country.

1983 President Reagan first known use of term "Evil Empire" (about the USSR) in speech in Florida.

2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 with 239 people loses contact and disappears, prompting the most expensive search effort in history and one of the most enduring aviation mysteries.

[Aktungbby]

1983: ln speech to the national Association of Evangelicals convention in Orlando, Florida, President Ronald Reagan referred to the Soviet Union as an "evil empire"...a fact I'm not disPUTIN' in the slightest!??:shucks:

[Jimbuna]

1834 French Foreign Legion is founded.

1841 US Supreme Court rules the kidnapped slaves from the Spanish schooner the Amistad are free.

1935 Adolf Hitler publicly announces the creation of a new air force, the Luftwaffe.

1945 334 US B-29 Superfortresses attack Tokyo with 120,000 fire bombs.

1953 Joseph Stalin's funeral is held in Moscow after four days of national mourning.

1971 Three off-duty Scottish soldiers are killed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army; 4000 shipyard workers take to the streets to demand internment in response.

1972 Four members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) die in a premature explosion at a house in Clonard Street, Lower Falls, Belfast.

1974 Last Japanese soldier, a guerrilla operating in the Philippines, surrenders, 29 years after World War II ended.

1994 IRA launch first of three mortar attacks on London's Heathrow Airport.

[Jimbuna]

1708 Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.

1915 The British declare a blockade of all German ports.

1935 Hermann Goering officially creates the Luftwaffe (German Air Force)

1942 General MacArthur leaves Corregidor (Bataan) for Australia.

1945 1,000 allied bombers harass Essen, 4,662 ton bombs.

1945 Flemish nazi collaborator Maria Huygens sentenced to death.

1958 American B-47 accidentally drops nuclear bomb 15,000 ft on a family home in Mars Bluff, South Carolina; creates crater 75 ft across, bomb without its nuclear capsule.

[Aktungbby]

1958 American B-47 accidentally drops nuclear bomb 15,000 ft on a family home in Mars Bluff, South Carolina; creates crater 75 ft across, bomb without its nuclear capsule.
If there'd been a nuke capsule...Mars wouldn't exactly have been Bluffing?!!:timeout::hmmm: https://cdnb.artstation.com/p/assets/images/images/028/063/571/large/daniel-acosta-dioses-marte-d-g.jpg?1593390317

[Aktungbby]

1912: the Girl Scouts of America had its beginnings as Juliette Gordon Low of Savannah, Georgia founded the American troop of the Girl Guides. My mom was a den mother to my 1 yr younger sister's 7 member girl scout troop. I was the eigth person for two tables of bridge game trainees as mom thought 'ladies' should all play bridge and had hired an instructor. I still play to this day; and keep up with two of the scouts who went to my college. And, I bought 4 boxes of Girl scout mint cookies (my only vice these daze:har::timeout:) from their annual $tand in front of the supermarket!:yeah:

[Jimbuna]

1905 Mata Hari first performs her dance act at the Guimet Museum, Paris.

1918 Leon Trotsky gains control of the Red Army.

1920 After the German government is forced to cut its army to 10,000 men, military groups plot an unsuccessful coup - a revolt ended by a general strike.

1933 Joseph Goebbels becomes Nazi Germany's Minister of Information and Propaganda.

1943 Failed assassin attempt on Adolf Hitler during Smolensk-Rastenburg flight.

1954 Viet Minh General Võ Nguyên Giáp opens the assault on French forces at Dien Bien Phu, northwest Vietnam.

[Jimbuna]

1915 German cruiser Dresden scuttled off Más a Tierra, Chile, having been pursued by the Royal Navy after the Battle of the Falkland Islands, with her engines worn out and virtually no coal.

1918 First concrete ship to cross the Atlantic (Faith) is launched in San Francisco.

1943 World War II: Kraków Ghetto is "liquidated"

2013 Xi Jinping named the new President of the People's Republic of China.

[Jimbuna]

44 BC Julius Caesar is stabbed to death by Brutus, Cassius and several other Roman senators on the Ides of March in Rome.

1939 Adolf Hitler summons Czech President Emil Hácha to a meeting in Berlin and informs him of the impending attack by Germany; Hácha suffers a heart attack and later capitulates.

1939 Reneging on his pledge in the Munich Agreement, Adolf Hitler and Germany occupy and annex Czechoslovakia.

2019 Climate change strikes held by school children take place around the world inspired by Swedish teenager Greta Thunberg.

[Jimbuna]

1915 British battle cruisers Inflexible and Irresistible hit mines in Dardanelles.

1935 Adolf Hitler orders German re-armament in violation of The Treaty of Versailles.

1945 Würzburg, Germany is 90% destroyed, with 5,000 dead, in only 20 minutes by British bombers.

1955 President Eisenhower upholds the use of atomic weapons in case of war.

1968 My Lai massacre occurs when American soldiers kill ~400 unarmed Vietnamese civilians, in one of the most controversial incidents of the Vietnam War.

1988 Chemical attack on Kurdish town of Halabja by Iraqi forces kills 5000 civilians - largest ever chemical weapons attack.

[Jimbuna]

432 Saint Patrick, aged about 16 is captured by Irish pirates from his home in Great Britain and taken as a slave to Ireland (traditional date)

1960 US President Eisenhower forms anti-Castro-exile army under the CIA

1966 US submarine locates missing hydrogen bomb on the Mediterranean sea floor.

1973 Queen Elizabeth II opens new London Bridge.

1973 St. Patrick's Day marchers carry 14 coffins commemorating Bloody Sunday.

1976 4 Catholic civilians (including 2 children) are killed and twelve wounded when the Ulster Volunteer Force explode a car bomb at Hillcrest Bar, Dungannon.

[Aktungbby]

2018: In a phone call to Vladimir Putin, Donald Trump offered congratulations on Putin's reelection victory; a senior official said Trump had been warned in briefing materials that he should not congratulate Putin. US briefing materials are strangely "on point" these daze...:doh:

[Jimbuna]

1815 Napoleon enters Paris after escape from Elba, begins 100-day rule.

1917 After the sinking of 3 more American merchant ships, US President Woodrow Wilson meets with cabinet, who agree that war is inevitable.

1933 Dachau the first Nazi concentration camp, is completed.

1942 General Douglas MacArthur vows "I came through and I shall return" after escaping Japanese-occupied Philippines.

2016 Barack Obama becomes the first US President to visit Cuba since 1928, arriving for a 3 day tour.

[Jimbuna]

1933 Day of Potsdam in Nazi Germany, a ceremony to open the new Reichstag after the fire in February; Adolf Hitler and Paul von Hindenburg shake hands in public.

1943 Assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler fails.

1945 First Japanese kamikaze "flying bombs" (MXY-7 Ohka) attack Okinawa.

1989 First sea test of Trident 2 missile self-destructs, Cape Canaveral, Florida.

2014 Russia formally annexes Crimea amid international condemnation.

[Jimbuna]

1941 James Stewart is inducted into the Army, becoming the first major American movie star to wear a military uniform in World War II

1944 American movie star Jimmy Stewart flies his 12th combat mission, leading the 2nd Bomb Wing in an attack on Berlin.

1965 US confirms its troops used chemical warfare against the Vietcong.

1979 Provisional Irish Republican Army assassinates Richard Sykes, the British ambassador to the Netherlands, in Den Haag.

1979 The Provisional Irish Republican Army explode 24 bombs in various locations across Northern Ireland.

1994 Dutch Ambassador to US christens a new tulip (the Hillary Clinton)

[Jimbuna]

1918 Germany begins using long-range gun, the 'Kaiser Wilhelm Geschütz' ('Emperor William Gun'), aka 'Paris Gun' to shell Paris from Crépy-en-Laonnais, 75 miles away; over several days, 303 rounds kill 256 and wound over 600

1919 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party re-establishes a five-member Politburo which becomes the center of political power in the Soviet Union. Original members Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Lev Kamenev and Nikolai Krestinsky.

1921 Germany announces it will be unable to meet its Great War reparation payments.

1931 Indian independence fighters Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar are hung after conducting an assassination and a bombing. Their request to be shot by a firing squad is refused.

1933 Enabling Act: German Reichstag grants Adolf Hitler dictatorial powers.

1945 Lt. Gen. Miles Dempsey becomes the first British commander to cross the Rhine during the Allied invasion of Germany.

[Aktungbby]

1918 Germany begins using long-range gun, the 'Kaiser Wilhelm Geschütz' ('Emperor William Gun'), aka 'Paris Gun' to shell Paris from Crépy-en-Laonnais, 75 miles away; over several days, 303 rounds kill 256 and wound over 600 2.8250825 casualties per round is a poor return on investment; especially that late in the war to end all wars https://www.warhistoryonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/The-Paris-Gun-1.jpg As military weapons, the Paris Guns were not a great success: the payload was small, the barrel required frequent replacement, and the guns' accuracy was good enough for only city-sized targets. The German objective was to build a psychological weapon to attack the morale of the Parisians, not to destroy the city itself. but now I definitely see where the Golden gate came from https://marinmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/data-import/dc00b321/golden-gate-bridge.jpg :timeout::yeah: :yep:

[Red Devil]

2014 Russia formally annexes Crimea amid international condemnation.

All mouth and no substance

[Jimbuna]

1942 US government begins moving native-born citizens with Japanese ancestry into detention centres under Executive Order 9066, with intention of preventing home-grown espionage.

1944 76 Allied officers escape Stalag Luft 3 (Great Escape)

1944 In occupied Rome, Nazis execute 335 civilians in retaliation for the previous day's Via Rassela bombing that killed 33 Germans.

1944 RAF rear gunner Nicholas Alkemade survives a jump from his Lancaster bomber 18,000 feet over Germany without a parachute; his fall broken by pine trees and soft snow, suffers only a sprained leg.

1945 Operation Varsity: In the largest one-day airborne operation of all time, British, US & Canadian paratroopers land east of the Rhine in Northern Germany.

1947 John D. Rockefeller Jr donates NYC East River site to the UN

1958 Elvis Presley joins the U.S. Army (serial number 53310761)

[Aktungbby]

1915: the US Navy lost its first commissioned submarine as the USS F-4 sank off Hawaii, claiming all 21 crew members. :Kaleun_Salute:

[Jimbuna]

1941 Sea battle at Cape Matapan: British fleet under Cunningham defeats Italy.

1942 British naval forces raid Nazi occupied French port of St Nazaire.

1942 St. Nazaire Raid (Operation Chariot): obsolete British destroyer HMS Campbeltown, rigged with explosives and flying German flags, rams gates of German occupied St Nazaire port in France, and self detonates; kills 360 Germans, and disables the dry dock for duration of the war.

1945 Last German V-1 (buzz bomb) attack on London.

2003 In a "friendly fire" incident, two US A-10 Thunderbolt IIs from the 190th Fighter Squadron attack British tanks participating in the invasion of Iraq, killing British soldier Matty Hull.

[Jimbuna]

1848 Niagara Falls stops flowing for 30 hours due to an ice jam.

1912 Captain Robert Falcon Scott, storm-bound in a tent near South Pole, makes last entry in his diary "the end cannot be far"

1942 British cruiser HMS Trinidad torpedoes itself in the Barents Sea.

1942 German submarine U-585 sinks.

1945 Movie star Jimmy Stewart is promoted to full colonel, one of the few Americans to rise from private to colonel in four years.

1973 US troops leave Vietnam, 9 yrs after Tonkin Resolution.

1974 Chinese farmers discover the Terracotta Army near Xi'an, 8,000 clay warrior statues buried to guard the tomb of China's 1st emperor, Qin Shi Huang.

[Jimbuna]

1867 Alaska Purchase: US buys Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 ($109 million in 2018), roughly 2 cents an acre.

1939 Heinkel He 100 fighter sets a world airspeed record of 463 mph

1945 A defecting German pilot delivers a Messerschmitt Me 262A-1 to Americans.

1972 Northern Ireland's Government and Parliament dissolved by the British Government and 'direct rule' from Westminster is introduced.

1981 US President Ronald Reagan is shot and wounded in an assassination attempt by John Hinckley, three others are also wounded.

1984 World's most valuable tip - New York police detective Robert Cunningham offers waitress Phyllis Penzo half of $1 lottery ticket, next day they win $6 million.

[Jimbuna]

1939 Britain & France agree to support Poland if invaded by Germany.

1945 US artillery lands on Keise Shima/begins firing on Okinawa.

1948 US Congress passes Marshall Aid Act to rehabilitate war-torn Europe.

1951 US tanks exceed 38° of latitude in Korea.

1954 USSR offers to join NATO

1958 US Navy forms atomic submarine division.

1958 USSR suspends nuclear weapons tests, & urges US & Britain to do same.

1972 Final day of the rum ration in the Royal Canadian Navy.

[Jimbuna]

1801 Napoleonic Wars: The British led by Horatio Nelson destroy the Danish fleet in the naval Battle of Copenhagen.

1912 Titanic undergoes sea trials under its own power.

1917 US President Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to declare war against Germany.

1942 USS Hornet with Jimmy Doolittles B-25 departs from San Francisco.

1982 Several thousand Argentine troops seize the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands from Great Britain.

[Jimbuna]

1882 American outlaw Jesse James is killed by Robert Ford at home in St Joseph.

1922 Joseph Stalin is appointed General Secretary of the Russian Communist Party by an ailing Vladimir Lenin.

1941 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill warns Soviet leader Joseph Stalin that a German invasion is imminent.

1944 British dive bombers attack German battleship Tirpitz at Kåfjorden, Norway.

1968 N Vietnam agrees to meet US reps to set up preliminary peace talks.

1969 Vietnam War: U.S. Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird announces that the United States will start a policy of "Vietnamization", reducing American involvement.

[Jimbuna]

1900 Assassination attempt on Prince of Wales, later British King Edward VII when shot by Jean-Baptiste Sipido in protest over Boer war.

1915 Germany protests vigorously to the US, claiming it must insist that Britain lifts its blockade and assert American neutrality.

1917 US Senate agrees (82-6) to participate in WWI

1944 French General Charles de Gaulle forms new regime in exile, with communists.

1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) treaty signed in Washington, D.C.

1965 The first model of the new Saab Viggen fighter aircraft plane is unveiled.

1968 US civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated by James Earl Ray at the Lorraine Hotel in Memphis, Tennessee.

1973 World Trade Center, then the world's tallest building, opens in New York (110 stories). Later destroyed in 9/11 terrorist attacks.

[Jimbuna]

1900 Attempted assassination of Edward Prince of Wales in Brussels, fails.

1939 Membership of Hitler Youth becomes obligatory.

1943 Mortsel, Belgium: Allies target Minerva car factory, used for repairing Luftwaffe planes for bombing raid; collateral damage from missed targets kills 936 civilians, Belgium's greatest loss of WWII

1943 Chinese steward Poon Lim is found off the coast of Brazil by a Brazilian fisherman family after being adrift 133 days, after British ship SS Benlomond torpedoed by german U-boat.

1951 Julius & Ethel Rosenberg, atomic spies, sentenced to death.

1982 British Royal Navy aircraft carriers Invincible and Hermes, with escort vessels, depart Portsmouth, England for the Falkland Islands in response to the Argentine invasion.

[Aktungbby]

1900 Attempted assassination of Edward Prince of Wales in Brussels, fails.

The assassination attempt and the following trial is notable mostly for the acquittal of Sipido. His guilt was quite obvious, but he was less than 16 years old. The jury "held that by reason of his age he had not acted with discernment and could not be considered doli capax" or legally responsible. The court did not even detain Sipido in a reformatory.[4] After the trial, Sipido immediately crossed the border to France.

The acquittal caused a very hostile reaction from Britain with the Leader of the British House of Commons calling it a "grave and most unfortunate miscarriage of justice".[5]

Sipido ended his working life as technical and commercial director of the General Society of Belgian Socialist Cooperatives, later retiring to Cagnes in the Department of Alpes-Maritimes in France.[6] M. Sipido died in 1959: age 74

[Jimbuna]

1916 German parliament approves unrestricted submarine warfare.

1917 US declares war on Germany, enters World War I

1945 Battle of Okinawa: Giant Japanese battleship Yamato heads to Okinawa with orders to beach herself and be destroyed defending the island.

1994 Plane carrying Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundian President Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down by surface-to-air missiles, abruptly ending peace negotiations and sparking the Rwandan Genocide. Those responsible have never been identified.

[Jimbuna]

1912 RMS Titanic sets sail from Southampton for her maiden (and final) voyage.

1923 Adolf Hitler demands "hatred & more hatred" in Berlin, Germany.

1932 Paul von Hindenburg is re-elected President of Germany in a runoff election against Adolf Hitler.

1963 USS Thresher, a nuclear powered submarine, sinks 220 miles east of Boston killing 129 men, including 17 civilians.

1971 The Republican commemorations is held in Belfast of the Easter Rising (in 1916 in Dublin), revealing conflicts between the two wings of the Irish Republican Army.

1972 US, USSR & 70 other nations agree to ban biological weapons.

1981 Imprisoned Provisional IRA hunger striker Bobby Sands elected to British Parliament for Northern Ireland county of Fermanagh and South Tyrone.

1998 The Good Friday Agreement [Belfast Agreement] for Northern Ireland is signed by the British and Irish governments.

[Jimbuna]

1782 Battle at Les Saintes: British fleet under Admiral George Rodney defeats the French fleet under Comte de Grasse off Dominica in the West Indies. Prevents a planned French and Spanish invasion of Jamaica.

1916 Irish nationalist activist and poet Roger Casement boards submarine U-19 at Wilmshaven, Germany, bound for a rendezvous with the Aud at Tralee.

1941 Vichy-France's head of government Admiral François Darlan consults with Adolf Hitler.

1945 Canadian troops liberate Nazi concentration camp Westerbork, Netherlands.

1945 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies in office and Vice President Harry Truman is sworn in as 33rd US President.

1961 Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first person to orbit Earth (Vostok 1)

[Jimbuna]

1906 Mutiny on Portuguese battleships Dom Carlos & Vasco da Gama.

1912 Royal Flying Corps forms (later Royal Air Force)

1940 Second battle of Narvik; 3 German destroyers and one U-boat sunk by the Royal Navy, 5 more German destroyers scuttled.

1944 Transport #71 departs Drancy (France) internment camp, taking 1,500 French Jews to Auschwitz concentration camp in Nazi German occupied Poland; an estimated 91 survived.

1945 Canadian soldier Léo Major single-handedly liberates Dutch town of Zwolle by fooling Germans into thinking a raid had begun.

[Aktungbby]

1940 Second battle of Narvik; 3 German destroyers and one U-boat sunk by the Royal Navy, 5 more German destroyers scuttled.
Poor Adolph, who had publically admitted "at sea I am a coward"; could ill-afjôrd such losses!:arrgh!:

[Jimbuna]

1865 US President Abraham Lincoln is shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater in Washington; he dies a day later.

1912 RMS Titanic, the world's largest ocean liner, hits an iceberg at 11.40pm off Newfoundland, sinks in the early hours of 15 April.

1918 Douglas Campbell is 1st US ace pilot (shooting down 5th German plane)

1922 Republic rebels occupies 4 government courts in Dublin.

1942 Destroyer Roper sinks German U-85 of US east coast.

1943 A JN-25 decrypt by American intelligence detailing a forthcoming visit by Marshal Admiral Yamamoto to Balalae Island results in his plane shot down 4 days later.

1944 General Eisenhower becomes the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force.

1945 American planes bomb Tokyo & damage the Imperial Palace.

1958 Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2 with space dog Laika aboard burns up during reentry into Earth's atmosphere.

1960 1st underwater launching of Polaris missile.

1994 US F-15 accidentally shoots 2 US helicopters down over Iraq, 26 die.

[Jimbuna]

1917 [OS Apr 3] Lenin arrives back from exile in Russia at Finland Station, Petrograd to join the Russian Revolution.

1939 The Soviet Union proposes an alliance with Britain and France to counter Nazi Germany; the Soviets would later sign a secret agreement with the Nazis.

1945 World War II: Dutch town of Arnhem, site of failed Operation Market Garden, is freed by British and Canadian forces.

1945 Battle of Berlin: Red Army begins its attack on the capital of Nazi Germany.

1945 Colditz Castle, the high-security prisoner of war camp in Germany, is liberated by American troops.

1948 Organization for European Economic Cooperation (EEC) forms in Paris.

1951 British submarine Affray sank in English Channel, killing 75

1953 British royal yacht Britannia launched by Queen Elizabeth II

1964 9 men sentenced 25-30 years for Britain's 1963 "Great Train Robbery"

2003 Treaty of Accession is signed in Athens admitting 10 new member states to the European Union.

2004 The super liner Queen Mary 2 embarks on her first Transatlantic crossing, linking the golden age of ocean travel to the modern age of ocean travel.

[Jimbuna]

1865 Mary Surratt is arrested as a conspirator in Abraham' Lincoln's assassination.

1941 Egyptian steamer SS Zamzam attacked and later scuttled by German cruiser Atlantis (all on board rescued)

1961 1,400 Cuban exiles land in Bay of Pigs in a doomed attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro.

1961 Jimmy Stewart accepts an honorary Oscar on behalf of his friend Gary Cooper, who is too ill to attend.

[Red Devil]

1994 US F-15 accidentally shoots 2 US helicopters down over Iraq, 26 die.

The british lost more casualties to the USA than the Iraqi's

[Jimbuna]

1770 British explorer Captain James Cook first sights Australia. Writes in his log book that “what we have as yet seen of this land appears rather low, and not very hilly, the face of the Country green and Woody, but the Sea shore is all a white Sand.”

1932 Bonnie Parker is captured in a failed hardware store burglary, and subsequently jailed. A grand jury fails to indict her, however, and she is released a few months later.

1943 Jews refuse to surrender the Warsaw Ghetto to SS officer Jürgen Stroop, who then orders its destruction, beginning the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

1951 General Douglas MacArthur ends his military career.

1967 Beatles sign a contract to stay together for 10 years (they don't)

1989 Gun turret explodes on USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.

[Jimbuna]

1818 Napoleon Bonaparte bids emotional farewell to his old guard at Palace of Fontainebleau.

1899 David Beatty is appointed executive officer of the HMS Barfleur, a small battleship and flagship of the China Station.

1918 Manfred von Richthofen, aka The Red Baron, shoots down his 79th and 80th victims marking his final victories before his death the following day.

1934 Heinrich Himmler becomes inspector Prussian secret state police.

1974 'The Troubles', the Northern Ireland conflict between republican and loyalist paramilitaries, British security forces, and civil rights groups, claims its 1000th victim.

1999 Columbine High School massacre: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold kill 13 people and injure 24 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School, Colorado.

[Jimbuna]

1867 Queen Victoria & Napoleon III turn down plans for a channel tunnel.

1918 Raid of Zeebrugge; the British navy attempts to block German vessels from leaving port by sinking obsolete ships - mostly fails.

1968 1st decimal coins issued in Britain (5 & 10 new pence, replacing shilling and two-shilling pieces)

1984 AIDS-virus identified as HTLV-III (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

[Jimbuna]

1865 Confederate General J E Johnston surrenders remaining forces to Union General William Sherman at Bennett Place in Durham, North Carolina, ending the US Civil War.

1915 Italy secretly signs the "Treaty of London" with Britain, France and Russia, bringing Italy into World War I on the Allied side.

1944 1st B-29 attacked by Japanese fighters, one fighter shot down.

1945 Marshal Philippe Pétain, leader of France's Vichy collaborationist regime during World War II, arrested for treason.

1982 Argentina surrenders to Great Britain on South Georgia Island, near the Falkland Islands.

1986 World's worst nuclear disaster: 4th reactor at Chernobyl nuclear power station in USSR explodes, 31 die, radioactive contamination reaches much of Western Europe.

[Aktungbby]

1945 Marshal Philippe Pétain, leader of France's Vichy collaborationist regime during World War II, arrested for treason.As usual he kept his wits about...avoiding:/\\chop:rotfl2::woot: dying(1951) of dementia thinking "he was still fighting battles and surrounded by naked dancing women"...:arrgh!::Kaleun_Thumbs_Up::Kaleun_Salute:

1986 World's worst nuclear disaster: 4th reactor at Chernobyl nuclear power station in USSR explodes, 31 die, radioactive contamination reaches much of Western Europe....as several hundred conscript-cannonfodder Russians R currently finding out;..having dug trenches in and around Chernobyl's highly toxic Red Forest, where even Ukraine powerplant workers are not permitted in the current re-Stalinization attempt ongoing in Eastern Europe. They are reported under treatment in Gorpet, Bylorussian hospitals for acute radiation sickness.:hmmm:

[Red Devil]

...as several hundred conscript-cannonfodder Russians R currently finding out;..having dug trenches in and around Chernobyl's highly toxic Red Forest, where even Ukraine powerplant workers are not permitted in the current re-Stalinization attempt ongoing in Eastern Europe. They are reported under treatment in Gorpet, Bylorussian hospitals for acute radiation sickness.:hmmm:

Just watched a prog on PBS America this afternoon, interviewing those who took part. It was made by an Israeli company. Back to Chernobyl.

The boss of the roof clearance told of the first two fire machines to the plant, all the crews were very soon dead. An official said to him, Why are you only doing 2-3 mins on the roof? So he told him the facts. The official said This bloody army is a mess. The man boss replied, the Army is not in a mess, this is your fault, you are the mess. The man also said that the water cascading over the reactor had to be stopped because a hydrogen reaction would take place and 'half the Ukraine' would vanish in the detonation. He said his men were heroes, saved the whole world from contamination. A doctor told how she did 36 abortions, all stages of development because the babies had form changing characteristics, deformities and worse.

The list went on and on - the number one cock up was the reactor design, it was pathetically inadequate. And they didnt bother to build a retainer, like all western reactors. Civilians talked of a lovely city with all mod cons, and they were really happy in Pripyat. Because the SU and Russia have lived life of lies for so long, they tried to hush it up. One official when asked by a civilian what had happened his reply was straight from the Kremlin Book of Replies. We are the greatest country in the world, we must catch up with America and beat them!!!

[Kapitan]

On this day in 1986 Chernobyl reactor 4 exploded

In 2017 yours truly got to visit the place and I do believe I did a write up for it on here.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/131313936@N03/albums/72157679461271885

[Red Devil]

On this day in 1986 Chernobyl reactor 4 exploded

In 2017 yours truly got to visit the place and I do believe I did a write up for it on here.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/131313936@N03/albums/72157679461271885

good grief! You brave man. :Kaleun_Salute: A million thanks for the images

[Aktungbby]

1521: after a dangerous passage thru a dangerous straight at the tip of South America, now named after him, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan is killed by natives assaulting the Phillipine beach at Mactan...and reportedly eaten. Now that's what I'd call "dire straits"!!? :hmmm::oops::doh:

[Jimbuna]

1865 Steamboat "SS Sultana" explodes in the Mississippi River, killing up to 1,800 of the 2,427 passengers in the greatest maritime disaster in United States history. Most were paroled Union POWs on their way home.

1933 Adolf Hitler authorizes creation of Ministry of Aviation, in part to revive the German Luftwaffe, under Reichsmarshall Hermann Goering.

1940 Himmler orders establishment of Auschwitz Concentration Camp.

1943 Witold Pilecki escapes from Auschwitz after having voluntarily been imprisoned there to gain information about the Holocaust.

1945 Italian partisans capture Benito Mussolini at Dongo (Lake Como)

1960 1st atomic powered electric-drive submarine launched (Tullibee)

1986 Soviet authorities order the evacuation of the city of Pripyat (pop. 50,000) 1 day after the Chernobyl nuclear accident

2011 U.S. President Barack Obama, coerced by incessant false "birther" accusations, publicly releases a copy of his birth certificate.

2018 Historic Korean summit, the North's Kim Jong-un and Moon Jae-in of South Korea agree to officially end Korean war and rid peninsula of nuclear weapons.

[Jimbuna]

1770 British Captain James Cook, aboard the Endeavour, lands at Botany Bay in Australia.

1789 Fletcher Christian leads a mutiny on HMS Bounty against its captain William Bligh in the South Pacific.

1939 Adolf Hitler claims German-Polish non-attack treaty still in effect.

1940 SS-Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) Rudolf Höss (not Hess, different Nazi) becomes commandant of concentration camp Auschwitz.

1944 Exercise "Tiger" ends with 750 US soldiers dead in D-Day rehearsal after their convoy ships were attacked by German torpedo boats off Slapton Sands, Devon.

1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Commander of NATO

1956 Last French troops leave Vietnam.

1969 Charles de Gaulle resigns as president of France.

1973 Over 6000 Mk. 82 500 pound bombs detonate over 18 hrs in a railyard in northern California. 5500 structures damaged, town of Antelope destroyed, with every building reduced to foundations. Leads to Transportation Safety Act (1974)

1986 Soviet TV news program Vremya announces a nuclear accident at Chernobyl nuclear power station, 2 days after the event.

[Jimbuna]

1789 George Washington is inaugurated as the first President of the United States of America.

1920 The British Government ends military conscription.

1940 Air New Zealand then known as TEAL makes its inaugural flight with a flight from Auckland to Sydney. Later becomes 1st airline in the world to boil hot water in-flight to offer customers hot tea and coffee.

1942 1st submarine built on Great Lakes launched, (Peto), Manitowoc, Wisconsin.

1943 Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp for Jews forms.

1945 Lord Haw-Haw (William Joyce) calls for crusade against the Bolsheviks.

1945 Red Army opens attack on German Reichstag building in Berlin.

1945 Record 48 U-boats sunk by the Allies this month.

1945 Adolf Hitler commits suicide along with his new wife Eva Braun in the Fuhrerbunker in Berlin as the Red Army captures the city.

1975 North Vietnamese troops capture Saigon, ending the Vietnam War.

1980 Terrorists seize Iranian Embassy in London.

1989 World Wide Web (WWW) is first launched in the public domain by CERN scientist Tim Berners-Lee.

1993 The World Wide Web source code is released by CERN, making the software freely available to all.

[Red Devil]

I was under the impression that the WWW was invented to allow the US Forces to instanteously talk to each other around the world. We did however, invent the first computer. In the 30s on paper and early 40s became reality.

[Jimbuna]

1707 Acts of Union comes into force, uniting England and Scotland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

1840 "Penny Black", the world's first adhesive postage stamp issued by Great Britain.

1915 British liner Lusitania leaves NY for Liverpool.

1919 British naval officer David Beatty is promoted to Admiral of the Fleet.

1923 Adolf Hitler and Ernst Rohm attempt to break up socialist May Day demonstrates, inviting Nazis from as far away as Nuremberg to take part in the violence.

1937 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Neutrality Act, banning travel on belligerent ships and imposes an arms embargo on warring nations.

1943 German plane sinks the British ship SS Erinpura in the Mediterranean with the loss of 799 lives.

1944 Messerschmitt Me 262 Sturmvogel, 1st jet bomber, makes 1st flight.

1945 About 1,000 citizens of Demmin in Germany, commit suicide provoked by occupation by Soviet Red Army.

1945 Admiral Karl Doenitz forms German government.

1946 Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery appointed British supreme commander.

1960 Russia shoots down Francis Gary Powers' U-2 spy plane over Sverdlovsk.

[Red Devil]

1960 Russia shoots down Francis Gary Powers' U-2 spy plane over Sverdlovsk.

Anyone see Bridge of Spies, its about the follow on from this. Excellent film

[Jimbuna]

Anyone see Bridge of Spies, its about the follow on from this. Excellent film

https://subsim.com/radioroom/showpost.php?p=2807058&postcount=4135

[Aktungbby]

^Video no longer available??!! "Contents blocked by Fox in this country...":timeout:

[Jimbuna]

1916 At request of US, Germany curtails its submarine warfare.

1917 A flotilla of US destroyer ships arrive in Queenstown, Ireland, to aid in convoying ships to England.

1932 Al Capone enters Atlanta Penitentiary convicted of income tax evasion.

1942 Battle of Coral Sea begins (1st naval battle fought solely in air) between Japanese, US and Australian navies and air forces.

1945 German forces in Denmark, Norway and the Netherlands surrender unconditionally to British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery at Luneburg Heath.

1948 The Hague Court of Justice convicts Nazi SS officer in the Netherlands Hans Rauter of Crimes against Humanity (executed 24 March 1949)

1979 Margaret Thatcher becomes the first woman to be elected Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

1982 British destroyer HMS Sheffield hit by Exocet rocket off Falkland Islands: 20 of her crew died.

[Aktungbby]

1979 Margaret Thatcher becomes the first woman to be elected Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

This song was banned during her administration :arrgh!:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snZKnES4ng4

[Red Devil]

This song was banned during her administration :arrgh!:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snZKnES4ng4

I sincerely doubt it. It was written in 1959 but there is nothing in it to cause MT to ban it. The BBC were the usual 'banners' in the UK; not politicians. I do know it was a plaguerism from ancient days in the Bible. Written by Pete Seager after an argument with his publisher. One of the most blatant BBC bans was Eve of Destruction by Barry Maguire. Helped it become an iconic hit of the era.

Ecclesiastes 3:1-8

Maggies famous 'this lady is not for turning' statement has nothing at all to do with music, or the banning of certain songs. False facts - no truth, did not happen

[Jimbuna]

"The lady's not for turning" was a phrase used by Margaret Thatcher, then Prime Minister, in her speech to the Conservative Party Conference on 10 October 1980. The term has thus been applied as a name to the speech in its entirety. It is considered a defining speech in Thatcher's political development, becoming something of a Thatcherite motto.

The phrase made reference to Thatcher's refusal to perform a "U-turn" in response to opposition to her liberalisation of the economy, which some commentators as well as her predecessor as Conservative leader (Ted Heath) had urged, mainly because unemployment had risen to 2 million by the autumn of 1980 from 1.5 million the previous year and the economy was in recession, exceeding 3 million by the time the recession ended in 1982.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_lady%27s_not_for_turning

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQ-M0KEFm9I

[Jimbuna]

1915 German U-20 captures and sinks Britsih schooner Earl of Lathom.

1945 World War II: Admiral Karl Dönitz, leader of Germany after Hitler's death, orders all U-boats to cease offensive operations and return to their bases.

1955 West Germany is granted full sovereignty by its three occupying powers.

1980 Siege at Iranian Embassy in London ends as the SAS and police storm the building.

1981 After 66 days on hunger strike, 26 year old Provisional IRA member and British MP Bobby Sands dies in the Maze Prision. Nine more hunger strikers die in the next 3 months.

[Red Devil]

1945 World War II: Admiral Karl Dönitz, leader of Germany after Hitler's death, orders all U-boats to cease offensive operations and return to their bases


This was countermanded by the Allies who ordered all u boats to stay on the surface and surrender at their nearest allied port. Some scuttled. Those that arrived at Londonderry were later sunk in gunnery practice.

[Aktungbby]

1928: the minimum voting age for British women is lowered from 30 to 21-same age as the men? A little "Mee Too" before it was fashionable??!:shucks:

[Red Devil]

1928: the minimum voting age for British women is lowered from 30 to 21-same age as the men? A little "Mee Too" before it was fashionable??!:shucks:went to vote on thursday, two pram pushers outside, looked said 'naw, why should I bother' ....................................

[Jimbuna]

1867 Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel Patents Dynamite in England, the first of three patents he would receive for the explosive material.

1915 RMS Lusitania sunk by German submarine off the southern coast of Ireland; 1198 lives lost.

1919 A draft of the Versailles Treaty is shown to Germans.

1941 British House of Commons votes for Winston Churchill (477-3)

1942 Nazi decree orders all Jewish pregnant women of Kovno Ghetto executed.

1945 World War II: Unconditional German surrender to the Allies signed by General Alfred Jodl at Rheims.

1947 General MacArthur approves Japanese constitution.

1955 USSR signs peace treaty with France & Great Britain.

1960 USSR announces Francis Gary Powers confesses to being a CIA spy.

[Ostfriese]

May 7th, 1942:


During the Battle of the Coral Sea American carrier aircraft from USS Lexington and USS Yorktown sank the Japanese light carrier Shoho, the first major Japanese warship sunk during WW2 (up to this point the largest Japanese ship sunk by allied forces had been a destroyer).

Japanese Aircraft from Shkaku and Zuikaku sank the destroyer USS Sims and the fleet oiler Neosho on the same day.


On May 8th, 1942, the main carrier battle took place, in which American aircraft decimated Zuikaku's air group and hit Shokaku with three bombs. Both carriers went on to miss the pivotal Battle of Midway a month later. Both American carriers were hit, and USS Lexington was scuttled late in the afternoon after several avgas explosions resulted in uncontrollable fires. USS Yorktown was badly damaged and returned to Pearl Harbor, only to be patched up within 72 hours and then to be sent out to fight the Japanese at Midway.

[Aktungbby]

/\:sign_yeah: One of the aspects I had in mind when starting this thread(2013)was to reflect on the effect of history as it effects the beholder...currently; ie: how did we get this way?! The battle of Coral Sea is one such example. My 6th grade elementary teacher, one of my favorite & influential teachers, was a radioman/gunner on a Devastator torpedo plane and was on the "Lady Lex" when she was sunk. He barely escaped injury when the bombs hit, and a luckless fellow on a ladder next to him was blown into rung-chunks by the blast! He used to tell us "war stories"; and we would sit enthralled and beg for more! As a BA history major, I think it was my first indoctrination into first-person or primary sources being the most reliable source (if somewhat embellished:yep:)for a historic event.

[mapuc]

/\:sign_yeah: One of the aspects I had in mind when starting this thread(2013)was to reflect on the effect of history as it effects the beholder...currently; ie: how did we get this way?! The battle of Coral Sea is one such example. My 6th grade elementary teacher, one of my favorite & influential teachers, was a radioman/gunner on a Devastator torpedo plane and was on the "Lady Lex" when she was sunk. He barely escaped injury when the bombs hit, and a luckless fellow on a ladder next to him was blown into rung-chunks by the blast! He used to tell us "war stories"; and we would sit enthralled and beg for more! As a BA history major, I think it was my first indoctrination into first-person or primary sources being the most reliable source (if somewhat embellished:yep:)for a historic event.

That's the best history there is...getting it from first hand.

Markus

[Ostfriese]

That's the best history there is...getting it from first hand.

Markus


However, you often get to hear things you won't like. One of my RE teachers was a concentration camp survivor, and he had a way to tell about his experience without bitterness - which actually made listening to his stories even worse.

I also had several teachers who were drafted into the Wehrmacht towards the end of the war while still being very young, and even though they only ever told us bits and pieces it was very obvious that there's no glory in war. Probably the most important lesson I learned at school.

[Aktungbby]

Indeed, the old ladies at a S.F. Jewish home in the 90's I did security at would show me their death-camp tattoo #s on their forearms as I heated up their tea-water at 0200 hrs!!? My jr.high drafting instructor had been in the 1942 Dieppe Raid and was a POW for the remainder of the war, recounted how a huge German sergeant had pulled him out of a shell hole on the beach and said laughing: "for U, the war is over!"...seriously:yep: My elementary school-bus driver, a German immigrant, was at Stalingrad and survived to freeze again in Minnesota with screaming kids!! :O: A guy I drove truck for in the '80's, a gung-ho green beret, had been a POW of the Viet Cong for several years..and was psychologically troubled from it. As I've previously alluded: my dad who flew B-29's in WWII, always maintained: I'm only on this planet due to the A-bomb over Hiroshima...he'd been slated for the invasion of Japan-with extremely high expected casualties and didn't expect to survive. His original assignment: armed with a chemical engineer degree, was to charge up the beach with a "chemicle weapon" ie: a flamethrower :doh:and stick it in an enemy pill-box slit....:nope::dead: A man of foresight, he'd transferred to the Army Air Force and officer candidate school. He never saw any of his 10 co-graduate flamethrower classmates again. They all had volunteered after Pearl Harbor...:hmmm: "War is hell"...but cannon-fodder's certainly the name-of-the game, there's no disPutin that! as the world observes yet again.

[mapuc]

However, you often get to hear things you won't like. One of my RE teachers was a concentration camp survivor, and he had a way to tell about his experience without bitterness - which actually made listening to his stories even worse.

I also had several teachers who were drafted into the Wehrmacht towards the end of the war while still being very young, and even though they only ever told us bits and pieces it was very obvious that there's no glory in war. Probably the most important lesson I learned at school.

No doubt you do and hear some of these first hand stories from WWII which makes one sad, but it's part of our history and can't be undone. We can only take steps to prevent it from happening again.

Markus

[Red Devil]

sadly mapuc, nobody ever learns from history. We have had various mad dictatorial leaders throughout history but now we can add Putin to the list alongside Hitler, Stalin, Pol Pot. My prediction that the next one will come from China.

I have several eye witness accounts on my WW2 site. Never seen elsewhere, unless plagurised from mine. I am currently republishing my WW2 stuff into a new domain name www.worldwartwo.uk but its a long way from ready yet.

[Ostfriese]

sadly mapuc, nobody ever learns from history.


More like: the people who DO learn from history aren't the people that SHOULD learn from history.

[Aktungbby]

1869: A golden spike was driven in Promontory Utah, marking the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in the United States. Talkin' 'bout a photo op here: :yep:https://www.nps.gov/gosp/learn/historyculture/images/champagne-square.JPG?maxwidth=650&autorotate=false

[Aktungbby]

1858: Minnesota becomes the 32nd state of the Union!:Kaleun_Applaud: :Kaleun_Cheers::Kaleun_Party: :Kaleun_Salute:

[Jimbuna]

1941 First Messerschmidt 109F shot down above England.

1960 Israeli soldiers capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires.

1995 More than 170 countries agree to extend the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty indefinitely and without conditions to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons.

[Red Devil]

1941 First Messerschmidt 109F shot down above England.

1960 Israeli soldiers capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires.




glad you said F because the first me190 was shot down in sept 40. And it was mossad who captures Eichmann

[Jimbuna]

1916 James Connolly and Sean McDermott are executed following their involvement in the Easter Rising in Dublin.

1937 Coronation of King George VI of Great Britain (and his other realms and territories beyond the sea) at Westminster Abbey, London.

1940 Nazi blitzkrieg and conquest of France begins with the crossing of the Muese River.

1943 Axis forces in North Africa surrender.

2002 Former US President Jimmy Carter arrives in Cuba for a five-day visit with Fidel Castro becoming first President of the United States, in or out of office, to visit the island since Castro's 1959 revolution.

[Jimbuna]

1787 Arthur Phillip sets sails with 11 ships of criminals to Botany Bay, Australia.

1865 Battle of Palmito Ranch, near Brownsville, Texas: final engagement of the American Civil War, Private John Jefferson Williams of B Company, 34th Regiment Indiana Infantry is last man killed.

1912 Royal Flying Corps forms in Great Britain.

1915 US Secretary of State Bryan sends a note to Germany demanding that Germany disavow the attacks on the Lusitania and make immediate reparations; however, the note is written only to 'pacify exited public opinion', according to Bryan.

1916 Lafayette Escadrille, an American air force unit under French command comprised of volunteers to fight for France, see first combat at the Battle of Verdun.

1946 US sentences 58 camp guards of Mauthausen concentration camp to death.

1940 Winston Churchill says "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat" in his first speech as Prime Minister to British House of Commons.

1949 First British-produced jet bomber, the Canberra, makes its first test flight.

1981 Pope John Paul II is shot and critically wounded by Turkish gunman Mehemet Ali Agca in St Peter's Square, Vatican City.

[Jimbuna]

1890 British sailor David Beatty is promoted to sub-lieutenant.

1938 England soccer team beats Nazi-Germany, 6-3

1940 British Local Defence Volunteers forms, an armed citizen militia designed to support the British Army during the Second World War. It is later renamed the Home Guard.

1943 Sinking of the Australian Hospital Ship Centaur off the coast of Queensland, by a Japanese submarine.

1944 General Rommel, Speidel & von Stulpnagel attempt to assassinate Hitler.

1945 Physician Joseph G. Hamilton injects misdiagnosed cancer patient Albert Stevens (CAL-1) with 131 kBq (3.55 µCi) of plutonium without his knowledge. Stevens lives another 20 years, surviving the highest known accumulated radiation dose in any human.

1955 Warsaw Pact is signed by the Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland & Romania.

[Aktungbby]

1945 Physician Joseph G. Hamilton injects misdiagnosed cancer patient Albert Stevens (CAL-1) with 131 kBq (3.55 µCi) of plutonium without his knowledge. Stevens lives another 20 years, surviving the highest known accumulated radiation dose in any human.


/\ ya bugger!:O: Ya missed the most important event on this date...considering the state we're all in; and a Brit one at that: 1796: English physician Edward Jenner inoculated 8-tear-old James Phipps against smallpox by using cowpox matter...He noted a lot of gorgeous dairymaids escaped getting the disease; and the rest is history. ...and I'm out the door for Moderna booster #4...and a flu shot: not in the same shoulder this time!:oops: And I suspect I could use a good dose of J.G. Hamilton's 1945 plutonium to boot...against whatever wannabe Warsaw Pacter Putin has in mind, injected into my arse jus' 2 gain obtain another 20 miserable years on the wobbling mudball!:O:

[Jimbuna]

1886 British sailor David Beatty is promoted to midshipman.

1911 The Georgios Averof cruiser is bought by Greece.

1914 US Colonel Edward House sails for Europe to persuade major powers to reduce armies and navies; from Germany, House reports: 'Everybody's nerves are tense; it only needs a spark to set the whole thing off'

1940 USS Sailfish (SS-192) recommissioned, originally the Squalus.

1943 Halifax bombers sinks U-463

1944 Eisenhower, Montgomery, Churchill and King George VI discuss the plan for D-Day.

1957 Operation Grapple: Britain tests its first hydrogen bomb near Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean.

1971 Irish Republican Army member William 'Billy' Reid is shot dead by British soldiers in Belfast.

[Red Devil]

1971 Irish Republican Army member William 'Billy' Reid is shot dead by British soldiers in Belfast.

1971 Terrorist (and murderer) is shot dead by British soldiers in Belfast when he opened fire on them.

[Jimbuna]

1943 Operation Chastise: No. 617 Squadron RAF begins the famous Dambusters Raid, bombing the Möhne and Eder dams in the Ruhr valley with bouncing bombs.

1943 SS General Jürgen Stroop orders the burning of the Warsaw Ghetto, ending a month of Jewish resistance. 13,000 Jews have died, about half burnt alive or suffocated, German casualties less than 300

1969 US nuclear submarine Guitarro sinks off San Francisco.

1988 US Supreme Court rules trash may be searched without a warrant.

[Jimbuna]

1919 UK War Department orders use of National Star Insignia on all airplanes.

1933 Vidkun Quisling and Johan Bernhard Hjort form Nasjonal Samling, the national-socialist party of Norway.

1942 Dutch SS vows loyalty to Hitler.

1943 The Dambuster Raids by No. 617 Squadron RAF on German dams.

1944 General Eisenhower sets D-Day for June 5th

1949 British government recognises Republic of Ireland (previously Irish Free State)

1961 Fidel Castro offers to exchange Bay of Pigs prisoners for 500 bulldozers.

1972 The Irish Republican Army (IRA) fires on workers leaving the Mackies engineering works in west Belfast (Although the factory was sited in a Catholic area it had an almost entirely Protestant workforce)

1987 USS Stark hit by Iraqi missiles, 37 sailors die.

[Red Devil]

1972 The Irish Republican Army (IRA) fires on workers leaving the Mackies engineering works in west Belfast (Although the factory was sited in a Catholic area it had an almost entirely Protestant workforce)


Provisional IRA (PIRA) gun happy kids playing with guns

[Jimbuna]

1944 Polish 2nd Army corps captures convent of Monte Cassino, Italy.

1951 US General Collins predicts use of atom bomb in Korea.

1974 India becomes the sixth nation to explode an atomic bomb.

2020 US President Donald Trump confirms he is taking controversial drug hydroxychloroquine against Covid-19

[Jimbuna]

1931 Cruiser Deutschland launched in Kiel.

1941 New German battleship Bismarck leaves Gdynia, Poland.

1943 Berlin is declared "Judenrien" (free of Jews)

1943 Churchill pledges Britain's full support to US against Japan.

1964 US diplomats find at least 40 secret microphones in Moscow embassy.

1967 USSR ratifies treaty with Britain & US banning nuclear weapons in space.

1981 5 British Army soldiers are killed when their armoured vehicle is ripped apart by a Provisional Irish Republican Army roadside bomb near Bessbrook, County Armagh.

[Red Devil]

1964 US diplomats find at least 40 secret microphones in Moscow embassy.


Russia's (& China) main export - bugs!

[Jimbuna]

1840 The transporting of British convicts to the New South Wales colony is abolished.

1906 A British garrison leaves Esquimalt, on the Pacific coast, after a military occupation that began in 1858: the last British soldiers stationed in Canada.

1939 Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini sign "Pact of Steel" in Berlin, Germany.

1940 Dutch Premier De Geer begins working with Nazis.

1940 UK Premier Winston Churchill flies to Paris to decide with General Maxime Weygand a strategy to save the city.

1947 First US ballistic missile fired.

1973 President Nixon confesses his role in Watergate cover-up.

1990 Microsoft releases Windows 3.0

1998 Lewinsky scandal: a federal judge rules that United States Secret Service agents can be compelled to testify before a grand jury concerning the scandal, involving President Bill Clinton.

[Jimbuna]

1430 Joan of Arc is captured at Compiegne and sold to the English.

1934 American outlaws Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow - Bonnie and Clyde - are killed by police in an ambush near Sailes, Louisiana.

1939 Adolf Hitler proclaims he wants to move into Poland.

1939 Submarine USS Squalus sinks in the Gulf of Maine, drowning 26, 33 remaining crew rescued from a depth of 243 ft (74 m) by divers using newly developed heliox air systems (divers later awarded the Medal of Honor)

1940 First great dogfight between Spitfires and Luftwaffe.

1945 The Allies arrest the members of the Nazi Flensburg government, including Admiral Karl Donitz, formally dissolving Nazi Germany.

1945 Lord Haw-Haw (William Joyce) arrested at Danish boundary.

1949 Federal Republic of [West] Germany created out of the American, British and French occupation zones.

1960 Israel announces capture of Nazi Adolf Eichmann in Argentina.

1998 The Good Friday Agreement is accepted in a referendum in Northern Ireland with 75% voting yes.

[Jimbuna]

1948 Polish war hero Witold Pilecki is executed by communist police after a show trial in Warsaw.

1953 First atomic cannon electronically fired at Frenchman Flat, Nevada.

1961 JFK announces US goal of putting a man on the Moon before the end of decade.

[Jimbuna]

1431 Hundred Years' War: 19 year old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English-dominated tribunal in Rouen, France.

1868 "Decoration Day", later called Memorial Day is first observed in Northern US states.

1914 The new and then largest Cunard ocean liner RMS Aquitania, 45,647 tons, sets sails on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England to New York City.

1942 US aircraft carrier Yorktown leaves Pearl Harbor.

1958 Unidentified soldiers killed in WW II & Korean War buried in Arlington.

[Jimbuna]

1911 RMS Titanic launched in Belfast.

1916 Battle of Jutland: Largest naval battle of World War I between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet which killed 8,645 in an inconclusive battle but strategic British victory. German fleet never puts to sea again in WWI.

1916 Battle of Jutland: British battle cruiser HMS Invincible explodes, only 6 crew members survive.

1940 Major General Bernard Montgomery leaves Dunkirk.

1940 Winston Churchill flies to Paris to meet with French Marshal Philippe Pétain who announces he is willing to make a separate peace with Germany.

1941 A Luftwaffe air raid in Dublin, in neutral Ireland, claims 38 lives.

1942 U-boats sink and damage 146 allied ships this month (722,666 tons)

1943 42 U-boats sunk by the Allies this month.

1968 Movie star James Stewart retires from the US Air Force after 27 years of service.

[Jimbuna]

1918 Canadian ace Billy Bishop downs 6 aircraft over a three-day span, including German ace Paul Bilik, reclaiming his top scoring title from James McCudden.

1935 Compulsory driving tests and license plates introduced in the United Kingdom.

1936 Queen Mary completes its maiden voyage, arriving in NY

1939 British submarine "Thetis" sinks in Liverpool Bay with all 99 aboard.

1943 Germany shoots down a civilian flight from Lisbon to London, 13 passengers, included actor Leslie Howard, and 4 crew die.

1944 Allied generals Bernard Montgomery, George S. Patton, Omar Bradley, Miles Dempsey and Harry Crerar meet in Portsmouth, England just prior to D-Day.

1962 SS officer Adolf Eichmann is executed in Israel after being found guilty of war crimes.

1976 Great Britain and Iceland end the "cod war"

1998 European Central Bank is founded in Brussels to define and execute the European Union's monetary policy.

[Jimbuna]

1813 US invasion of Canada halted at Stoney Creek (Ontario)

1918 Battle of Belleau Wood, first US victory of WW I

1941 First US Navy vessel constructed as mine layer, USS Terror (CM-5) launched from the Philadelphia Navy Yard.

1942 Japanese forces retreat, ending Battle of Midway.

1944 Operation Overlord: As part of the D-Day landings, the 82nd Airborne Division arrives at the French town of Sainte-Mère-Église.

1944 Operation Overlord: D-Day begins as the 156,000-strong Allied Expeditionary Force lands in Normandy, France, during World War II

1944 German submarines U-955, U-970, U-629 and U-373 sink in Bay of Biscay.

1968 Senator Robert F. Kennedy dies from his wounds after he was shot the previous night.

1985 Body of Nazi concentration camp doctor Dr Josef Mengele located and exhumed.

[Jimbuna]

1960 Argentine government demands release of Adolf Eichmann.

1967 Israel attacks USS Liberty in Mediterranean, killing 34 US crewmen.

1968 James Earl Ray, alleged assassin of Martin Luther King Jr., captured.

1968 The body of assassinated U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy is laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery.

1971 General Officer Commanding the British Army Harry Tuzo, then claims that a permanent military solution to the 'troubles' in Northern Ireland could not be achieved.

1987 New Zealand's Labour government legislates against nuclear weapons and nuclear powered vessels in NZ. Only nation to legislate against nuclear power.

[Jimbuna]

68 Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide, imploring his secretary Epaphroditos to slit his throat to evade a Senate-imposed death by flogging.

1549 Book of Common Prayer is adopted by the Church of England.

1910 A passenger on SS Arawatta throws bottle with note overboard (found June 6, 1983 in Queensland)

1915 US President Woodrow Wilson sends second Lusitania note to Germany protesting sinking of the Lusitania and refuting German claim British blockade illegal.

1959 First ballistic missile sub launched (George Washington-Groton, Ct)

1977 Silver jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain.

[Jimbuna]

1881 The USS Jeannette, under the command of George Washington De Long, sinks in the Arctic circle following 21 months of drifting after becoming trapped in the ice.

1917 World War I: the deadliest German air raid on London during World War I is carried out by Gotha G bombers and results in 162 deaths, including 46 children with 432 injuries.

1920 US Post Office says children cannot be sent by parcel post (after various instances)

1933 German Secret State Police (Gestapo - Geheime Staats Polizei) established by Hermann Goering.

1942 1st V-2 rocket launch, Peenemunde, Germany; reached 1.3 km

1942 Germany lands 4 saboteurs on Long Island.

1944 German counter attack on Villers-Bocage, Normandy.

1944 Nazi Germany begins V-1 (Fieseler Fi-103) flying bomb (doodle-bugs) attacks.

1951 UN arm forces reach Pyongyang Korea.

2000 South Korean President Kim Dae Jung meets leader of North Korea Kim Jong-il, for the beginning of the first ever inter-Korea summit, in the northern capital of Pyongyang.

[Aktungbby]

1911: the British ocean liner RMS Olympic, several times the world's largest liner by default, set out on its maiden voyage for New York, arriving on week later. The ship's captain was Edward John Smith who would go on to command RMS Titanic the following year....

[Red Devil]

1911: the British ocean liner RMS Olympic, several times the world's largest liner by default, set out on its maiden voyage for New York, arriving on week later. The ship's captain was Edward John Smith who would go on to command RMS Titanic the following year....

But he didn't have that Ismay idiot on board as he did with Titanic. Smith knew what he was doing and would have sailed further south but the owner, Ismay, was a pratt and ordered that he sail though the icefields, a more direct route.

[Aktungbby]

...and the crow's nest lookouts had no binocs; the sea was glassy smooth(no visible wave action around the iceberg) and there was no moon; all the boilers were'nt lit, so the vessel was hardly setting a speed record thru the icefield; the metallurgical nature of the hull's brittle-in-frigid water steel; combined with a previous coal bunker fire weakening the hull in the area of the berg strike all contributed to the disaster. Most accidents are a culmination of factors from many sources.

[Red Devil]

Indeed. The fire was still burning by the way, and had been before they set sail. The hull by that bunker was severely weakened. Saw a pic of the area on tv.

[Aktungbby]

https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.84371b91ac7b89c1bc65a541db172761?rik=X2ptaE7CixV Bwg&riu=http%3a%2f%2fcbsnews1.cbsistatic.com%2fhub%2fi %2fr%2f2017%2f01%2f03%2fa21088b3-dc02-48bb-bda2-81d49a383939%2fresize%2f620x%2f708bb710faa23a9627b 23256b5981adf%2fphillips-titanic-fire-0103-transfer2.jpg&ehk=LHgvwYqPj5MqhQHrjl7J6GnSyhgyiTZFlUZ5tWbNkFE%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0 https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/nation-now/2017/04/14/titanic-photos-may-show-why-it-sink-fire-boiler-room-iceberg-death-105-anniversary/100410926/ Molony said research suggests the coal fire was burning at over 1800 degrees Fahrenheit and may have warped the steel and made it brittle. The Titanic was designed to sink slowly enough that other ships could reach it and save passengers onboard, but the damage from the fire likely accelerated the ship's sinking.

[Jimbuna]

1916 Boeing Model 1 [B & W Seaplane], the 1st Boeing product, flies for the 1st time.

1917 In order to calm troubled relations with Ireland, the British grant amnesty to the Prisoners taken during the Easter Rising of 1916

1940 World War II: France surrenders to NAZI Germany, German troops occupy Paris.

1960 Argentina complains to UN about Israeli illicit transfer of Eichmann.

1986 Pravda announces high-level Chernobyl staff fired for stupidity.

[Jimbuna]

1779 Spain declares war on Great Britain in support of France and the USA, starting the Great Siege of Gibraltar which goes on to last 3 years, 7 months and 2 weeks.

1815 French army under Napoleon defeats Prussia in the Battle of Ligny, Napoleon's last military victory.

1922 Irish republicans are beaten in a national election; the vote is in favor of the Treaty of London, which leaves the Irish Free State as a dominion within the British Commonwealth.

1944 George Stinney, a 14-year-old African-American boy, is wrongfully executed for the murder of two white girls, becoming the youngest person ever executed in 20th-century America.

1963 Soviet space mission Vostok 6 is launched with Valentina Tereshkova onboard, who becomes the 1st woman in space.

2000 Israel complies with UN Security Council Resolution 425 after 22 years, which calls on Israel to completely withdraw from Lebanon. Israel withdraws from all of Lebanon, except the disputed Sheba Farms.

[Red Devil]

1815 French army under Napoleon defeats Prussia in the Battle of Ligny, Napoleon's last military victory.

You mean they actually had ONE victory ????? Wow!

[Jimbuna]

Napoleons defeats:

Second Bassano (1796)
Caldiero (1796)
Acre (1799)
Aspern-Essling (1809)
Krasnoi (1812)
Leipzig (1813)
La Rothière (1814)
Laon (1814)
Arcis-Sur-Aube (1814)
Waterloo (1815)


Napoleons victories:

Toulon (1793)
Saorgio (1794)
First Dego (1794)
13 Vendémiaire (1795)
Montenotte (1796)
Millesimo (1796)
Second Dego (1796)
Ceva (1796)
Mondovì (1796)
Fombio (1796)
Lodi (1796)
Borghetto (1796)
Lonato (1796)
Castiglione (1796)
Rovereto (1796)
Bassano (1796)
Arcole (1796)
Rivoli (1797)
Mantua (1796–1797)
La Favorite [fr] (1797)
Valvasone (1797)
Tagliamento (1797)
Tarvis (1797)
French invasion of Malta (1798)
Alexandria [fr] (1798)
Chobrakit (1798)
Pyramids (1798)
Cairo (1798)
El Arish (1799)
Jaffa (1799)
Mount Tabor (1799)
Abukir (1799)
Fort Bard (1800)
Combat of Turbigo (1800)
Marengo (1800)
Ulm (1805)
Austerlitz (1805)
Jena-Auerstedt (1806)
Greater Poland Uprising (1806)
Czarnowo (1806)*
Eylau (1807)*
Friedland (1807)
Somosierra (1808)
Teugn-Hausen (1809)
Abensberg (1809)
Landshut (1809)
Eckmühl (1809)
Ratisbon (1809)
Wagram (1809)
Znaim (1809)
Vitebsk (1812)
Smolensk (1812)
Borodino (1812)
Lützen (1813)
Bautzen (1813)
Reichenbach [fr] (1813)
Dresden (1813)
Hanau (1813)
Brienne (1814)
Champaubert (1814)
Montmirail (1814)
Château-Thierry (1814)
Vauchamps (1814)
Mormant (1814)
Montereau (1814)
Berry-au-Bac [fr] (1814)[7]
Craonne (1814)
Reims (1814)
Saint-Dizier (1814)
Ligny (1815)

[Jimbuna]

1812 War of 1812 begins as US declares war against Britain.

1815 Battle of Waterloo; Napoleon and France defeated by British forces under Wellington and Prussian troops under Blucher.

1940 General Charles de Gaulle makes his first speech on the BBC to the French people, since arriving in London, an appeal to defy Nazi occupiers - regarded as the beginning of French Resistance during WWII

1940 Winston Churchill's "this was their finest hour" speech urging perseverance during Battle of Britain delivered to British House of Commons.

1944 German submarine U-767 sunk by English Navy destroyers in the English Channel.

1945 William Joyce (Lord Haw-Haw), fascist politician and Nazi propaganda broadcaster, charged with treason in England.

1979 US President Carter and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev sign SALT II treaty limiting nuclear weapons.

[Jimbuna]

1829 Robert Peel introduces the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 into Parliament to establish a unified police force for London, world's first modern police force.

1864 CSS "Alabama" sunk by USS "Kearsarge" off Cherbourg, France.

1917 The British Royal Family, which has had strong German ties since George I, renounces its German names and titles and adopts the name of Windsor.

1941 US President Franklin Roosevelt signs the Two Ocean Navy Expansion Act.

1947 First plane (F-80) to exceed 600 mph (1004 kph)-Albert Boyd, Muroc, California.

1991 Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar surrenders to police.

[Red Devil]

1829 Robert Peel introduces the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 into Parliament to establish a unified police force for London, world's first modern police force.

And died of wokeism 2020

[Jimbuna]

1837 Queen Victoria at 18 ascends British throne following death of uncle King William IV. She rules for 63 years till 1901

1840 Samuel Morse patents his telegraph.

1944 Nazis begin mass extermination of Jews at Auschwitz.

1945 U.S. Secretary of State Edward Stettinius Jr. approves transfer of German rocket scientist Wernher von Braun and his specialists to the US

2020 Highest-ever temperature recorded in the Arctic circle, 38C (100F) in Verkhoyansk, Siberia.

[Jimbuna]

1854 First Victoria Cross won during bombardment of Bomarsund in the Aland Islands (Crimean War)

1887 Britain celebrates golden jubilee of Queen Victoria.

1919 The German Navy, feeling betrayed by the terms of the Versailles Treaty, scuttles most of its ships interned at Great Britain's Scapa Flow Naval base in the Orkney Islands.

1944 Very heavy bombing on Berlin.

1945 US defeat Japanese forces on Okinawa.

1948 Lord Mountbatten resigns as Governor General of India (formerly the last Viceroy)

[Jimbuna]

1815 2nd abdication of Napoleon (after Waterloo)

1865 The CSS Shenandoah fires the last shot of the American Civil War in the Bering Strait to indicate surrender.

1911 King George V crowned King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, and all his realms and territories beyond the sea.

1939 Princess and future Queen Elizabeth meets future husband Prince Philip of Greece (Midshipman Mountbatten, RN)

1940 France surrenders to Nazi Germany, with the northern half of the country occupied and the south established as the Nazi client state Vichy France.

1941 Operation Barbarossa: Nazi Germany and its allies invade the Soviet Union during WWII, the largest military operation in history.

1943 617 Squadron (Dambusters) attends investiture at Buckingham Palace, Commanding Officer Guy Gibson awarded the Victoria Cross.

1972 The Irish Republican Army announce that it would call a ceasefire from 26 June 1972 provided that there is a "reciprocal response" from the security forces.

1975 Ulster Volunteer Force try to derail a train by planting a bomb on the railway line near County Kildare, Ireland; a civilian who tries to stop them is stabbed-to-death (his actions delay the explosion to let the train pass safely)

1992 Two skeletons excavated in Yekaterinburg, Russia identified as Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra.

[Aktungbby]

1815 2nd abdication of Napoleon (after Waterloo)

https://www.surinenglish.com/noticias/201603/23/Media/Napoleon.jpg His piles did him in??!!

[Jimbuna]

1940 After conquering France, Adolf Hitler visits Paris and views the Eiffel Tower and the grave of Napoleon Bonaparte.

1942 Germany's latest fighter, a Focke-Wulf FW190 is captured intact when it mistakenly lands at RAF Pembrey in Wales.

1943 RAF discovers Wernher von Braun's V1/V2-base in Peenemunde.

1961 The Antarctic Treaty, ensuring that Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes; for international cooperation in scientific research; and does not become the scene or object of international discord, comes into force.

2016 Brexit referendum: United Kingdom votes to leave the European Union.

[Jimbuna]

1812 Napoleon Bonaparte's Grand Armée numbering half a million begin their invasion of Russia by crossing the Nieman River.

1917 Russian Black Sea fleet mutinies at Sebastopol.

1922 Adolf Hitler begins a month long prison sentence for paramilitary operations; he rails against the 'Jewish sell-out' of Germany to the Bolsheviks.

1930 First detection of an airplane using reflected radio waves, a precursor to radar, by US Naval Research Laboratory engineers in Anacostia, Washington, D.C.

1941 Entire Jewish male population of Gorzhdy, Lithuania, exterminated.

1942 Village of Ležáky, Czechoslovakia destroyed by Nazis after Gestapo finds a radio transmitter believed to have been involved coordinating the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, 33 adults were executed by firing squad on site, and children were sent to concentration camp gas chambers, and the village was burned down and plowed under.

1948 Soviet Union begins the West Berlin Blockade by stopping access by road, rail and water.

1972 The Irish Republican Army (IRA) kill 3 British Army soldiers in a land mine attack near Dungiven, County Derry.

[Jimbuna]

1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn: US 7th Cavalry under Brevet Major General George Armstrong Custer wiped out by Sioux and Cheyenne warriors led by Chiefs Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull in what has become famously known as "Custer's Last Stand"

1942 Major General Dwight Eisenhower appointed commander of US forces in Europe.

1947 First version of Anne Frank's diary "Het Achterhuis" published in The Netherlands.

1950 North Korea invades South Korea, beginning the Korean War.

[Jimbuna]

1743 War of the Austrian Succession: Battle of Dettingen: in Bavaria, King George II of Britain personally leads troops into battle. The last time a British monarch commanded troops in the field.

1923 Capt. Lowell H. Smith and Lt. John P. Richter perform the first ever aerial refueling in a DH-4B biplane.

1929 President Paul von Hindenburg refuses to pay German debt of WWI

1942 FBI captures 8 Nazi saboteurs from a submarine off NY's Long Island.

1942 PQ-17 convoy leaves Iceland for Archangelsk.

1950 North Korean troops reach Seoul, UN asks members to aid South Korea, Harry Truman orders US Air Force & Navy into Korean conflict.

1979 Heavyweight Muhammad Ali confirms that his third retirement is final (it isn't)

1986 US informs NZ it will not defend it against attack.

[Jimbuna]

1838 Coronation of Queen Victoria in Westminster Abbey, London.

1914 Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophie by Bosnian-Serb assassin Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, setting off chain of alliances that begin WWI

1919 Treaty of Versailles, ending WWI and establishing the League of Nations, is signed in France.

1934 Adolf Hitler flies to Essen, Germany for "Night of Long Knives"

1950 North Korean forces capture Seoul, South Korea in opening phase of the Korean War.

[Jimbuna]

1922 France grants 1 km² at Vimy Ridge "freely, and for all time, to the Government of Canada, the free use of the land exempt from all taxes."

1927 First test of Wallace Turnbull's controllable pitch propeller.

1943 Germany begins withdrawing U-boats from North Atlantic in anticipation of the Allied invasion of Europe.

1966 Vietnam War: US planes bomb the North Vietnamese capital Hanoi and the port city of Haiphong for the first time.

[Jimbuna]

1905 In Russia, the "Potemkin" arrives at Odessa, where sailors take the bodies of dead crewman ashore; sailors join civilians in revolutionary actions of the '1905 Revolution'

1934 "Night of Long Knives" - Adolf Hitler stages a bloody purge of the Nazi party.

1939 Heinkel He 176 rocket plane flies for 1st time, at Peenemunde.

1940 German troops begin the invasion of the undefended Channel Islands.

1941 Operation Barbarossa - Germany captures Lviv, Ukraine.

1942 Col-general Von Paulus 6th Army enters Ukraine.

1942 U-boats sink and damage 146 allied ships this month (700,227 tons)

1997 British lease on the New Territories in Hong Kong, established by the Second Convention of Peking, expires.

[Aktungbby]

1942 U-boats sink and damage 146 allied ships this month (700,227 Considering the initial 300,000 GRT target of Axis U-boat warfare as conceived by Dönitz's strategy of a tonnage war, the rapid buildup of allied shipbuilding necessitated the tonnage target to be elevated to 700,000 GRT. This was only achieved once in the entire war. Considering only 5% of Allied cargo ships were sunk or damaged...(per Blair) ie: abject failure; the only good to come out of it all is this forum!:hmmm::yep::arrgh!: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnage_war Germany was never able to mount a comprehensive blockade of Britain. Nor were they able to focus their effort by targeting the most valuable cargoes, the eastbound traffic carrying war materiel. Instead they were reduced to the slow attrition of a tonnage war. To win this, the U-boat arm had to sink 300,000 GRT per month in order to overwhelm Britain's shipbuilding capacity and reduce its merchant marine strength.
In only four out of the first 27 months of the war did Germany achieve this target, while after December 1941, when Britain was joined by the US merchant marine and ship yards the target effectively doubled. As a result, the Axis needed to sink 700,000 GRT per month; as the massive expansion of the US shipbuilding industry took effect this target increased still further. The 700,000 ton target was achieved in only one month, November 1942, while after May 1943 average sinkings dropped to less than one tenth of that figure.
By the end of the war, although the U-boat arm had sunk 6,000 ships totalling 21 million GRT, the Allies had built over 38 million tons of new shipping.[citation needed]
The reason for the misperception that the German blockade came close to success may be found in post-war writings by both German and British authors. Blair attributes the distortion to "propagandists" who "glorified and exaggerated the successes of German submariners", while he believes Allied writers "had their own reasons for exaggerating the peril".

[Jimbuna]

1916 Lenin says Imperialism is caused by capitalism.

1921 Warren G. Harding signs a joint congressional resolution declaring the official end of war with Germany.

1926 US Army Air Corps created; Distinguished Flying Cross authorized, to award "heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight"

1941 Nazi mass murder in Lvov/Lemberg (7,000 dead)

1957 First submarine designed to fire guided missiles launched, Grayback.

1976 Ramble Inn attack: the Ulster Volunteer Force killed 6 civilians (5 Protestants, 1 Catholic) in a gun attack at a pub near Antrim; the pub was targeted because it was owned by Catholics.

1991 Donald Trump proposes to Marla Maples and gives her a 7.5 carat diamond ring.

[Red Devil]

1916 Lenin says Imperialism is caused by capitalism.

and communism would not exist but for capitalism

[Aktungbby]

1916 Lenin says Imperialism is caused by capitalism. The new "Peter the Grate" ain't disPutin that ! :shucks:

[Jimbuna]

1863 Battle of Gettysburg, largest battle ever fought on the American continent, ends in a major victory for the Union during the US Civil War.

1939 Ernst Heinkel demonstrates 800 kph (500 mph) rocket plane to Adolf Hitler.

1940 British Royal Navy damages the French fleet in Mers-el-Kebir, Algeria, to prevent Germany seizing it.

1943 British Liberator bomber sinks German U-628 in Bay of Biscay.

1996 UK House of Commons announces that the Stone of Scone, aka the Stone of Destiny, used in the coronation of Scottish (and subsequently English and British monarchs), will be returned to Scotland after 700 years in Westminster Abbey.

[Red Devil]

1996 UK House of Commons announces that the Stone of Scone, aka the Stone of Destiny, used in the coronation of Scottish (and subsequently English and British monarchs), will be returned to Scotland after 700 years in Westminster Abbey.

on condition it is returned to Westminster for any coronations

[Jimbuna]

1776 US Congress proclaims the Declaration of Independence and independence from Great Britain.

1884 Statue of Liberty presented to US in Paris.

1945 Field Marshal Henry Maitland Wilson gives Britain's agreement to use the atomic bomb against Japan at the Combined Policy Committee in Washington D. C.

1987 Nazi Klaus Barbie, "Butcher of Lyon" sentenced to life imprisonment in France.

2017 North Korea tests first successful intercontinental ballistic missile into Sea of Japan.

[Jimbuna]

1937 Spam, the luncheon meat is first introduced into the market by the Hormel Foods Corporation.

1940 Diplomatic relations broken between Britain and Vichy government in France.

1942 Ian Fleming graduates from a training school for spies in Canada.

1943 Battle of Kursk, USSR begins (6,000 tanks)

1943 Liberator bombers sink U-535 in Gulf of Biscay.

1950 US forces enter combat in the Korean War for the first time, in the Battle of Osan.

1994 Amazon.com founded in Bellevue, Washington by Jeff Bezos.

[Red Devil]

1943 Battle of Kursk, USSR begins (6,000 tanks)

Possibly one of Enigma's greatest successes. Bletchley Park (Station X) had broken the codes and read about the planned huge German push. Churchill told Stalin but not how he had got info, Stalin massed his tanks near Kursk and the rest is war changing history.

[Jimbuna]

1785 US Congress unanimously resolves the name of US currency to the "dollar" and adopts decimal coinage.

1917 T. E. Lawrence captures port of Aqaba from Turks.

1919 British R-34 lands in NY, 1st airship to cross Atlantic (108 hr)

1923 The Central Executive Committee accepts the Treaty of Union, signed in Moscow in December 1922, and the Russian Empire becomes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

1942 Anne Frank's family goes into hiding in After House, Amsterdam.

1943 Second day of battle at Kursk: 25,000 Germans killed.

1945 Nicaragua becomes 1st nation to ratify the Charter of the United Nations.

1947 The Ak-47 goes into production in the Soviet Union.

1971 A member of the Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) is killed in a premature explosion in County Tipperary, Republic of Ireland.

1999 U.S. Army private Barry Winchell dies from baseball-bat injuries inflicted in his sleep the previous day by fellow soldiers for his relationship with transgendered showgirl and former Navy combat medic, Calpernia Addams.

[Jimbuna]

1915 German cruiser Königsberg sinks off Dar-es-Salam.

1940 Marshall Philippe Pétain, French hero of World War I, becomes head of the Vichy collaborationist government of France.

1943 7th day of battle at Kursk.

1969 David Bowie releases the single "Space Oddity" 9 days before Apollo 11 lands on the moon.

[Red Devil]

1940 Marshall Philippe Pétain, French hero of World War I, becomes head of the Vichy collaborationist government of France.

why does this Nazi collaborator and a person who shipped jews top their death become a hero?????

[Jimbuna]

why does this Nazi collaborator and a person who shipped jews top their death become a hero?????

After the war, Pétain was tried and convicted for treason. He was originally sentenced to death, but due to his age and World War I service his sentence was commuted to life in prison. His journey from military obscurity, to hero of France during World War I, to collaborationist ruler during World War II, led his successor Charles de Gaulle to write that Pétain's life was "successively banal, then glorious, then deplorable, but never mediocre".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain

[Jimbuna]

1913 150,000 Ulstermen gather and resolve to resist Irish Home Rule by force of arms; since the British Liberals have promised the Irish nationalists Home Rule, civil war appears imminent.

1918 Japanese battleship KAWACHI explodes in Bay of Tokayama, 500 killed.

1948 First jets to fly across Atlantic (6 RAF de Havilland Vampires)

[Red Devil]

After the war, Pétain was tried and convicted for treason. He was originally sentenced to death, but due to his age and World War I service his sentence was commuted to life in prison. His journey from military obscurity, to hero of France during World War I, to collaborationist ruler during World War II, led his successor Charles de Gaulle to write that Pétain's life was "successively banal, then glorious, then deplorable, but never mediocre".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain

thanks, he should have been hung

[Jimbuna]

1837 Queen Victoria is first monarch to live in present Buckingham Palace.

1923 The Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles. It originally reads "Hollywoodland" but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in 1949

1943 Greatest tank battle in history ends with Russia's defeat of Germany at Kursk, almost 6,000 tanks take part, 2,900 lost by Germany.

1953 Battle of the Kumsong River begins - last major battle of the Korean war.

1955 The last execution of a woman in Britain, Ruth Ellis, takes place at Holloway Prison, London.

1976 Court martial begins in USSR for Valery Sablin (Hunt for Red Oct)

[Jimbuna]

1933 All non-Nazi parties are banned in Germany.

1933 Germany begins mandatory sterilization of people with hereditary illnesses.

1945 Battleship USS South Dakota is first US ship to bombard Japan.

1952 SS United States crosses Atlantic in 84:12 (record westward)

[Jimbuna]

1917 Royal Proclamation by King George V changes name of British Royal family from German Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor.

1918 The Romanov royal family and several of their retainers are executed by a Bolshevik firing squad in the basement of Ipatiev House, in Yekaterinburg, Siberia.

1943 RAF bombs Germany rocket base Peenemunde.

1945 Potsdam Conference: Harry Truman, Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill hold first post-World War II meeting.

1948 US Air Force pilot Gail Halvorsen encounters children in at Templehof Airport in Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, giving him the idea to drop candy in 'Operation Little Vittles'

1998 Russia buries Tsar Nicholas II and family, 80 years after they died.

2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 is shot down over Eastern Ukraine by a Buk surface-to-air missile launched from pro-Russian separatist-controlled territory, killing all 283 passengers and 15 crew on board.

[Catfish]

[...]
2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 is shot down over Eastern Ukraine by a Buk surface-to-air missile launched from pro-Russian separatist-controlled territory, killing all 283 passengers and 15 crew on board.
It was not only launched from russian-separatist-controlled territory, it was launched by those separatists, directed by FSB officer Igor Girkin.
And nothing happened.

In a post on VKontakte, Russia's largest social media site, which has since been taken down, separatist leader Igor Girkin, aka Strelkov, wrote:
"In the vicinity of Torez, we just downed a plane, an AN-26. It is lying somewhere in the Progress Mine. We have issued warnings not to fly in our airspace. We have video confirming. The bird fell on a waste heap. Residential areas were not hit. Civilians were not injured."
The entry was quickly deleted, but screenshots exist.

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48691488

[Jimbuna]

^ I vaguely knew two of the passenger victims.

[Jimbuna]

1925 Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf (original title was the catchy "Four and a Half Years (of Struggle) Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice")

1942 Test flight of German Messerschmitt Me-262 using only its jet engines for the first time.

1947 King George VI signs Indian Independence Act.

2012 Kim Jong-un is officially appointed Supreme Leader of North Korea and given the rank of Marshal in the Korean People's Army.

[Jimbuna]

1915 Woodrow Wilson sends the third Lusitania note, warning Germany that future infringement of American rights will be deemed 'deliberately unfriendly'

1918 U-156 shells Nauset Beach, in Orleans, Massachusetts.

1919 Anthony Fokker's establishes airplane factory at Hamburg and Amsterdam.

1920 Irish Nationalist and Loyalists engage in street fighting over the issue of Irish independence from Britain, though Loyalist are reinforced by 1500 British Auxiliaries and 5800 British troops.

1921 To prove his contention that air power is superior to sea power, US Colonel William Mitchell demonstrates how bombs from planes can sink a captured German battleship.

1944 Field Marshal Günther von Kluge warns Hitler of impending collapse of front in Normandy.

1969 Apollo 11: Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to step on the Moon at 2:56:15 AM (GMT)

[Jimbuna]

1797 Horatio Nelson loses more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife (Spain)

1814 English engineer George Stephenson introduces his first steam locomotive, a travelling engine designed for hauling coal on the Killingworth wagonway named Blücher.

1866 David Faragut appointed as 1st admiral in US Navy.

1943 1st warship named after an African American launched - USS Leonard Roy Harmon, a Buckley class destroyer.

1943 Benito Mussolini dismissed as Italian Premier and arrested on the authority of King Victor Emmanuel III

1944 1st jet fighter used in combat (Messerschmitt 262)

1944 World War II: Operation Spring - one of Canada's bloodiest days, 18,444 casualties and 5,021 killed.

[Jimbuna]

1914 Irish Volunteers unload a shipment of 1,500 rifles and 45,000 rounds of ammunition arrive from Germany aboard Erskine Childers' yacht the Asgard; British troops fire on jeering crowd on Bachelors Walk, Dublin, killing three citizens.

1944 The first German V-2 rocket hits Great Britain (nicknamed "gasometer").

1945 Declaration of Potsdam: US, Britain and China demand the unconditional surrender of Japan during WWII

1945 Japanese government disregards US ultimatum.

1945 Physicist Raemer Schreiber and Lieutenant Colonel Peer de Silva depart Kirtland Army Air Field to transport the plutonium core for the Fat Man bomb (bombing of Nagasaki) to the island of Tinian where the bomb is assembled.

1945 US cruiser Indianapolis reaches Tinian with atom bomb.

1945 Winston Churchill resigns as Britain's Prime Minister after election defeat.

[Jimbuna]

1586 Walter Raleigh brings the first tobacco to England from Virginia.

1918 Socony 200, 1st concrete barge in US, launched to carry oil, NY

1941 German army enters Ukraine.

1944 First British jet fighter used in combat (Gloster Meteor)

1953 North Korea and the United Nations sign armistice to stop fighting and divide Korea at the 38th parallel.

1956 England cricket spin bowler Jim Laker takes 9-37 in Australia's 1st innings in 4th Test at Manchester; best return ever in Test cricket; bettered in 2nd innings 10-53

1972 The F-15 Eagle flies for the first time.

1987 First expedited salvaging of Titanic wreck begins by RMS Titanic, Inc.

2002 A Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes during an airshow at Lviv, Ukraine, killing 85 and injuring more than 100 in the largest airshow disaster in history.

[Jimbuna]

1914 Austria-Hungary decides against mediation and declares war on Serbia - first declaration of war of WWI

1914 First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill orders British Grand Fleet to Scapa Flow.

1943 Operation Gomorrah: RAF bombing over Hamburg causes a firestorm that kills 42,600 German civilians.

1945 Japanese premier Suzuki disregards US ultimatum to surrender.

1945 Physicist Raemer Schreiber and Lieutenant Colonel Peer de Silva arrive on the Pacific island of Tinian with the plutonium core used to assemble the Fat Man bomb used in the bombing of Nagasaki on August 9

2005 The Provisional Irish Republican Army call an end to their thirty year long armed campaign in Northern Ireland.

[Jimbuna]

1905 US Secretary of War William Howard Taft makes secret agreement with Japanese Prime Minister Katsura agreeing to Japanese free rein in Korea in return for non-interference with the US in the Philippines.

1914 British fleet leaves Portland/passes Straits of Dover.

1920 Mexican rebel Pancho Villa surrenders.

1921 Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party.

1949 Moscow ends the blockade of West Berlin.

1967 Fire aboard carrier USS Forrestal in Gulf of Tonkin kills 134

1973 Led Zeppelin has more than $200,000 in cash stolen from a safety-deposit box at the New York Hilton hotel.

1975 Ford became 1st US President to visit Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz.

[Jimbuna]

1863 President Abraham Lincoln issues "eye-for-eye" order to shoot a rebel prisoner for every black prisoner shot.

1916 German saboteurs blow up a munitions plant on Black Tom Island, New Jersey.

1935 1st Penguin book is published, starting the paperback revolution.

1945 After delivering the Atomic Bomb across the Pacific, the cruiser USS Indianapolis is torpedoed and sunk by Japanese submarine I-58. 880 of the crew died, many after being attacked by sharks, the inspiration for the movie Jaws.

1949 British warship HMS Amethyst escapes down Yangtze River, having been refused a safe passage by Chinese Communists after 3-month standoff.

1956 US motto "In God We Trust" authorized.

[Jimbuna]

1914 German Emperor Wilhelm II threatens war, orders Russia to demobilize.

1941 U-boats sink and damage 21 allied ships this month (80,521 tons)

1945 Pierre Laval, fugitive former leader of Vichy France, surrenders to Allied soldiers in Austria.

1961 Israel welcomes its one millionth immigrant.

1970 Black Tot Day: the last day of the officially sanctioned rum ration in the Royal Navy (started 1740)

2007 Operation Banner, the presence of the British Army in Northern Ireland, and longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end.

[Jimbuna]

1774 English chemist Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen by isolating it in its gaseous state.

1798 Battle of the Nile: British Royal Navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson attacks and decimates the French fleet at Aboukir Bay off the Nile Delta, Egypt.

1914 Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany declares war on his nephew Tsar Nicholas II of Russia in WWI

1936 XI Summer Olympic Games are opened by Adolph Hitler in Berlin.

1943 Sunderland seaplanes sink U-454 & U-383

1944 Anne Frank's last diary entry; 3 days later she is arrested.

1944 Polish resistance fighters of the Home Army launch the Warsaw Uprising, the largest military effort undertaken by a resistance movement in occupied Europe.

1945 Japanese city Toyama destroyed by B-29's

1958 US atomic submarine USS Nautilus begins 1st transit of North Pole "Operation Sunshine"

1977 Former Lockheed U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers crashes the news helicopter he was flying in Los Angeles.

[Jimbuna]

1798 Battle of the Nile: British Admiral Horatio Nelson forces the remnants of the French fleet to surrender, concluding a decisive victory for the British who capture or destroy 11 French ships of the line and 2 frigates.

1914 Germany invades Belgium and declares war on France, beginning World War I

1934 Adolf Hitler merges the offices of German Chancellor and President, declaring himself "Führer" (leader)

1943 General George S. Patton slaps a US GI in hospital, accusing him of cowardice.

1972 US Senate ratifies the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union to limit the use of missile systems capable of defending against missile-delivered nuclear weapons.

[Jimbuna]

1821 Russian Antarctic Expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen returns to Kronshtadt after becoming the 1st to circumnavigate Antarctica.

1900 An allied expeditionary force, made up of Japanese, Russian, British, French and American troops, sets off from Tientsin for Peking, China, to put down Boxer rebellion.

1914 US declares neutrality on the outbreak of WWI

1914 WWI: Germany declares war on Belgium; Britain declares war on Germany.

1918 Adolf Hitler receives the Iron Cross first class for bravery on the recommendation of his Jewish superior, Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann.

1941 Winston Churchill departs on Prince of Wales to US

1943 British premier Winston Churchill travels on the Queen Mary to Canada.

1944 Anne Frank arrested in Amsterdam by German Security Police (Grüne Polizei) following a tip-off from an informer who was never identified.

1954 Boscombe Down 1st flight of supersonic P-1 Lightning.

1972 Uganda dictator Idi Amin orders the expulsion of 50,000 Asians with British passport from Uganda.