This date in history

[Aktungbby]

1942: Cologne and Essen already having been hit previously(Operation Millenium), the RAF, under 'Bomber' Harris, launched its third so-called "thousand bomber" raid against Bremen, attacking submarine pens, Focke-wulfe facilities and indiscriminate area housing. It was largely a propaganda ploy resulting in the loss of 49 aircraft , a record at the time.

[Rockstar]

1942, the Japanese destroyer Yamakaze was torpedoed and sunk by USS Nautilus (SS-168) about 60 nautical miles from the coast of Japan. Yamakaze had sunk USS Shark (SS-174) a few months earlier. This photo was taken through the periscope of the Nautilus.
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[Jimbuna]

1857 The first 62 recipients are awarded the Victoria Cross for valour in the Crimean war by Queen Victoria.

1915 Germany suppresses "Vorwarts" newspaper after it called for peace.

1917 1st US troops arrive in France during World War I

1918 The Australian steamer Wimmera is sunk by a mine laid north of Cape Maria van Diemen in 1917 by the German raider Wolf; 26 of its 151 passengers and crew were killed.

1945 United Nations Charter signed by 50 nations in San Francisco.

1963 US President John F. Kennedy gives his famous "Ich bin ein Berliner" (intended to mean "I am a Berliner", but may actually mean "I am a doughnut") speech in West Berlin.

1968 Iwo Jima & Bonin Islands returned to Japan by US

1970 Two young girls die in a premature explosion in Derry after their father, a member of the Irish Republican Army, was making an incendiary device, presumably for use against the British Army.

1972 The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) kill two British Army soldiers in separate attacks during the day and at midnight begins a "bi-lateral truce"

1977 Elvis Presley sings in Indianapolis, the last performance of his career.

1977 The Yorkshire Ripper kills 16 year old shop assistant Jayne MacDonald in Leeds, changing public perception of the killer as she was the first victim who was not a prostitute.

1993 The U.S. launches a cruise missile attack targeting Baghdad intelligence headquarters in retaliation for a thwarted assassination attempt against former President George H. W. Bush in April in Kuwait.

[Rockstar]

26 June 1522, The Ottomans begin their second Siege of Rhodes, which is now part of Greece. This siege was successful, while their first siege in 1480 failed.
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1794, the era of aerial warfare begins as the French military successfully uses an observation balloon during the Battle of Fleurus. Aloft for nine hours, the two-man crew takes notes of enemy troop movements, which are dropped over the side to officers below.
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1843, The Treaty of Nanking, ending the First Opium War between the United Kingdom and China, comes into effect. As part of the treaty, Hong Kong was ceded to Britain.
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1870, Christmas is declared a federal holiday after U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signs into law a bill designating the day as a legal, unpaid holiday for federal employees in the District of Columbia.
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1918, America wins its first major victory of World War One as the Battle of Belleau Wood ends. General Pershing heaps praise on the USMC for its contribution. "The deadliest weapon in the world is a United States Marine and his rifle," he says.
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1942, the Grumman F6F Hellcat makes its maiden flight. More than 12,000 will be built before the end of WW2. Hellcats will down more than 5,000 enemy planes, making it the most effective naval fighter of the era.
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1944, Lance Corporal Lodge from 278 Field Company holding a German hollow charge anti-tank magnetic mine.
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1944, Germans surrender to American troops today in Cherbourg. By the great Robert Capa.
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1944, U.S. Army Private First Class Kiyoshi K. Muranaga of Los Angeles, California, was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions on 26 June 1944 near Suvereto, Italy.
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[Rockstar]

27 June 1358, The Republic of Ragusa is founded and centered around the city of Dubrovnik, now part of Croatia after the Treaty of Zadar forced Venice to cede Dalmatia. It existed until 1808 when Napoleon conquered it.
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1743, King George II is the last reigning British monarch to participate in conflict, when he led troops in the Battle of Dettingen. British forces and their allies defeated France.
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1829, Englishman James Smithson dies and bequeaths his estate to the establishment of the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, D.C. Interestingly, he never even visited the U.S.
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1880, American Helen Keller, political activist, author and lecturer, is born in Tuscumbia, Alabama. She was the first deaf and blind person to earn a college degree. She died in 1968.
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1918, while on way to Liverpool, HMHS Llandovery Castle sunk off Ireland by U-86 with loss of 234 of 258 people. 94 Canadian medical personnel onboard. Many survivors machine-gunned in lifeboats. Deadliest Canadian naval disaster of WW1. One of war's worst atrocities.
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1923, An airplane is refueled in midflight for the first time. The DHB.4 flown by Army aviators Lowell H. Smith and John P. Richter is filled over San Diego by a 50-foot hose dangled from above by another DHB.4, piloted by Virgil Hine and Frank Seifert.
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1944, Captain William Hooper of the 79th Infantry Division escorts German POWs through the streets of Cherbourg, France. Captain Hooper would be killed in action about 1 week from this photo.
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1950, President Harry S. Truman orders U.S. forces to Korea as North Korean troops reach Seoul, South Korea. Communist North Korea invaded South Korea on June 25.
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1991, violence erupts in Slovenia after the tiny break-away republic declares its independence from Yugoslavia. It's the opening round of nearly 10 years of conflict in the Balkans.
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[Jimbuna]

1778 Liberty Bell returns home to Philadelphia after the British departure.

1929 President Paul von Hindenburg refuses to pay German debt of WWI

1942 FBI captures 8 Nazi saboteurs from a sub off NY's Long Island.

1942 PQ-17 convoy leaves Iceland for Archangelsk.

1950 North Korean troops reach Seoul, UN asks members to aid South Korea, Harry Truman orders US Air Force & Navy into Korean conflict.

1954 1st atomic power station opens - Obninsk, near Moscow in Russia.

1957 The British Medical Research Council publishes a report suggesting a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.

1993 Don Henley booed in Milwaukee when he dedicates the song "It's Not Easy Being Green" to President Clinton.

[Jimbuna]

1776 Final draft of Declaration of Independence submitted to Continental Congress.

1904 SS Norge runs aground and sinks off Rockall, North Atlantic, more than 635 die, largest maritime loss of life until Titanic.

1910 1st airship with passengers makes its maiden voyage; the Zeppelin LZ7-Deutscheland and gets stuck in some trees in Mount Limberg, Lower Saxony, injuring one crew member.

1914 Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophie by Bosnian-Serb assassin Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, setting off chain of alliances that begin WWI

1919 Treaty of Versailles, ending WWI and establishing the League of Nations, is signed in France.

1922 The Irish Civil War starts when Irish Free State forces attack anti-treaty republicans in Dublin.

1934 Adolf Hitler flies to Essen, Germany for "Night of Long Knives"

1948 British begin airlift “Operation Plainfare” to West Berlin.

1950 North Korean forces capture Seoul, South Korea in opening phase of the Korean War.

1965 1st US ground combat forces in Vietnam authorized by President Lyndon B. Johnson.

1973 New Zealand ship HMNZS Otago sails for Mururoa nuclear test zone after France’s refusal to accept an International Court of Justice injunction against its atmospheric nuclear testing.

[Jimbuna]

1943 Germany begins withdrawing U-boats from North Atlantic in anticipation of the Allied invasion of Europe.

1949 US troops withdraw from Korea after WW II

1952 USS Oriskany becomes 1st aircraft carrier to sail around Cape Horn.

1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964 passes after an 83-day filibuster in the US Senate.

1966 Vietnam War: US planes bomb the North Vietnamese capital Hanoi and the port city of Haiphong for the first time.

1994 US reopens Guantanamo Naval Base to process refugees.

[Rockstar]

29 June 1194, Sverre Sigurdsson begins his reign as King of Norway. His reign would last until his death on March 9, 1202. Before he became king, he was ordained a priest when he lived on the Faroes Islands.
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1236, Christian forces under King Ferdinand III of Castile and Leon take Cordoba, ending the Islamic rule that began in 711.
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1613, The original Globe Theatre in London, where many of Shakespeare’s plays were performed, is destroyed by a fire that was caused by a cannon shot during a performance of Henry VIII.
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1852, Former Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, Senator and Secretary of State under President John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, dies of tuberculosis at the age of 75.
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1944. The exact moment that the fuel tanks of the B-24 Liberator “Little Warrior” from 861st Bomb Squadron explodes.
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1974, Isabel Perón is secretly sworn in as the first female president of Argentina. She also has the distinction of being the first female president of any country.
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1974: Russian ballet dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov, while on tour with the Mariinsky Ballet, defects to Canada from the Soviet Union while in Toronto.
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2007, Apple releases its first cell phone, the iconic iPhone.
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[Jimbuna]

1704 First trial for piracy by the British Admiralty Court outside of Britain finds Captain John Quelch and five crew guilty, sentenced to hang the same day.

1865 8 alleged conspirators in assassination of Lincoln are found guilty.

1894 London's Tower Bridge opens across the Thames.

1905 In Russia, the "Potemkin" arrives at Odessa, where sailors take the bodies of dead crewman ashore; sailors join civilians in revolutionary actions of the '1905 Revolution'

1908 A giant fireball, most likely caused by the air burst of a large meteoroid or comet flattens 80 million trees near the Stony Tunguska River in Yeniseysk Governorate, Russia, in the largest impact event in recorded history.

1916 British General Douglas Haig reports "The men are in splendid spirits" the day before the Battle of the Somme began.

1934 "Night of Long Knives" - Adolf Hitler stages a bloody purge of the Nazi party.

1938 Superman 1st appears in DC Comics' Action Comics Series issue #1

1939 Heinkel He 176 rocket plane flies for 1st time, at Peenemunde.

1942 U-boats sink and damage 146 allied ships this month (700,227 tons)

1971 Crew of Russian space mission Soyuz 11 found dead upon arrival on earth (only people to die in space)

1972 Ulster Defence Association (UDA) begin to organise its own 'no-go' areas (this is a response to the continuation of Republican 'no-go' areas and fears about concessions to the IRA)

1997 British lease on the New Territories in Hong Kong, established by the Second Convention of Peking, expires.

[Rockstar]

30 June 1882, Charles Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C. for the assassination of President James A. Garfield. Guiteau was upset that Garfield had rejected job requests that he made.
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1864, During the U.S. Civil War, President Lincoln signs the Yosemite Valley Grant Act, giving California the Yosemite Valley “upon the express conditions that the premises shall be held for public use, resort, and recreation.”
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1865, the guilty verdict was announced for eight individuals accused of conspiring with John Wilkes Booth to assassinate President Abraham Lincoln. Four of the individuals were hanged, while three went to prison for life, and the final defendant was sentenced to six years.
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1915, The East Oregonian publishes this photo of an armored car in France next to a boy plowing a field with some horses.
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1934, The Night of the Long Knives, also known as Operation Hummingbird, begins in Nazi Germany. German dictator Adolf Hitler orders the purge of political rivals, killing SA leadership and others.
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1936, Author Margaret Mitchell's iconic novel Gone with the Wind is first published. Mitchell received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for the book in 1937. It was her only book ever published. It was turned into a movie in 1939.
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1944, Bretteville, France. A Morris light reconnaissance car and other vehicles passing through town.
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1944, Tessel, Normandy. Driver mechanic George Couser from 91 Anti-Tank Regiment in a jeep with his pet dog.
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1949, a JB-2 Loon is launched from Balao-class submarine USS Cusk (SSG-348).
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1953: The first Chevrolet Corvette rolls off the assembly line in Flint, Michigan.
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1997, Hong Kong is returned to China after the 99-year lease from the United Kingdom ends British rule.
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[Rockstar]

1 July 1863, The Battle of Gettysburg begins during the U.S. Civil War. The battle resulted in the largest number of casualties of the war and is said to be a turning point for the Union due to their decisive victory.
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1898, Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders charge up San Juan Hill.
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1916, British Empire and French forces launch a major offensive against the German lines along the River Somme. The four-and-a-half months of heavy fighting that follow generate a million casualties — an average of 7,000 per day for 140 days straight.
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1937: German dictator Adolf Hitler has outspoken Nazi critic Pastor Martin Niemoller arrested. Niemoller is best known for his poem, "First they came for the..." He survives World War II and dies in Wiesbaden, West Germany in 1984.
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1980, O Canada officially becomes Canada's national anthem after the National Anthem Act received royal assent. It became effective on this day as part of Dominion Day.
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1982, Dominion Day is renamed Canada Day. It celebrates the Constitution Act, of July, 1, 1867. The act united the three colonies of the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick into a single Dominion within the British Empire.
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[Jimbuna]

1776 1st vote on Declaration of Independence for Britain's North American colonies.

1863 Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania; Lee's northward advance halted.

1867 The Dominion of Canada is formed, comprising the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario & Quebec, with John A. Macdonald serving as the first Prime Minister.

1908 "SOS" (· · · – – – · · ·) distress signal becomes the worldwide standard for help.

1916 Coca-Cola brings current coke formula to the market.

1916 First day of the Battle of the Somme: the British Army suffers its worst day, losing 19,240 men.

1944 German officer Claus von Stauffenberg promoted to colonel.

1944 Von Rundstedt against Keitel: "Sign peace, idiots!"

1946 US drops atom bomb on Bikini atoll (4th atomic explosion)

1950 1st 407 US soldiers flown to South Korea.

1968 US, Britain, USSR & 58 nations sign Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.

1971 Britain and Argentina sign accord about Falkland Islands.

1997 United Kingdom returns Hong Kong and the New Territories to the People's Republic of China.

[Jimbuna]

1863 2nd day of the Battle of Gettysburg (US Civil War)

1900 First flight LZ-1, of a dirigible airship designed by Graf Ferdinand von Zeppelin, at Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen, Germany.

1926 US Army Air Corps created; Distinguished Flying Cross authorized, to award "heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight"

1937 Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan disappear flying over the Pacific Ocean en route to Howland Island. Noonan is declared dead the following year, and Earhart is declared the year after (1939)

1957 1st submarine designed to fire guided missiles launched, Grayback.

1966 1st French nuclear test on Mururoa atoll.

1976 Formal reunification of North and South Vietnam.

[Jimbuna]

1863 Battle of Gettysburg, largest battle ever fought on the American continent, ends in a major victory for the Union during the US Civil War.

1939 Ernst Heinkel demonstrates 800 kph (500 mph) rocket plane to Adolf Hitler.

1940 British Royal Navy damages the French fleet in Mers-el-Kebir, Algeria, to prevent Germany seizing it.

1943 British Liberator bomber sinks German U-628 in Bay of Biscay.

1970 The British Army impose curfew on Falls Road area of Belfast as they search for weapons; coming under attack from the Official IRA (OIRA) and republican rioters.

1996 UK House of Commons announces that the Stone of Scone, aka the Stone of Destiny, used in the coronation of Scottish (and subsequently English and British monarchs), will be returned to Scotland after 700 years in Westminster Abbey.

[Rockstar]

4 July 1754, a 22-year-old Virginia militia officer named George Washington (yes, that George Washington) surrenders Fort Necessity to the French. Guess ol’ George was already colluding with the French. :D
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1863, Union troops capture the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg after a 44-day siege. The victory leaves Union forces in control of the Mississippi River. "The Father of Waters again goes unvexed to the sea," remarks Lincoln.
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1914, In the July Crisis, Kaiser Wilhelm declares himself entirely ready for settling accounts with Serbia.
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1917, HM King George V at Wytschaete Ridge.
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1923, Barnstormer B.H. De Lay, who is also one of Hollywood's best-regarded air stuntmen, is killed when his plane crashes during an airshow in front of thousands in Santa Monica, California
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1939, New York Yankee Lou Gehrig announces his retirement, giving his famous "Luckiest man on the face of the Earth" speech on Lou Gehrig Appreciation Day. He was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) on June 19, 1939, his 36th birthday.
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1944, American Airforce personnel, celebrating Independence Day. BEER BBQ AND GUNS! :rock: :woot:
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1946, The Philippines gains its full independence from the United States after 381 years of near-continuous colonial rule by various powers.
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1947, The Indian Independence bill is presented in the British House of Commons. It called for the independence of the Provinces of British India into the sovereign countries of India and Pakistan.
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1961, K-19—the Soviet navy’s first nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine—suffered a complete loss of reactor coolant during its initial patrol while off the southeastern coast of Greenland, sending dangerously-radioactive steam into every compartment of the boat.
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1976, Israeli commandos raid Uganda's Entebbe airport to free 105 hostages being held there by terrorists. Three of the captives along with the mission's commander die in the rescue.
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1986, a Marine mechanic stole an A-4M Skyhawk for a 45 minute joyride during which time he performed several aerobatic maneuvers. He had wanted to be a fighter pilot but an injury prevented him from qualifying. His stunt cost him four months in the brig.
https://i.postimg.cc/XYSDY09v/IMG-1920.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1776 US Congress proclaims the Declaration of Independence and independence from Great Britain.

1826 Past presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both die on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, President John Quincy Adams calls "visible and palpable remarks of Divine Favor"

1840 The Cunard Line's 700 ton wooden paddle steamer RMS Britannia departs from Liverpool bound for Halifax, Nova Scotia on the first transatlantic crossing with a scheduled end.

1884 Statue of Liberty presented to US in Paris.

1934 Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard patents the chain-reaction design for the atomic bomb.

1940 British Navy bombards neutral French battle fleet at Mers El Kébir, near Oran, French Algeria to prevent Axis powers from taking the ships; 1267 French serviceman die, one ship sunk and 5 more damaged.

1944 1,100 US guns fire 4th of July salute at German lines in Normandy.

1945 Field Marshal Henry Maitland Wilson gives Britain's agreement to use the atomic bomb against Japan at the Combined Policy Committee in Washington D. C.

1970 The Falls Road curfew in North Ireland, imposed by the British Army while searching for IRA weapons, continues throughout the day; a man is killed by the British Army.

1976 Israel launches hostage rescue mission of 106 Air France crew and passengers held at Entebbe Airport in Uganda by pro-Palestinian hijackers. Three hostages die along with all the hijackers, numerous Ugandan soldiers and Yonatan Netanyahu, an Israeli soldier.

1987 Nazi Klaus Barbie, "Butcher of Lyon" sentenced to life imprisonment in France.

2017 North Korea tests first successful intercontinental ballistic missile into Sea of Japan.

[Aktungbby]

1687: Isaac Newton first published his Principia Mathematica, a three-volume work setting out his mathematical principles of natural philosophy...I have yet to finish vol. 1 after half a century of trying!?:hmmm::wah:

[Rockstar]

5 July 1946, The bikini goes on sale after debuting at a fashion show in Paris, France. Louis Réard designed it and named it after Bikini Atoll in the Pacific.

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[Jimbuna]

1940 Diplomatic relations broken between Britain and Vichy government in France.

1942 Ian Fleming graduates from a training school for spies in Canada.

1943 Battle of Kursk, USSR: Operation Citadel: Nazi German Panzer Divisions assault begins what becomes the largest tank battle in history.

1943 Liberator bombers sink U-535 in Gulf of Biscay.

1986 Nancy Reagan cuts a red, white and blue ribbon to reopen Statue of Liberty after refurbishment.

1994 Amazon.com founded in Bellevue, Washington by Jeff Bezos.

[Rockstar]

5 July 1937 The Hormel Food Corporation introduces Spam to the market. It was thought that the name comes from a contraction of spiced ham. Hawaii has not been the same since.
https://i.postimg.cc/RV3tSTv9/IMG-1938.jpg

[Aktungbby]

/\...now that's Minnysota Nice!:Kaleun_Salivating:

[Jimbuna]

1919 British R-34 lands in NY, 1st airship to cross Atlantic (108 hr)

1923 The Central Executive Committee accepts the Treaty of Union, signed in Moscow in December 1922, and the Russian Empire becomes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

1942 Anne Frank's family goes into hiding in After House, Amsterdam.

1943 2nd day of Battle of Kursk, USSR: Operation Citadel: 25,000 Germans killed.

1943 US destroyer William D Porter [Willie Dee] launched.

1947 The Ak-47 goes into production in the Soviet Union.

1999 U.S. Army private Barry Winchell dies from baseball-bat injuries inflicted in his sleep the previous day by fellow soldiers for his relationship with transgendered showgirl and former Navy combat medic, Calpernia Addams.

[Aktungbby]

1976: The United Satetes Military Academy included 119 women cadets for the first time in the class of 1980. :Kaleun_Salute:1865: Mary Surratt is the first woman executed by the Federal government, along with Lewis Powell, David Harold and George Atzerodt for the Lincoln assassination...proof-positive: women are oft as "well hung" as men!??:shucks::oops::dead::O:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Execution_Lincoln_assassins.jpg/763px-Execution_Lincoln_assassins.jpg 1948: six female reservists are the first ladies sworn into the regular navy. :Kaleun_Salute:1981: President Ronald Reagan announced the nomination of Sandra Day O'Conner to become the first female justice on the U.S. Supreme Court(there are currently four!):Kaleun_Salute: 1946: Jimmy Carter, age 21, marries Rosalyn Smith, age18, in Plains, Georgiahttps://www.ajc.com/resizer/pJtPu20lOyA9DDxGlaN_gjH66VY=/fit-in/720x468/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/ajc/MWZDUSV4ZZGXFEMD5P5DEHUSOM.jpg...she would ultimately become the First Lady! Both are still 'above ground' 77 years later!!?:salute:https://www.ajc.com/resizer/s_OqiYeFAu__xeiCPDAeFsESqT0=/fit-in/720x468/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/ajc/L4JZ5J57QGEAFWSUX3SN75NG2E.jpg....barely!

[Jimbuna]

1456 A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death.

1807 French Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte and Russian Tsar Alexander I meet on a raft in the middle of the Neman River and sign the first Treaty of Tilsit.

1941 US forces land in Iceland to forestall Nazi invasion.

1943 3rd day of Battle of Kursk, USSR: Operation Citadel: Germans occupy Dubrova Luftwaffe fighter ace shoots down 7 Russian aircraft.

1943 German Submarine U-951 sunk by depth charges, off Cape St. Vincent in the North Atlantic.

1947 Alleged and disputed Roswell UFO incident.

1960 US cemetery officially opens at Margraten, Netherlands.

1986 Soviet General and spy for the US Dmitri Polyakov arrested in retirement in Russia (executed 1988)

[Rockstar]

Battle of Mametz Wood Jul 7 - Jul 11 1916. Mametz Wood cost Welsh Div about 4,000 men killed or wounded.

Christopher Williams painting "The Welsh at Mametz Wood" portrays brutal hand-to-hand fighting that took place during charge of Welsh Division.

https://i.postimg.cc/631mD5vC/IMG-1947.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1835 Liberty Bell cracks (again)

1836 Charles Darwin reaches Saint Helena in HMS Beagle and takes up lodgings near the tomb of Napoleon.

1905 The soldiers of the Russian battleship "Potemkin" who mutinied, surrender to Romanian authorities, who turn ship over to Russian authorities soon after.

1915 The Germans reply to US President Woodrow Wilson's second Lusitania note by saying that Americans may sail on clearly marked neutral ships, but Germany does not deal with Wilson's other demands.

1943 4th day of Battle of Kursk, USSR: Operation Citadel - Nazi General Model uses last tank reserve.

1947 Reports are broadcast that a UFO has crash landed in Roswell, New Mexico.

1950 General Douglas MacArthur named commander-in-chief of UN forces in Korea.

1969 US troop withdrawal begins in Vietnam.

1971 During street disturbances, British soldiers shoot dead two Catholic civilians in Free Derry; riots erupt, the Social Democratic and Labour Party withdraw from Stormont in protest.

1997 NATO invites Poland, Hungary & Czech Republic to join.

[Aktungbby]

1972: The Nixon administration announced a deal to sell $750,000,000 in grain to the Soviet Union. (However the goddamn Soviets were already engaged in secretly buying subsidized American grain, resulting in what critics dubbed "the great grain robbery". ) 1776: Colonel John Nixon gave the first reading of the Declaration of Independence outside the State House(now Indepedence Hall) in Philadelphia.

[Rockstar]

8 July 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Edo Bay to open Japan to trade. Perry introduced whiskey to the Japanese at a reception and then sent 110 barrels to the emperor. Japanese whisky is now a booming multi-billion dollar industry.

Ya baby! :rock:

https://i.postimg.cc/3R51bTQw/IMG-1961.jpg

https://youtu.be/u2V4UUjYBsA

[Jimbuna]

1776 US Declaration of Independence is read to George Washington's troops in New York.

1900 The Commonwealth of Australia is established by the British House of Commons.

1916 1st cargo submarine to cross Atlantic arrives in US from Germany.

1917 British battleship HMS Vanguard explodes at Scapa Flow (the result of an internal explosion of faulty cordite), killing 804

1934 SS-Reichsfuehrer Heinrich Himmler takes command of German Concentration Camps.

1943 5th day of Battle of Kursk, USSR: Operation Citadel - Germans occupy Verchopenje.

1944 U-740 sunk by depth charges from a British Liberator aircraft.

1947 Engagement of Britain's Princess Elizabeth and Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten.

1971 Henry Kissinger visits the People's Republic of China to negotiate a detente between the US and China.

1972 Springhill Massacre: British snipers shoot dead five Catholic civilians and wounded two others in Springhill, Belfast.

1972 The ceasefire between the Provisional IRA and the British Army comes to an end.

1976 Uganda asks UN to condemn Israeli hostage rescue raid on Entebbe - it does not.

1980 Dutch war criminal Pieter Menten sentenced to 10 years.

1982 Michael Fagan breaks into Buckingham Palace and enters the Queen's bedroom in Buckingham Palace, London.

[Jimbuna]

1040 Lady Godiva rides naked on horseback through Coventry, according to legend, to force her husband, the Earl of Mercia, to lower taxes.

1778 American Revolution: Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain.

1940 Battle of Britain begins as Nazi forces attack shipping convoys in the English Channel.

1942 Himmler orders sterilization of all Jewish women in Ravensbrück concentration camp, in northern Germany.

1943 6th day of Battle of Kursk, USSR: Operation Citadel continues.

1985 French foreign intelligence agents blow up the Greenpeace boat Rainbow Warrior in Auckland harbor, New Zealand to prevent it interfering with French nuclear tests in the South Pacific. Dutch photographer Fernando Pereira is killed.

[Catfish]

8 July 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Edo Bay to open Japan to trade. Perry introduced whiskey to the Japanese at a reception and then sent 110 barrels to the emperor. Japanese whisky is now a booming multi-billion dollar industry.
Ya baby! :rock:
https://i.postimg.cc/3R51bTQw/IMG-1961.jpg]
And how clever he did it (01:13) :O: :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8WiudDlTBw

Yeah right I have a Nikka whisky here indeed :yep:

[Jeff-Groves]

1835 Liberty Bell cracks (again)


The Original Liberty Bell was cast by...............
The Whitechapel Bell Foundry in London!!!
Of course they did not stand behind the Bell and make it right.
Pretty much the early example of WalMart practises.

[Aktungbby]

:Kaleun_Cheers:1804: Vice President Aaron Burr mortally wounded former Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton during a pistol duel in Weehawken, New Jersey. Hamilton died the next day. https://cdn-fsly.yottaa.net/59aef05c32f01c6b98e8f0d9/www.govmint.com/v~4b.53/media/catalog/product/cache/23c5af62df63748bdd45642a472f2812/1/9/1976-series-2-dollar-federal-reserve-note-cu_225558_3.jpg?yocs=M_ I think of poor Hamilton whenever I pay for my Two Buck Chuck Chardonnay https://cdn.pastemagazine.com/www/articles/tjpinotgrigio.jpg at Trader Joes! https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPjpthkF8MVzI42Gl3jK2BFjI1Oams6_61dJNJO=s680-w680-h510:Kaleun_Cheers:

[Rockstar]

11 July 1953, Maj. John Bolt shot down two MiGs while flying an F-86E Sabre to become the only U.S. Marine to achieve ace status in two wars and the only Marine jet fighter ace. During WWII, he became an ace as a VMF-214 "Black Sheep". He had 12 total victories during his career.

https://i.postimg.cc/1t9H1YRx/IMG-1969.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1915 German cruiser Königsberg sinks off Dar-es-Salam.

1940 British & German dogfight above Lyme Bay.

1940 Marshall Philippe Pétain, French hero of World War I, becomes head of the Vichy collaborationist government of France.

1969 David Bowie releases the single "Space Oddity" 9 days before Apollo 11 lands on the moon.

1971 The Irish Republican Army set off a number of bombs in the centre of Belfast injuring a number of people.

1988 Mike Tyson hires Donald Trump as an advisor.

1995 More than 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys are massacred by Bosnian Serbs after they overrun the UN 'safe haven' of Srebrenica on directive of Radovan Karadžić.

[Rockstar]

The first 5 million dollar Cray-1 supercomputer shipped on this day in 1977.
https://i.postimg.cc/26CvMbk2/IMG-1971.jpg


Today's smartphones have more power and yesterdays Cray are used as furniture.
https://www.wired.com/2007/06/5m-supercompute/

[Catfish]

1915 German cruiser Königsberg sinks off Dar-es-Salam. [...]
? This is a bit of a strange description :hmmm:

[Jimbuna]

? This is a bit of a strange description :hmmm:

Not 100% sure what you mean Kai but my understanding is she was running low on fuel and her engines were in need of repair so she retreated into the Rufiji River where the Royal Navy found her and blockaded said location.

Being unable to sail into the river two Royal Navy monitors were brought to the vicinity where they inflicted serious damage to her, forcing the crew to scuttle.

[Jimbuna]

1804 Former United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton dies after being shot in a pistol duel the previous day by Vice President Aaron Burr.

1913 150,000 Ulstermen gather and resolve to resist Irish Home Rule by force of arms; since the British Liberals have promised the Irish nationalists Home Rule, civil war appears imminent.

1918 Japanese battleship Kawachi explodes in Bay of Tokayama, 500 killed.

1943 World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka - Russia defeats German forces in one of the largest ever tank battles.

1944 Theresienstadt Family camp disbands, with 4,000 people gassed.

1969 As the 'marching season' reaches its height there is serious rioting in Derry, Belfast and Dungiven; many families in Belfast are forced to move from their homes.

[Rockstar]

12 July 1861, Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the Confederacy Albert Pike concludes treaties with the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). Members of the tribes fought for the Confederacy during the U.S. Civil War.

https://i.postimg.cc/PxGNPM9M/IMG-1977.jpg

[Aktungbby]

Since Teuterberger Wald(9AD), two ocean-oriented world wars, to the present day NATO/Russo situation; it's generally better to keep Krauts constantly 'monitored'....:hmmm::yep::arrgh!:

[Aktungbby]

try to point out how such an event may have personally affected, afflicted, or otherwise influenced your existence on the spinning mudball...humor is emphasized??!1863: deadly mass riots against the 'Merikan Civil War military draft, imposed after the bloodbath at Gettysburg, erupted in New York City. The insurrection was put down three daze later. It had become a race riot with churches and homes burned and an 'official' death toll of 120. Many black citizens permanently fled Lower Manhattan for nearby Brooklyn. https://s3.amazonaws.com/cdn.bunkhistory.org/derivatives/og/images/2019-09/$2y$10$LKQjXYlyIDZyQXMCQbNk.eBiDj0PX9uCT2rsKoHcyJt yKHtrptmy/draft_riots_1050x700.jpg106 years later I participated in campus anti-Viet Nam demonstrations often while listening to Neal Young"s (Kent State-official toll) "Four Dead in Ohio"https://youtu.be/YdVMGKOFIwY... Oddly in later decades, i found myself not only an avid Civil War re-enactor but a Federal guard on the 'other side': guarding an MEPS recruiting office in Oakland, Hamilton Airfield police officer, and a Bank of America security officer during the nationwide "occupy movement" with a constant mob directly across the street for a month,forcing my closure of the bank at least 10 times!!?:hmmm::timeout: at times: "methinks I doth protest too much":shucks:

[Rockstar]

13 July 1939, FrankSinatra makes his recording debut with the Harry James band. He sang “Melancholy Mood” and “From The Bottom of My Heart.” Harry had heard him on the radio and asked him to record with his band.

https://i.postimg.cc/y8VFYJ8D/IMG-1983.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1772 Captain James Cook begins his second voyage to the South Seas aboard HMS Resolution to search for Terra Australis (Southern continent)

1837 Queen Victoria is 1st monarch to live in present Buckingham Palace.

1911 Great Britain and Japan renew their alliance of 1902 for another four years; the reason Japan joins WWI on the Allies side.

1923 The Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles. It originally reads "Hollywoodland" but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in 1949

1953 Battle of the Kumsong River begins - last major battle of the Korean war.

1955 The last execution of a woman in Britain, Ruth Ellis, takes place at Holloway Prison, London.

1969 North Ireland loyalist Ian Paisley addresses a crowd at Loughgall, County Antrim, and is reported to have said: "I am anti-Roman Catholic, but God being my judge, I love the poor dupes who are ground down under that system."

[Rockstar]

13 July 1937, Frank Tinker (USNA '33) became the first pilot to shoot down a German BF-109. He was flying for the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War after being booted from the U.S. Navy for drinking and fighting.https://i.postimg.cc/Qt7sfbGy/IMG-1984.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1789 Bastille Day - the French Revolution begins with the storming of the Bastille Prison in Paris (now celebrated as France's national day)

1914 American engineer Robert Goddard is granted the first patent for liquid-fueled rocket design.

1933 All non-Nazi parties are banned in Germany.

1933 Germany begins mandatory sterilization of people with hereditary illnesses.

1945 Battleship USS South Dakota is 1st US ship to bombard Japan.

1950 RE Wayne awarded 1st Distinguished Flying Cross in Korea.

1952 SS United States crosses Atlantic in 84:12 (record westward)

1959 USS Long Beach, first nuclear powered cruiser launched at Quincy, Massachusetts.

[Aktungbby]

1789 Bastille Day - the French Revolution begins with the storming of the Bastille Prison in Paris (now celebrated as France's national day)

Too bad the peasants can't do that in Moscow to the Kremlin or at least Lefortivo Prison https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Moscow_Lefortovo_Prison_03-2016.jpg/375px-Moscow_Lefortovo_Prison_03-2016.jpg:shucks:

[Rockstar]

14 July 1913, 38th President of the U.S. Gerald Ford is born in Omaha, Nebraska.

He is the only person to serve as both vice president and president without ever being elected to either office.

https://i.postimg.cc/pr6sFnCJ/IMG-1985.jpg

[Rockstar]

15 July 1940, The British Home Office banned fireworks, flying kites, and flying balloons.


I wonder if that ban was officially rescinded or people just eventually started using them again? :hmmm:

[Jimbuna]

1815 Napoleon surrenders to Captain Frederick Maitland of HMS Bellerophon at Rochefort after his earlier defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.

1915 The head of German propaganda in the US, Dr Heinrich Albert, loses his briefcase on a New York City subway; an examination of its content reveals extensive network of German espionage and subversion across the US

1937 Buchenwald Concentration Camp opens.

1941 Britain's MAUD Report edited by physicist James Chadwick approved, concludes an atomic bomb is feasible.

1980 Billy Carter, the brother of US President Jimmy Carter, registers as a foreign agent of the Libyan government after it was revealed they paid him hundreds of thousands of dollars.

[Aktungbby]

15 July 1940, The British Home Office banned fireworks, flying kites, and flying balloons.


I wonder if that ban was officially rescinded or people just eventually started using them again? :hmmm:....who needed fireworks anyway?!! The Luftwaffe provided those sufficintly, hitting even Windsor Castle enabling Queen mother Elizabeth to quip: "I'm glad we were bombed. We can look the 'East(London) End' in the eye!"

[Catfish]

Since Teuterberger Wald(9AD), two ocean-oriented world wars, to the present day NATO/Russo situation; it's generally better to keep Krauts constantly 'monitored'....:hmmm::yep::arrgh!:
It is "Teutoburger Wald" you barbarian. I wasn't aware of any 'merican "culture" during roman times.. and the whole area of german tribes was never conquered by the romans (other than "France" of the time). Later there even were german "Caesars" (=Kaisers) of the Holy Roman Reich of german nation.
Anyway.. you MOBs can stick it where the sun don't shine :O:

[Aktungbby]

It is "Teutoburger Wald" you barbarian. I wasn't aware of any 'merican "culture" during roman times.. and the whole area of german tribes was never conquered by the romans (other than "France" of the time). Later there even were german "Caesars" (=Kaisers) of the Holy Roman Reich of german nation.
Anyway.. you MOBs can stick it where the sun don't shine :O:I only did that post to keep U occupied:O:...as for"where the sun don't shine"; :hmmm: today is the 'aphelion of the sun' ie: the furthest point in earth's orbit circumference from ol' sol...so this is indeed a good day to 'stick it' where it don't shine!:O:

[Aktungbby]

1790: a site along the greasy green banks of the malaria infested Potomac River was designated for the permanent seat of the United States government; ultimately becoming Washington D.C.:hmmm: What a 'capital' idea!:shucks:

[Jimbuna]

1862 David Farragut is 1st Rear Admiral in US Navy.

1940 Adolf Hitler orders preparations for the invasion of Britain (Operation Sealion)

1945 1st test detonation of an atomic bomb, Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico as part of the US Manhattan Project.

1945 Cruiser Indianapolis leaves San Francisco with atom bomb.

1946 US court martial sentences 46 members of the SS to death (Battle of Bulge crimes) in Dachau.

1969 Apollo 11 launched, carrying 1st men to land on Moon.

1990 Ukraine declares independence.

[Rockstar]

17 JULY 1944, The Liberty ship A. E. Bryan exploded while loading ammunition and explosives at Port Chicago, California, United States, taking with her the Victory ship Quinalt Victory berthed nearby. Ninety-seven men on the two ships were vaporized and even a 12 ton locomotive on the dockside vanished without trace. In total, 320 men were killed and 390 injured. More than 200 of the dead were black sailors being used as loaders. Later many sailors refused to work until safety was improved. Fifty were court martialed, convicted of mutiny and jailed. A public outcry led to their release, but they were still deprived of all veteran's benefits for the rest of their lives. The last surviving "mutineer" Freddy Meeks was finally pardoned by President Bill Clinton in 1999. Four years later he died, aged 83.

75 years after the Port Chicago explosion of 17 Jul 1944, by act of Congress, all 50 African-American sailors charged with mutiny following their refusal to resume loading munitions (all of whom had passed away) were fully exonerated of all charges and their records restored.

[Jimbuna]

1858 Recovery of the bell of HMS Lutine from ship's wreck, hung from rostrum in Lloyd's of London's Underwriting Room.

1917 Royal Proclamation by King George V changes name of British Royal family from German Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor.

1918 The Romanov royal family and several of their retainers are executed by a Bolshevik firing squad in the basement of Ipatiev House, in Yekaterinburg, Siberia.

1943 RAF bombs Germany rocket base Peenemunde.

1948 US Air Force pilot Gail Halvorsen encounters children in at Templehof Airport in Berlin during the Berlin Blockade, giving him the idea to drop candy in 'Operation Little Vittles'

1962 East Berliner Peter Fechter flees over Berlin Wall.

1975 Four British soldiers are killed by a Provisional Irish Republican Army remote-controlled bomb near Forkill, County Armagh; attack the first major breach of a February truce.

1981 Glasdrumman ambush: the Provisional Irish Republican Army attack a British Army post in South Armagh, killing 1 soldier and injuring another.

1998 Russia buries Tsar Nicholas II and family, 80 years after they died.

2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 is shot down over Eastern Ukraine by a Buk surface-to-air missile launched from pro-Russian separatist-controlled territory, killing all 283 passengers and 15 crew on board.

[Jimbuna]

1925 Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf, original title was the catchy "Four and a Half Years (of Struggle) Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice"

1938 Douglas "Wrong Way" Corrigan arrives in Ireland after a 28 hours flight, supposedly left NY flying for California.

1942 Test flight of German Messerschmitt Me-262 using only its jet engines for the first time.

1947 King George VI signs Indian Independence Act.

1972 Leader of the British Labour Party Harold Wilson holds meeting with representatives of the Irish Republican Army.

1977 Vietnam becomes a member of the UN

2012 Kim Jong-un is officially appointed Supreme Leader of North Korea and given the rank of Marshal in the Korean People's Army.

[Jimbuna]

1843 The steamship SS Great Britain is launched, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, is the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and the largest vessel afloat in the world.

1940 Adolf Hitler orders Great Britain to surrender - they decline.

1941 1st US Army flying school for black cadets dedicated (Tuskegee, Alabama)

1941 British PM Winston Churchill launches his "V for Victory" campaign.

1944 Japanese aircraft carriers Taiho and Shokaku sink in Marianas.

1945 USS Cod saves 51 sailors from Dutch sub in only sub-to-sub rescue.

1957 1st rocket with nuclear warhead fired, Yucca Flat, Nevada.

1976 British rock group Deep Purple disbands.

[Jimbuna]

1881 Sioux Indian Chief Sitting Bull, surrenders to US federal troops.

1914 Armed resistance against British rule begins in Ulster.

1917 WW I draft lottery held; #258 is 1st drawn.

1941 The Guinea Pig Club forms, made of severely injured airmen treated by Archibald McIndoe at Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, England.

1944 Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt led by German army officer Claus Von Stauffenberg.

1944 Japanese aircraft carrier Hijo sunk by US air attack.

1969 Apollo 11 lunar module carrying Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin lands on the surface of the Moon; Aldrin and Armstrong walk on the moon seven hours later; Michael Collins remains in orbit in the lunar module.

1994 Alexander Lukashenko is inaugurated as the first president of Belarus.

1994 Supreme Leader of North-Korea, Kim Il-sung is placed in a public Mausoleum at the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun.

2000 Terrorist Carlos the Jackal sues France in the European Court of Human Rights for allegedly torturing him.

[Jimbuna]

1915 Woodrow Wilson sends the third Lusitania note, warning Germany that future infringement of American rights will be deemed 'deliberately unfriendly'

1918 U-156 shells Nauset Beach, in Orleans, Massachusetts.

1919 Anthony Fokker establishes his new aircraft company, the Dutch Aircraft Factory in Amsterdam.

1920 Irish Nationalist and Loyalists engage in street fighting over the issue of Irish independence from Britain, though Loyalist are reinforced by 1500 British Auxiliaries and 5800 British troops.

1921 To prove his contention that air power is superior to sea power, US Colonel William Mitchell demonstrates how bombs from planes can sink a captured German battleship.

1940 Soviet Union annexes Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.

1944 Field Marshal Günther von Kluge warns Hitler of impending collapse of front in Normandy.

1955 USS Seawolf launched, 1st submarine powered by liquid metal cooled nuclear reactor.

1959 1st nuclear powered merchant ship, NS Savannah, named, Camden NJ

1997 The fully restored USS Constitution (aka "Old Ironsides") celebrates her 200th birthday, setting sail for the first time in 116 years.

[Rockstar]

22 July 1975, The U.S. House of Representatives votes 407-10 to restore former Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s U.S. citizenship.

https://i.postimg.cc/mZFZDF2c/IMG-2027.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1912 In the face of ever-increasing German naval power, the British Admiralty decides to recall British warships from the Mediterranean and base them in the North Sea.

1940 Dutch Prime minister Dirk Jan De Geer meets Adolf Hitler seeking peace talks.

1942 Warsaw Ghetto Jews (300,000) are sent to Treblinka Extermination Camp.

1975 US House of Representatives votes to restore citizenship to General Robert E. Lee.

2011 Norway is the victim of twin terror attacks, the first a bomb blast targeting government buildings in central Oslo, second a massacre at a youth camp on island of Utøya.

[Jimbuna]

1777 American Revolution: Louis XVI of France and his Foreign Minister clandestinely agree to supply US with munitions.

1942 Adolf Hitler's Directive number 45: order for army to advance on Stalingrad.

1945 Marshal Philippe Pétain, leader of the French Vichy collaborationist regime during World War II goes on trial.

1964 Egyptian munition ship "Star of Alexandria" explodes at dockside in Bone, Algeria. 100 die, 160 injured, $20 million damage.

1971 The British Army carry out early morning raids across Northern Ireland and arrest 48 people.

1973 US President Richard Nixon refuses to release Watergate tapes of conversations in the White House relevant to the Watergate investigation.

[Rockstar]

23 July 1945, USS Barb "sank" a train when a landing party went ashore at Karafuto, Japan, and planted the sub's scuttling charges on a track. As the party returned to the sub, the explosives detonated and wrecked a train. A silhouette of a train was added to the Barb's battle flag.

https://i.postimg.cc/xjhbhfb2/IMG-2039.jpg

[Rockstar]

24 July 1940 A little girl donating money. Messerschmitt Bf 109E-1 flown by Oberleutnant Bartels and "finished" by Spitfires.

https://i.postimg.cc/QxddNv8j/IMG-2045.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1567 Mary Queen of Scots is forced to abdicate; her 1-year-old son becomes King James VI of Scots.

1917 Trial of Dutch exotic dancer Mata Hari begins in Paris for allegedly spying for Germany and thus causing the deaths of 50,000 soldiers.

1943 Operation Gomorrah: RAF begins bombing Hamburg (till 3rd August), creating a firestorm and killing 42,600 people.

1945 US destroyer Underhill torpedoed West of Guam.

1969 At 12:51 EDT, Apollo 11 returns to Earth, after taking the first astronauts to the moon and returning them safely.

1985 French DGSE officers Dominique Prieur and Alain Mafart are arrested and charged with murder over the bombing of the Rainbow Warrior.

2019 Global warming is the fastest in 2,000 years and scientific consensus that humans are the cause is at 99%, according to three major reports published in journals "Nature" and "Nature Geoscience"

[Rockstar]

25 July 1932, The Soviet–Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed, effective for three years. On May 5, 1934, it was extended to December 31, 1945. The Soviets broke the agreement when they invade Poland on September 17, 1939.

https://i.postimg.cc/VLNnVcKM/IMG-2050.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1797 Horatio Nelson loses more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife (Spain)

1814 English engineer George Stephenson introduces his first steam locomotive, a travelling engine designed for hauling coal on the Killingworth wagonway named Blücher.

1943 1st warship named after an African American launched - USS Leonard Roy Harmon, a Buckley class destroyer.

1943 Benito Mussolini dismissed as Italian Premier and arrested on the authority of King Victor Emmanuel III

1944 1st jet fighter used in combat (Messerschmitt 262)

1944 World War II: Operation Spring - one of Canada's bloodiest days, 18,444 casualties and 5,021 killed.

1959 SR-N1 hovercraft crosses the English Channel from Calais to Dover in just over 2 hours.

1961 In a speech, US President John F. Kennedy emphasizes that any attack on Berlin is an attack on NATO

1963 US, Russia & Britain sign nuclear Test ban treaty.

2000 Air France Flight 4590, a Concorde supersonic passenger jet, F-BTSC, crashes just after takeoff from Paris killing all 109 aboard and 4 on the ground.

[Jimbuna]

1914 First Lord of the Admiralty (British Minister of Navy) Winston Churchill orders British fleet to remain in state of readiness as threat of war in Europe grows.

1914 Irish Volunteers unload a shipment of 1,500 rifles and 45,000 rounds of ammunition arrive from Germany aboard Erskine Childers' yacht the Asgard; British troops fire on jeering crowd on Bachelors Walk, Dublin, killing three citizens.

1944 The first German V-2 rocket hits Great Britain (nicknamed "gasometer").

1945 Declaration of Potsdam: US, Britain and China demand the unconditional surrender of Japan during WWII

1945 Japanese government disregards US ultimatum.

1945 Physicist Raemer Schreiber and Lieutenant Colonel Peer de Silva depart Kirtland Army Air Field to transport the plutonium core for the Fat Man bomb (bombing of Nagasaki) to the island of Tinian where the bomb is assembled.

1945 US cruiser Indianapolis reaches Tinian with atom bomb.

1945 Winston Churchill resigns as Britain's Prime Minister after election defeat.

[Jimbuna]

1586 Walter Raleigh brings the 1st tobacco to England from Virginia.

1866 First transatlantic telegraph cable comes ashore at Heart's Content, Newfoundland after being laid out 1,686 miles by Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Great Eastern steamship.

1944 1st British jet fighter used in combat (Gloster Meteor)

1953 North Korea and the United Nations sign armistice to stop fighting and divide Korea at the 38th parallel.

1972 The F-15 Eagle flies for the first time.

[Aktungbby]

1586 Walter Raleigh brings the 1st tobacco to England from Virginia.
The red man's vengeance:https://images.fineartamerica.com/images/artworkimages/mediumlarge/1/red-man-chewing-tobacco-tom-gari-gallery-three-photography.jpg https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/number-of-deaths-from-tobacco-smoking The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced, killing more than 8 million people a year, including around 1.2 million deaths from exposure to second-hand smoke (1).

All forms of tobacco are harmful, and there is no safe level of exposure to tobacco. Cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use worldwide. Other tobacco products include waterpipe tobacco, various smokeless tobacco products, cigars, cigarillos, roll-your-own tobacco, pipe tobacco, bidis and kreteks.

Over 80% of the 1.3 billion tobacco users worldwide live in low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of tobacco-related illness and death is heaviest. Tobacco use contributes to poverty by diverting household spending from basic needs such as food and shelter to tobacco.

The economic costs of tobacco use are substantial and include significant health care costs for treating the diseases caused by tobacco use as well as the lost human capital that results from tobacco-attributable morbidity and mortality. I just took my wife to see Oppenheimer. yesterday ...a movie with everyone smoking:https://news.northeastern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/oppenheimer-1400.jpg<movie he died at age 67 of throat cancer...https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/J._Robert_Oppenheimer_at_the_Guest_Lodge%2C_Oak_Ri dge%2C_in_1946_4.jpg/800px-J._Robert_Oppenheimer_at_the_Guest_Lodge%2C_Oak_Ri dge%2C_in_1946_4.jpg<the real man

[Jimbuna]

1588 English set alight eight fireships, with pitch, brimstone, gunpowder and tar, and cast them downwind towards the closely anchored vessels of the Spanish Armada, scattering the armada.

1914 First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill orders British Grand Fleet to Scapa Flow.

1938 34,000-ton Cunard-White Star liner Mauretania launched at Birkenhead.

1943 Operation Gomorrah: RAF bombing over Hamburg causes a firestorm that kills 42,600 German civilians.

1944 Adolf Hitler routes 4 division of South France to Normandy.

1945 "Elevator girl" Betty Lou Oliver survives falling 75 stories after fog causes a US bomber plane to crash into the Empire State Building, breaking the cables supporting the elevator she was operating. This remains a world record for the longest survived elevator fall.

1945 Japanese premier Suzuki disregards US ultimatum to surrender.

1945 Physicist Raemer Schreiber and Lieutenant Colonel Peer de Silva arrive on the Pacific island of Tinian with the plutonium core used to assemble the Fat Man bomb used in the bombing of Nagasaki on August 9

2005 The Provisional Irish Republican Army call an end to their thirty year long armed campaign in Northern Ireland.

[Jimbuna]

1588 The "Invincible" Spanish Armada is sighted approaching England, several skirmishes follow forcing the invading fleet to make a long and costly retreat around Scotland and Ireland.

1914 British fleet leaves Portland/passes Straits of Dover.

1921 Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party.

1948 King George VI opens the XIV Summer Olympic Games at Wembley Stadium in London.

1973 Led Zeppelin has more than $200,000 in cash stolen from a safety-deposit box at the New York Hilton hotel.

[Jeff-Groves]

1957 Jimbuna's Mother gave birth to one of the most prolific posters at SubSim.

[Jimbuna]

1825 Malden Island is discovered in the central Pacific by British warship HMS Blonde.

1863 President Abraham Lincoln issues "eye-for-eye" order to shoot a rebel prisoner for every black prisoner shot.

1916 German saboteurs blow up a munitions plant on Black Tom Island, New Jersey.

1937 Russian Politburo issues NKVD Order no. 00447, to repress former kulak and anti-soviets, 269,100 to be arrested, 76,000 to be shot. Part of the Great Purge.

1945 After delivering the Atomic Bomb across the Pacific, the cruiser USS Indianapolis is torpedoed and sunk by Japanese submarine I-58. 880 of the crew died, many after being attacked by sharks, the inspiration for the movie Jaws.

1949 British warship HMS Amethyst escapes down Yangtze River, having been refused a safe passage by Chinese Communists after 3-month standoff.

1963 British spy Kim Philby found in Moscow.

1966 FIFA World Cup Final, Wembley Stadium, London, England: Striker Geoff Hurst scores a hat trick as England beats West Germany, 4-2 after extra time.

1976 4 Protestant civilians were shot dead at a pub off Milltown Road, Belfast; the attack was claimed by the Republican Action Force.

[Jimbuna]

1914 German Emperor Wilhelm II threatens war, orders Russia to demobilize.

1919 The Weimar Constitution establishing the German Republic is adopted.

1941 U-boats sink and damage 21 allied ships this month (80,521 tons)

1945 Pierre Laval, fugitive former leader of Vichy France, surrenders to Allied soldiers in Austria.

1970 Black Tot Day: the last day of the officially sanctioned rum ration in the Royal Navy (started 1740)

1972 Operation Motorman: the British Army use 12,000 soldiers supported by tanks and bulldozers to re-take the "no-go areas" controlled by the Provisional Irish Republican Army.

2007 Operation Banner, the presence of the British Army in Northern Ireland comes to an end, longest-running British Army operation ever.

[Jimbuna]

1793 France becomes 1st country to use the metric system.

1798 Battle of the Nile: British Royal Navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson attacks and decimates the French fleet at Aboukir Bay off the Nile Delta, Egypt.

1914 British Grand Fleet reaches Scapa Flow.

1914 Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany declares war on his nephew Tsar Nicholas II of Russia in WWI

1933 Death penalty for anti-fascists in Germany.

1936 XI Summer Olympic Games are opened by Adolph Hitler in Berlin.

1943 Sunderland seaplanes sink U-454 & U-383

1944 Anne Frank's last diary entry; 3 days later she is arrested.

1944 Polish resistance fighters of the Home Army launch the Warsaw Uprising, the largest military effort undertaken by a resistance movement in occupied Europe.

1945 Japanese city Toyama destroyed by B-29's

1958 US atomic submarine USS Nautilus begins 1st transit of North Pole "Operation Sunshine"

1974 China's People's Liberation Army Navy, put into service ChangZheng 1, their first nuclear-powered submarine.

1977 Former Lockheed U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers crashes the news helicopter he was flying in Los Angeles.

[Jimbuna]

1798 Battle of the Nile: British Admiral Horatio Nelson forces the remnants of the French fleet to surrender, concluding a decisive victory for the British who capture or destroy 11 French ships of the line and 2 frigates.

1914 British Foreign Secretary Edward Grey famously remarks "The lamps are going out all over Europe. We shall not see them lit again in our time."

1914 Germany invades Belgium and declares war on France, beginning World War I

1934 Adolf Hitler merges the offices of German Chancellor and President, declaring himself "Führer" (leader)

1936 American sprinter Jesse Owens wins the 100m (10.3 seconds) in front of Adolf Hitler in a famous race at the Berlin Olympics, first of 4 gold medals at the Games.

1943 General George S. Patton slaps a US GI in hospital, accusing him of cowardice.

1958 USS Nautilus reaches North Pole, 1st submarine to achieve submarine transit of North Pole.

1972 US Senate ratifies the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union to limit the use of missile systems capable of defending against missile-delivered nuclear weapons.

[Jimbuna]

1873 Indian Wars: whilst protecting a railroad survey party in Montana, US 7th Cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, clashes for the 1st time with the Sioux near the Tongue River. 1 man killed on each side.

1900 An allied expeditionary force, made up of Japanese, Russian, British, French and American troops, sets off from Tientsin for Peking, China, to put down Boxer rebellion.

1914 WWI: Germany declares war on Belgium; Britain declares war on Germany.

1918 Adolf Hitler receives the Iron Cross first class for bravery on the recommendation of his Jewish superior, Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann.

1941 Winston Churchill departs on Prince of Wales to US

1942 German occupier orders all Dutch homing pigeons killed.

1943 British premier Winston Churchill travels on the Queen Mary to Canada.

1944 Anne Frank arrested in Amsterdam by German Security Police (Grüne Polizei) following a tip-off from an informer who was never identified.

1954 Boscombe Down 1st flight of supersonic P-1 Lightning.

1964 North Vietnam purportedly engage US Navy ships in the Gulf of Tonkin for a second time, resulting in US Congress passing the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, granting authority to assist any Southeast Asian facing "communist aggression"; later investigation deemed the second attack never happened as shipboard communications were misinterpreted.

[Jimbuna]

1305 William Wallace, who led Scottish resistance to England, is captured by the English near Glasgow and transported to London for trial and execution.

1864 Battle of Mobile Bay, won by the Union Army led by Rear Admiral David Farragut with the cry "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!" (US Civil War)

1884 Cornerstone for Statue of Liberty laid on Bedloe's Island (NYC)

1918 World War I: the last German air raid on England occurs, with four Zeppelin airships dropping bombs in the Midlands and North East England.

1944 German forces begin the mass killing of between 40,000 and 50,000 Polish civilians in the Wola district of Warsaw during the uprising.

1963 Britain, USA and USSR sign nuclear test ban treaty.

1969 The UVF plant their first bomb in the Republic of Ireland, damaging the RTÉ Television Centre in Dublin.

1997 Ramzi Yousef, mastermind of world trade centre bombing goes on trial.

[Jimbuna]

1890 At Auburn Prison in New York, murderer William Kemmler becomes the 1st person to be executed by electric chair.

1914 Denis Patrick Dowd Jr. enlists in the French Foreign Legion, becoming the first American to fight in World War I

1942 Canadian destroyer HMCS Assiniboine sinks U-210

1945 Atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima by the US B-29 Superfortress "Enola Gay"

1991 Tim Berners-Lee releases files describing his idea for the World Wide Web. WWW debuts as a publicly available service on the Internet.

[Jeff-Groves]

1991 Tim Berners-Lee releases files describing his idea for the World Wide Web. WWW debuts as a publicly available service on the Internet.
:hmmm:
Didn't Al Gore invent the Internet?

[Jimbuna]

1588 English set alight eight fireships, with pitch, brimstone, gunpowder and tar, and cast them downwind towards the closely anchored vessels of the Spanish Armada, scattering the armada.

1782 Commander of the Continental Army, George Washington, creates two Honorary Badges of Distinction and a Badge of Military Merit (now the Purple Heart). First time military awards are presented to common soldiers.

1940 Churchill recognizes De Gaulle's French government in exile.

1954 Englishman Roger Bannister beats Australia’s John Landy in the mile at the Empire Games in Vancouver; first time 2 men run sub-4 minute mile in the same race.

1959 Explorer 6 transmits 1st TV photo of Earth from space.

1970 British keyboard playing singer-songwriter Christine McVie (née Perfect) joins rock band Fleetwood Mac.

1990 US deploys troops to Saudi Arabia beginning Operation Desert Shield.

[Jimbuna]

1786 US Congress unanimously chooses the dollar as the monetary unit for the United States of America.

1929 German airship Graf Zeppelin begins a round-the-world flight.

1942 6 convicted Nazi saboteurs who landed in US executed in Washington, D.C.

1942 British Flower class corvette HMS Dianthus sinks U-379

1945 US, USSR, Britain and France sign Treaty of London which sets down procedures for the Nuremberg war trials of Nazi leaders.

1953 Soviet leader Georgi Malenkov reports possession of hydrogen bomb.

1974 US President Richard Nixon announces he will resign at 12pm the next day.

[Jimbuna]

1898 Rudolf Diesel of Germany obtains patent #608,845 for his internal combustion engine, later known as the diesel engine.

1915 British naval officer David Beatty is confirmed in the rank of vice-admiral.

1945 US drops second atomic bomb "Fat Man" on Nagasaki, Japan, destroying part of the city.

1974 Richard Nixon resigns as President of the United States and Vice President Gerald Ford swears the oath of office to take his place as the 38th US President.

2020 Disputed Belarusian presidential election sees long time dictator Alexander Lukashenko officially win 80% of the votes but unofficially lose 60-70% of the votes to main opposition candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya. Sparks widespread protests in Belarus and international condemnation.

[Jimbuna]

1628 Swedish warship Vasa sinks in Stockholm, killing 30

1653 Battle of Scheveningen: Final naval battle of the First Anglo-Dutch War, English fleet defeats a Dutch fleet led by Maarten Tromp who himself is killed by a sharpshooter in the rigging of William Penn's ship.

1776 American Revolutionary War: word of the United States Declaration of Independence reaches London.

1833 Chicago incorporates as a village of about 200

1893 Rudolf Diesel's prime model internal combustion engine, a single 10-foot iron cylinder with a flywheel at its base, ran on its own power for the first time in Augsburg, Germany.

1914 At Liege, German 12"/16.5" guns reach Belgian boundary.

1914 German battle cruiser Goeben reaches Dardanellen/Turkey joins Germany.

1943 Adolf Hitler watches lynching of allied pilots.

1943 US General George S. Patton calls injured soldier "cowardly"

1945 Japan announces willingness to surrender to Allies, provided Emperor Hirohito's status remains unchanged.

1976 Provisional Irish Republican Army volunteer shot dead by the British Army as he drove in Belfast; his car out of control and kills 3 children, sparking "peace rallies" throughout the month by the 'Peace People'

[Rockstar]

On this day in 1984, a hot mic records President Reagan joking with aides before a national radio broadcast: "My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you today that I've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in five minutes."

https://i.postimg.cc/765DsngJ/IMG-2231.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1885 $100,000 raised in US for pedestal for Statue of Liberty.

1935 Nazi mass demonstration against German Jews.

1942 British aircraft carrier HMS Eagle hit by 4 German torpedoed and sinks in the Mediterranean Sea, 81 miles south of Mallorca.

1945 Allies refuse Japan's offer to surrender on the condition that Emperor Hirohito retains his status.

1970 Two Royal Ulster Constabulary officers are killed by the Irish Republican Army when they set off a booby trap bomb planted in a car near Crossmaglen, County Armagh.

1971 4 people are shot dead in separate incidents in Belfast; three of them by the British Army, as violence continues following the introduction of Internment and Operation Demetrius.

1988 Al-Qaeda formed at a meeting between Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri and Dr Fadl in Peshawar, Pakistan.

2003 NATO takes over command of the peacekeeping force in Afghanistan, marking its first major operation outside Europe in its 54-year-history.

[Jimbuna]

1833 The town of Chicago is incorporated (population 350)

1908 Henry Ford's company builds the first Model T car.

1941 French Marshal Philippe Pétain gives full support to Nazi Germany.

1943 Alleged date of the first Philadelphia Experiment test on United States Navy ship USS Eldridge.

1945 Emperor Hirohito of Japan informs the imperial family that he has decided to surrender.

1969 Battle of the Bogside: RUC officers, backed by loyalists, entered the nationalist Bogside in armoured cars and tried to suppress the riot by using CS gas, water cannon and eventually firearms; the almost continuous rioting lasted for two days.

2000 The Oscar class submarine K-141 Kursk of the Russian Navy explodes and sinks in the Barents Sea during a military exercise.

[Jimbuna]

1906 Black soldiers accused of raiding Brownsville in Texas; despite support from local commanding officers, President Theodore Roosevelt orders dishonorable discharge for 167 soldiers; all were cleared of wrongdoing in 1972, 165 posthumously.

1918 Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) established as a public company in Germany.

1932 Adolf Hitler refuses President von Hindenburg's proposal to become vice-chancellor of Germany.

1940 Battle of Britain: Hermann Goering's "Adlertag" (Eagle Day) offensive happens, intending to destroy the Royal Air Force; 47-48 German aircraft shot down, the RAF loses 25 planes.

1942 The 'Manhattan Project' commences, under the direction of US General Leslie Groves: its aim - to deliver an atomic bomb.

1975 Bayardo Bar attack: Provisional Irish Republican Army volunteers carry out a gun and bomb attack on a pub in Belfast frequented by Ulster Volunteer Force commanders; 4 Protestant civilians and 1 UVF member are killed.

[Jimbuna]

1915 British transport Royal Edward sank by German U boat kills 1000

1941 US President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill issue the joint declaration that later becomes known as the Atlantic Charter.

1945 Japanese government notifies the Allies that it had accepted the Potsdam Declaration.

1945 V-J Day, Japan surrenders unconditionally to end WW II (also August 15 depending on time zone)

1969 British Army deploys on the streets of Northern Ireland, marking the beginning of Operation Banner.

1971 British begin internment without trial in Northern Ireland.

1972 2 British soldiers are killed by an IRA booby trap bomb in Belfast.

1972 A Catholic civilian is shot dead during an IRA attack on a British Army patrol in Belfast.

[Jimbuna]

1620 Mayflower sets sail from Southampton, England, with 102 Pilgrims.

1863 Confederate submarine "CSS H.L. Hunley" arrives in Charleston on railroad cars from Mobile, Alabama, where it was built.

1906 King Edward VII of Great Britain visits German Emperor Wilhelm II to discuss the escalating rivalry between their nations' naval forces.

1939 13 Nazi Luftwaffe Stuka dive bombers crash into the ground during a disastrous practice-demonstration at Neuhammer-am-Queis, Silesia, Germany (now Świętoszów, Poland) . No survivors.

1944 German field marshal Günther von Kluge vanishes for one day; he killed himself on the 19th in the aftermath of the attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler.

1998 Omagh Bombing in Northern Ireland, the worst terrorist incident of The Troubles, kills 29 people and injures about 220

2021 Afghan President Ashraf Ghani flees the country as Taliban forces enter the capital Kabul and take control.

[Rockstar]

16 August 1956, the "Battle of Palmdale" occurred when the U.S. Air Force attempted to shoot down a runaway Navy F6F-5K Hellcat drone. USAF pilots fired 208 rockets without scoring a hit, instead starting fires that burned 1,000 acres. The drone eventually ran out of fuel and crashed. :yeah:

https://i.postimg.cc/52drtzQr/IMG-2342.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1819 Peterloo Massacre, Manchester, England: cavalry charges demonstrators, 15 people killed and 400–700 injured.

1858 Britain's Queen Victoria telegraphs US President James Buchanan for 1st time by transatlantic telegraph cable, he replies "it is a triumph more glorious, because far more useful to mankind, than was ever won by conqueror on the field of battle."

1945 Puyi, the last Chinese Emperor and ruler of Manchukuo is captured by Soviet troops.

1971 Over 8,000 workers go on strike in Derry, Northern Ireland, in protest at the introduction of Internment (allowing suspected terrorists to be indefinitely detained without trial)

2012 Wikileaks founder, Julian Assange is granted political asylum by Ecuador.

[Jimbuna]

1590 Governor of Roanoke Island colony, John White, returns from England to find no trace of the colonists he had left there 3 years earlier [or Aug 18, 1591]

1940 Adolf Hitler orders a total blockade of Great Britain.

German raider Komet attacks Dutch SS Kota Nopan.

1943 498 British bombers attack Peenemunde (development base for the V weapons)

1945 Korea is divided into North and South Korea along the 38th parallel.

1960 Francis Gary Powers U-2 spy trial opens in Moscow.

1977 Russian nuclear sub "Artika" is 1st to North Pole.

1998 Monica Lewinsky scandal: US President Bill Clinton admits in taped testimony he had an "improper physical relationship" with the intern and on the same day admits before the nation he "misled people" about the relationship.

[Jimbuna]

1914 US President Woodrow Wilson issues "Proclamation of Neutrality"

1940 Battle of Britain: The air battle known as "The Hardest Day" occurs; Luftwaffe lose approximately 69 aircraft and the RAF lose 68 in one of the largest ever air battles.

1943 Otto Skorzeny's Heinkel-111 shot down at Sardinia.

1976 Korean axe murder incident: 2 US soldiers tasked with cutting down a poplar tree blocking the view of UN observers are killed by North Koreans claiming it was planted by Kim Il-sung in the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

[Jeff-Groves]

1966 Long Tan gets regarded as one of the significant battles fought by Australian forces during the Vietnam War.

[Jimbuna]

1839 Louis Daguerre's daguerreotype photographic process with complete working instructions is published "free to the world" in Paris as a gift to the world from the French government.

1914 German fleet bombs the English coast.

1915 British liner "SS Arabic" sunk by German submarine without warning leaving Liverpool for New York; killing 44. Creates diplomatic incident.

1942 World War II: General Friedrich Paulus orders the German 6th Army to conquer Stalingrad.

1942 Over 4,000 Canadian and British soldiers killed, wounded or captured raiding Dieppe, France.

1944 Nazis give parts of Paris to Resistance.

1960 American CIA pilot Francis Gary Powers convicted of spying by USSR (U-2 incident); sentence to 3 years in prison plus 7 in a labour camp, he served 17 months before being exchanged for a captured Soviet KGB spy.

1960 Soviet Sputnik 5 carries 2 dogs, 2 rats, 40 mice, 1 rabbit and fruit flies into space, 1st animals to return alive from orbit.

1965 Auschwitz trials end with 6 life sentences.

1989 1st crack in the Iron Curtain when Hungary opens its borders to Austria for a pan-European picnic for a few hours.

[Aktungbby]

1839 Louis Daguerre's daguerreotype photographic process with complete working instructions is published "free to the world" in Paris as a gift to the world from the French government.

Pics or it didn't happen https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Daguerreotype_Daguerre_Atelier_1837.jpg/330px-Daguerreotype_Daguerre_Atelier_1837.jpg <Still life with plaster casts, made by Daguerre in 1837, the earliest reliably dated daguerreotypehttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Boulevard_du_Temple_by_Daguerre.jpg/1280px-Boulevard_du_Temple_by_Daguerre.jpgBoulevard du Temple, Paris, 3rd arrondissement, Daguerreotype. Made in 1838 by inventor Louis Daguerre, this is believed to be the earliest photograph showing a living person. It is a view of a busy street, but because the exposure lasted for 4 to 5 minutes (see shutter speed Daguerre photo explained) the moving traffic left no trace. Only the two men near the bottom left corner, one apparently having his boots polished by the other, stayed in one place long enough to be visible. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daguerreotype

[Jimbuna]

2 Venus and Jupiter in conjunction - possible astrological explanation for Star of Bethlehem.

1908 America's Great White Fleet arrives in Sydney, Australia, to be greeted with a tremendous welcome; 221 American sailors desert to remain in Australia.

1940 British PM Churchill says of Royal Air Force, "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few"

1940 First Polish fighter squadrons fight alongside allies in the Battle of Britain.

1968 During the night 250,000 Soviet and Warsaw Pact troops invade Czechoslovakia in response to the Prague Spring.

[Jimbuna]

1808 Battle of Vimeiro: British and Portuguese forces led by General Arthur Wellesley defeat French force under Major-General Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro, Portugal, the first Anglo-Portuguese victory of the Peninsular War.

1942 German soldiers plant the Nazi flag on Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus.

1944 Battle of Falaise, Normandy, led by Polish Armoured Division and First Canadian Army - largest encirclement on the Western Front leading to surrender and capture of German 7th Army.

1968 Warsaw Pact forces complete their invasion of Czechoslovakia by arresting the Czech leader Alexander Dubček and forcing him to sign the Moscow Protocols.

[Jimbuna]

1485 Battle of Bosworth Field: Henry Tudor's forces defeat English King Richard III during last battle in the Wars of the Roses. Richard is killed, the last English monarch to die in battle.

1780 HMS Resolution, without Captain James Cook, returns to England.

1864 First Geneva Convention adopted in Geneva "for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field" signed by 12 nations.

1944 Adolf Hitler orders Paris to be destroyed.

1962 Failed assassination attempt on French President Charles de Gaulle.

1972 IRA bomb explodes prematurely at a customs post at Newry, County Down - 9 people, including three members of the IRA and five Catholic civilians, are killed in the explosion.

[Jimbuna]

1305 Scottish patriot William Wallace is executed for high treason by Edward I of England at Smithfield, London.

1889 1st ship-to-shore wireless message ("Sherman is sighted") received in the US from Lightship No. 70 to a coastal receiving station at Cliff House in San Francisco.

1939 Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union agree to the Molotov-Ribbentrop non-aggression pact and secretly divide Poland between themselves, setting the stage for World War II

1942 Battle of Stalingrad: 600 Luftwaffe planes bomb Stalingrad (40,000 die)

1943 50th day of Battle of Kursk, USSR: Largest tank battle in history ends with Russia's defeat of Germany; over 10,000 tanks take part, nearly 250,000 combatants killed.

1996 Osama bin Laden issues message entitled "A declaration of war against the Americans occupying the land of the two holy places"

[Jimbuna]

1814 British forces capture Washington, D.C. and destroy many landmarks (War of 1812)

1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) goes into effect.

1957 At age 17 future England soccer striker Jimmy Greaves scores on his First Division debut for Chelsea against Tottenham Hotspur in a 1–1 draw at White Hart Lane.

1968 France becomes the world's fifth thermonuclear power with a detonation on Mururoa Atoll in the South Pacific.

1991 Ukraine declares independence from USSR

[Jimbuna]

1768 Captain James Cook departs from Plymouth, England, on his first voyage on board the Endeavour, bound for the Pacific Ocean.

1875 Captain Matthew Webb makes the 1st observed and unassisted swim across the English Channel in 21 hours and 45 minutes.

1892 British naval officer David Beatty is promoted to lieutenant.

1914 German troops in occupied Belgium begin the 6 week "Sack of Louvain," destroying historical buildings and killing hundreds of civilians.

1921 US signs peace treaty with Germany.

1943 Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten appointed Supreme Allied Commander in South East Asia.

1944 German commander Dietrich von Choltitz surrenders Paris to the Free French forces of Philippe Leclerc, disobeying Adolf Hitler's orders to destroy the city. President of the Provisional Government of the French Republic Charles de Gaulle gives a famous speech at the Hôtel de Ville.

1990 UN security council authorizes military action against Iraq.

1991 Linux is born when Linus Torvalds sends off an email announcing his project to create a new computer operating system.

[Rockstar]

25 August 1939, THE WIZARD OF OZ was released.

The Captain of the Winkie Guards was played by Mitchell Lewis, a 6-year Navy veteran who served on RADM William T. Sampson's flagship USS New York during the Spanish-American War. Lewis appeared in more than 175 films during his career.

https://i.postimg.cc/0jSTPc86/IMG-2437.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1682 English astronomer Edmond Halley first observes the comet named after him.

1922 Japanese cruiser Niitaka driven onto rocks in storm at Kamchatka, 284 killed.

1944 French General Leclerc's 2nd Armored Division and Charles de Gaulle parade down the Champs Elysees in Paris after the liberation of the city from Nazi occupation.

1945 Japanese diplomats board USS Missouri to receive instructions on Japan's surrender at the end of WWII

1985 French government denies knowledge of bombing of the Greenpeace flagship the Rainbow Warrior in Auckland New Zealand.

[Jeff-Groves]

1886 - The British set fire to the White House.

2023 - Millions of Americans wish they would do it again.

[Jimbuna]

:haha:

[Jeff-Groves]

Now that's nomination stuff right there!
:har:

[Aktungbby]

1814 British forces capture Washington, D.C. and destroy many landmarks (War of 1812)



1886 - The British set fire to the White House.

2023 - Millions of Americans wish they would do it again. Jimbo got it right the first time...no nomination fer U!:O:

[Jeff-Groves]

Foiled by a typo!!!
:/\\!!

[Jimbuna]

Dyslexic fingers more like :haha:

[Jimbuna]

1896 Britain defeats Zanzibar in a 38-minute war (9:02 AM-9:40 AM). Shortest recorded war in history.

1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact, 60 nations agree to condemn 'recourse to war for the solution of international controversies'.

1941 WWII: British Royal Navy captures German U-boat U-570 on its maiden voyage; it is re-flagged as HMS Graph, and used by the British for nearly 2 years.

1942 Soviet woman sniper Lyudmila Pavlichenko arrives in Washington D.C., the 1st Soviet citizen welcomed at the White House, by Eleanor Roosevelt.

1945 US troops land in Japan after Japanese surrender.

1979 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, cousin of Queen Elizabeth II and last Viceroy of India, is killed along with three companions, two of them children by the IRA when his boat is blown up near Sligo, Ireland.

[Jimbuna]

1914 World War I: Battle of Helgoland Bight (North Sea); British fleet decisively beats Germans, nearly 800 die, and over 200 wounded.

1952 German & Israeli reach accord about recovery payments.

1963 Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I have a dream" speech addressing the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom civil rights march at Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C.

1972 North Korean shooter Ri Ho-jun wins the 50m rifle prone event at the Munich Olympics; his nation's first ever Olympic gold medal.

1979 IRA bomb explodes in Brussels' Great Market.

1981 John Hinckley pleads innocent to attempt to assassinate US President Ronald Reagan.

1986 US Navy officer Jerry A Whitworth sentenced to 365 years for spying.

[Jimbuna]

1910 Japan changes Korea's name to Chōsen and appoints a governor-general to rule its new colony.

1916 General Paul von Hindenburg replaces Von Falkenhayn as German chief of staff.

1929 German airship Graf Zeppelin ends a round-the-world flight.

1930 The last 36 remaining inhabitants of St Kilda are voluntarily evacuated to other parts of Scotland.

1939 Chaim Weizmann informs England that Palestine Jews will fight in WW II

1943 Danish Navy scuttles its warships so as not to be taken by Germany.

1944 15,000 American troops liberating Paris march down Champs Elysees.

1945 British liberate Hong Kong from Japan.

1949 USSR performs its first nuclear test at Semipalatinsk, Kazakh SSR

1990 Saddam Hussein declares America can't beat Iraq.

2005 Hurricane Katrina makes 2nd and 3rd landfall as a category 3 hurricane, devastating much of the U.S. Gulf Coast from Louisiana to Florida Panhandle. Kills more than 1,836, causes over $115 billion in damage.

[Jeff-Groves]

1945 British liberate Hong Kong from Japan.

2023 Millions of Americans hope the British will liberate the States from The Federal Government.

[Jimbuna]

1146 European leaders outlaw the crossbow, intending to end war for all time.

1932 Hermann Goering elected President of the German Reichstag.

1939 Isoroku Yamamoto appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese fleet.

1941 Winston Churchill approves a nuclear programme (Tube Alloys), first national leader to do so.

1945 US General Douglas MacArthur lands in Japan.

1962 Japan conducts a test of the NAMC YS-11, its first aircraft since the war and its only successful commercial aircraft from before or after the war.

1993 150,000,000th visitor to the Eiffel Tower.

[Jimbuna]

1888 The body of Jack the Ripper's first victim, Mary Ann Nichols, is found in Whitechapel in London's East End.

1939 Staged "Polish" assault on radio station in Gleiwitz.

1940 RAF Fighter Command loses 39 aircraft against Luftwaffe's 41

1942 U-boats sink and damage 131 allied ships this month (639,946 tons)

1994 The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Sinn Féin) declares a ceasefire in Northern Ireland.

1997 Diana, Princess of Wales, dies in a car crash in a road tunnel in Paris.

[Jimbuna]

1914 The last passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo (Cincinnati, Ohio)

1915 The German ambassador to the US pledges again that German submarines will no longer sink liners without warning and providing safety of passengers and crew following the sinking of the British liner "Arabic"

1933 US Navy renames NAS Sunnyvale, near San Francisco, California, NAS Moffett Field, in honor of Rear Admiral William A. Moffett; Moffett championed the construction of the base, but died in the crash of airship USS Akron before the base opened.

1939 Adolf Hitler orders extermination of mentally ill through the "Aktion T4 Euthanasia Program," arguing that wartime "was the best time for the elimination of the incurably ill"

1939 The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe soldiers is instituted. The final version of the Iron Cross was also instituted on this date.

1939 World War II starts when Germany invades Poland by attacking the Free City of Danzig.

1941 Jews living in Germany are required to wear a yellow star of David.

1944 King George VI promotes Montgomery to field marshal.

1975 5 Protestant civilians are killed and 7 were wounded in a Provisional Irish Republican Army gun attack on Tullyvallen Orange Hall near Newtownhamilton, County Armagh.

[Aktungbby]

1939 Adolf Hitler orders extermination of mentally ill through the "Aktion T4 Euthanasia Program," arguing that wartime "was the best time for the elimination of the incurably ill"
He had a personal reason for doing so??!!:shucks:
One of the thousands of victims of the Nazi regime’s program to kill mentally ill people was a relative of Adolf Hitler, two historians said Tuesday.
The woman, identified only as Aloisia V., was 49 when she was gassed on Dec. 6, 1940, at an institution in the Hartheim castle near the northern Austrian city of Linz, historian Timothy Ryback said.
Ryback, an American historian who now lives in Salzburg and heads the Obersalzberg Institute in Berchtesgaden, Germany, said the details surrounding the woman’s death surfaced last week after Obersalzberg archivist Florian Beierl gained access to her medical file at a Vienna medical institution where she had been treated.
An ink stamp on the file serves as “proof of extermination,” Ryback said. That mental illness flourished in Hitler’s extended family is nothing new — a secret 1944 Gestapo report that has been known for decades described Aloisia’s line of the family as “idiotic progeny,” Beierl said.

Both Ryback and Beierl declined to comment on any implications their findings might have. Wolfgang Eisenmenger, a German expert in forensic medicine who is involved in the research, warned against drawing any conclusions about Hitler’s own mental health.

“An expert on hereditary psychological illnesses could perhaps draw some conclusions from the results of the reconstructed family tree,” Eisenmenger said in a statement on the Obersalzberg Web site. Recently released medical files on Aloisia say she suffered from schizophrenia, depression, delusions and a range of other mental problems, Ryback said. Her treatment included confinement in cage beds, a widespread practice even before Nazi times.

It’s unclear whether Hitler was aware of his relative’s illness and her fate, Ryback said, adding researchers are trying to determine that.

Aloisia was the great-grandchild of the sister of Hitler’s paternal grandmother, meaning she was part of the Schicklgruber side of the family, Beierl said. Her family was close to Hitler’s family, and Hitler’s father helped her father get a job as a civil servant in Vienna, he added. Hitler's father was named Alois.

‘The entire line died out’
Ryback said he and Beierl, who have researched Hitler’s family for five years, kept coming across “cases of either physical or mental disabilities in Hitler’s family.”

The Schicklgruber side of the family was especially hard-hit and “crashed into suicide and mental illness,” he added. “The entire line died out.”TOO bad Megalomania ie: incl. a wounded WWI veteran, Adolf Shicklgruber,:hmmm: wasn't a gassable offense in 1939...:timeout::oops::shifty::dead:

[mapuc]

Germany was not the first country to use Euthanasia and Eugenic against their own citizens - It was Denmark who already from 1929 had Euthanasia and Eugenic. Euthanasia ended in the middle of the 30's while Eugenic continued up to 1957.

What Germany did was putting it into production.

Markus

[Jimbuna]

1666 Great Fire of London begins at 2am in Pudding Lane, 80% of London is destroyed.

1792 September Massacres of the French Revolution: In Paris rampaging mobs slaughter 3 Roman Catholic bishops, more than two hundred priests, and prisoners believed to be royalist sympathizers.

1807 The Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets to prevent Denmark from surrendering its fleet to Napoleon.

1945 V-J Day, formal Surrender of Japan aboard USS Missouri marks the end of World War II (Japanese date, 1st September in US)

1977 One of the great anti-climaxes in sport; 43-year-old transsexual Rene Richards, who fought for over a year for right to play in a major event, is beaten 6-1, 6-4 by Wimbledon champion Virginia Wade at the US Open.

1987 Donald Trump takes out a full page NY Times ad lambasting Japan.

1987 Trial begins in Moscow for West German pilot Mathias Rust, who flew a private plane from Finland to Moscow, USSR

[Jimbuna]

1783 Treaty of Paris signed in Paris ends the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and United States of America.

1826 USS Vincennes leaves NY to become 1st warship to circumnavigate globe.

1919 President Woodrow Wilson set out on a tour of the USA to rouse public opinion behind the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.

1939 German submarine U-30, commanded by Oberleutnant Fritz-Julius Lemp, sinks British passenger ship SS Athenia; 117 people die, among them 28 Americans.

1939 Mitford sister and Nazi sympathizer Unity Mitford attempts suicide after Britain declares war on Germany, bullet lodged in her brain eventually kills her in 1948

1939 Britain declares war on Germany after invasion of Poland. France follows 6 hours later quickly joined by Australia, New Zealand, South Africa & Canada.

1940 Adolf Hitler orders an invasion of Great Britain for Sept 21 (Operation Seelöwe/Sealion)

1940 US gives Britain 50 destroyers in exchange for Newfoundland base lease.

1941 1st use of Zyclon-B gas in Auschwitz (on Russian prisoners of war)

1944 Holocaust diarist Anne Frank sent to Auschwitz concentration camp.

1954 The German U-Boat U-505 began its move from a specially constructed dock to its final site at Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry.

[Jimbuna]

1781 Los Angeles is founded by 44 Spanish speaking mestizos in the Bahia de las Fumas (Bay of Smokes)

1884 Britain ends its policy of penal transportation to New South Wales in Australia.

1886 Apache Chief Geronimo surrenders ending last major US-Indian war.

1939 Mir, a Nazi ghetto in occupied Poland, is exterminated.

1940 Nazi collaborator Mussert puts the fate of Netherlands in Hitler's hands.

1941 US destroyer Greer fires on German submarine U-652

[Jimbuna]

1666 Great Fire of London ends, leaving 13,200 houses destroyed and 8 dead.

1800 Malta surrenders to British after they blockade French troops.

1914 US President Woodrow Wilson orders US Navy to make its wireless stations accessible for any transatlantic communications - even to German diplomats sending coded messages; leads to interception of the Zimmermann telegram, helping bring the US into the war.

1929 French premier Aristide Briand requests a United States of Europe.

1939 New Zealand Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage declares New Zealand's support for Britain in the war with Germany; Savage famously told the nation 'where she goes, we go. Where she stands, we stand'

1944 "Mad Tuesday" 65,000 Dutch nazi collaborators flee to Germany.

1946 Amon Göth, former head of Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp, found guilty of imprisonment, torture, and extermination of individuals and groups of people, the first conviction of homicide at a war crimes court.

[Rockstar]

The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes or simply the Battle of the Capes, was a crucial naval battle in the American Revolutionary War that took place near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 1781.

The combatants were a British fleet led by Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves and a French fleet led by Rear Admiral François Joseph Paul, the Comte de Grasse. The battle was strategically decisive, in that it prevented the Royal Navy from reinforcing or evacuating the besieged forces of Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia.

The French were able to achieve control of the sea lanes against the British and provided the Franco-American army with siege artillery and French reinforcements. These proved decisive in the Siege of Yorktown, effectively securing independence for the Thirteen Colonies.

https://i.postimg.cc/HkzRjJ6P/IMG-2605.jpg

https://i.postimg.cc/CM4j3j5t/IMG-2607.jpg

[Aktungbby]

1666 Great Fire of London ends, leaving 13,200 houses destroyed and 8 dead.
"...'cause fire is the devil's only friend"...:hmmm::shucks::yep:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/American_Pie_by_Don_McLean_US_vinyl_single.jpg/220px-American_Pie_by_Don_McLean_US_vinyl_single.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1666 After St Paul's Cathedral and much of the city had been burned down over four days, The Great Fire of London is finally extinguished.

1886 Queen Victoria establishes Distinguished Service Order (DSO)

1917 French pilot Georges Guynemer shoots down 54th German aircraft.

1989 Police computer accuses 41,000 Parisians of murder/prostitution.

1997 Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales held at Westminster Abbey in London.

[Aktungbby]

Launched from the IJN submarine I-25, Nobuo Fujita flying his modified float equipped Zero aircraft, dropped two incendiary bombs on an Oregan mountain, Mt Emily in an attempt to start a massive forest fire. The news was suppressed to save morale. It was the first aerial bombing of the US mainland by a foreign power.

[Rockstar]

15 September 1942, the Japanese sub I-19 fired one of the most damaging torpedo salvos in the history of submarine warfare. The 6 torpedo spread hit and sank the carrier USS Wasp and the destroyer USS O'Brien while severely damaging the battleship USS North Carolina.

[Rockstar]

17 September 1944, operation Market Garden began. Within hours the British at Arnhem would be met by *seasoned* veterans of two SS panzer divisions.

https://i.postimg.cc/1zf1cDYD/IMG-2746.jpg

[Aktungbby]

1630:...the Massachusetts village of Shawmut changed its name to Boston leading to " Boston Bruins, Boston Red Socks, Boston Bruins...and the infamous Boston Tea Party" all of which has a distinct cachet to it!:yeah: particularly as my bride of 43 years graduated from Boston College(summa cum laude:yeah:)...which is actually in nearby Chestnut Hill, MA??:timeout:

[Rockstar]

24 September 1940, HMS Wellesley (launched in 1815) became the last British ship of the line to be lost to enemy action when it sank after being hit during a German air-raid. Wellesley participated in the First Opium War and was being used as a training ship at the outbreak of WWII.

https://i.postimg.cc/HLqTpYxp/IMG-2802.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1580 Francis Drake completes circumnavigation of the world, sailing into Plymouth aboard the 'Golden Hind'

1665 Height of the Great Plague of London as 7,165 people die throughout the previous week.

1918 Beginning of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, more than 1 million American soldiers in the largest and most costly offensive of WWI

1925 Italian sub "Sebastiano Veniero" lost off Sicily with 54 dead.

1934 British ocean liner RMS Queen Mary is launched; "wins" Blue Riband for fastest passenger crossing of Atlantic, 1936 & 1938-52; retired in 1967, permanently moored and converted to a hotel in Long Beach, California.

1940 Luftwaffe bombs Spitfire factory in Woolston, Southampton for second time, 30 killed.

1973 Concorde makes its first non-stop crossing of the Atlantic (Washington, D.C. to Paris) in record-breaking time (3h33m).

1983 Soviet military officer Lt. Col. Stanislav Petrov averts a worldwide nuclear war by judging supposed missile attack from the US an error.

1984 Britain & China initial agreement return Hong Kong to China in 1997

[Jimbuna]

1066 William the Conqueror's troops set sail from Normandy to conquer England.

1779 John Adams appointed to negotiate Revolutionary War peace terms with Great Britain.

1938 British ocean liner "Queen Elizabeth" launches at Clydebank, Scotland.

1940 55 German aircraft shot down above England.

1945 US General and head of the Allied occupation of Japan, Douglas MacArthur, meets Emperor Hirohito in Tokyo for the first time.

1996 In Afghanistan, the Taliban capture the capital city Kabul after driving out President Burhanuddin Rabbani and executing former leader Mohammad Najibullah.

[Jimbuna]

1066 William the Conqueror, then Duke of Normandy, lands at Pevensey Bay in Sussex, beginning the Norman conquest of England.

1785 Napoléon Bonaparte, aged 16, graduates from the elite École Militaire in Paris (42nd in a class of 51)

1939 German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty is signed by Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov; redraws German and Soviet spheres of influence in central Europe and transfers most of Lithuania to the USSR

1944 Theodore Roosevelt Jr., son of President Theodore Roosevelt, is posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for directing troops at Utah Beach during the D-Day landings.

1958 USAF selects Thor over Jupiter rocket for mass production as ICBM's

[Aktungbby]

1066 William the Conqueror's troops set sail from Normandy to conquer England.



1066 William the Conqueror, then Duke of Normandy, lands at Pevensey Bay in Sussex, beginning the Norman conquest of England.

A short trip indeed!!???:hmmm: The building of the invasion fleet>https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/frontend/_processed_/8/e/csm_Bayeux6_skibsbyggeri_8a11e89012.jpgThe fleet sails out. The shields on the stems probably bear the standards of the individual magnates> https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/frontend/_processed_/3/0/csm_Bayeux8_flaaden_sejler_ud1_1e33c4b722.jpg The fleet sails out. The tapestry’s delineation of horses being transported on board ships that could be rowed is remarkable.>https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/frontend/_processed_/e/b/csm_Bayeux9_flaaden_sejler_ud2_1dc608d12c.jpgThe central part of the fleet with William’s ship. The shields are shown along the gunwale, but on the inside. They are not sitting on the outside as they did, for example, on the small longship, https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/frontend/_processed_/c/8/csm_Bayeux11_landgang_2f12bbae2b.jpg<Disembarkation. The ship is poled the last part of the way to the coast, the mast is laid down and the horses jump over the gunwale down into the shallow water. https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/frontend/_processed_/3/b/csm_Bayeux12_flaaden_oplagt_8eddbf04d1.jpg<The final picture of ships on the tapestry. The invasion fleet is lying at the beach, the masts have been laid down and the decorations on the stems have also been removed.

[Jimbuna]

1829 The first units of the London Metropolitan Police appear on the streets of the British capital, the city's 1st modern police force.

1940 1st US merchant ship "Booker T. Washington" commanded by a black captain (Hugh Mulzac), launched at Wilmington Delaware.

1941 Nazi massacre at Babi Yar ravine (near Kiev) Ukraine begins, 33,771 mostly Jews murdered.

[Jimbuna]

1938 Treaty of Munich signed by Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Édouard Daladier and Neville Chamberlain, forces Czechoslovakia to give territory to Germany. Chamberlain infamously declares "Peace for our time" on his return to London.

1939 Germany & Russia agree to partition Poland.

1941 German assault on Moscow, Operation Typhoon, begins.

1942 Admiral Chester Nimitz's B-17 finds Guadalcanal using a National Geographic map.

1946 Twenty-two Nazi leaders, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Hermann Goering, are found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to death or prison at the Nuremberg war trials.

[Aktungbby]

1777: the Continental Congress, forced to flee in theface of advancing British forces, moved from Philadelphia to York Pennsyvania...arguably the only time it acted in unison! :hmmm:

[Jimbuna]

1653 Russian parliament accepts annexation of Ukraine.

1688 Prince William of Orange accepts invitation of take up the British crown.

1914 The first division of Canadian troops, 33,000 sail for Britain; most Canadians are volunteers, anxious to prove their loyalty to the Commonwealth.

1934 Adolf Hitler expands German army and navy, violating Treaty of Versailles.

1939 Winston Churchill calls Russia a "riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma"

1942 Bell P-59 Airacomet fighter, 1st US jet, makes maiden flight.

1946 12 Nazi war criminals sentenced to death in Nuremberg.

1947 The F-86 Sabre flies for the first time.

1988 Mikhail Gorbachev becomes Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, effectively head of state of the Soviet Union.

1998 Vladimir Putin became a permanent member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.

[Jimbuna]

1901 First Royal Navy submarine launched at Barrow-in-Furness.

1939 Prototype for the Ilyushin Il-2, world's most-produced military airplane designed by Sergey Ilyushin, takes it first flight. Over 36,000 made for Soviet airforce in WWII.

1942 RMS Queen Mary, carrying thousands of US troops, slices cruiser HMS Curacao in half, killing 239

1942 WWII: British Royal Navy boards floundering German U-boat U-559 retrieving abandoned Enigma code machine before it sinks; 2 British sailors go down with the sub.

1944 Polish resistance fighters capitulate in the Warsaw Uprising, with some 250,000 people killed.

2007 President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea walks across the Military Demarcation Line into North Korea on his way to the second Inter-Korean Summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il

[Jimbuna]

1283 Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Prince of Gwynedd, Wales, becomes the first person executed by being hanged, drawn and quartered.

1941 Adolf Hitler says Russia is "already broken and will never rise again" in a broadcast to the German people.

1942 Launch of 1st A-4/V-2 rocket to altitude of 53 miles (85 km)

1990 Reunification of East and West Germany. West German flag is raised above the Brandenburg Gate on the stroke of midnight.

[Aktungbby]

1942 RMS Queen Mary, carrying thousands of US troops, slices cruiser HMS Curacao in half, killing 239

two of my sources reflect 337 or 338 casualties...mostly from the stern-half that sank immediately?:hmmm: The Queen not only hit the Curcoa but sliced the light cruiser in two amidships at full speed, like a hot scalpel through a stick of butter. The disparity in tonnage was so great that thousands of soldiers and seamen aboard the Queen felt nothing as the huge liner cut the warship in half. No doubt Commodore Illingworth aboard the Queen Mary was sick to his stomach as he watched the aft end of the cruiser sink almost immediately with the men inside trapped and doomed to a watery grave. The other half of the Curacoa sank a few minutes later. Adding even more misery to the tragedy and Commodore Illingworth, the Queen Mary sailed on with a damaged bow, still under strict orders to stop for nothing, even for sailors freezing to death in the ice-cold ocean after their vessel was sliced in half by the ship he commanded. https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/38029178/umj-87-03-188.pdf.jpg?sequence=4&isAllowed=y

[Jimbuna]

1883 The Orient Express departs on its first official journey from Paris to Istanbul.

1957 Avro Arrow roll-out ceremony at Avro Canada plant in Malton, Ontario.

1993 Troops and tanks of President Boris Yeltsin shell and occupy the Russian White House in Moscow, the house of government of the Russian Federation.

[Jimbuna]

1863 Confederate sub David damages Union ship Ironsides.

1916 Adolf Hitler is wounded in the left thigh by an exploding shell during the Battle of the Somme.

1942 Budy Massacre at Auschwitz sub-camp, 90 French-Jewish women beaten to death by prison guards.

1943 US air raid on Wake, Japanese execute 98 US prisoners in retaliation.

1947 Harry Truman makes the 1st Presidential address televised from the White House.

1993 Russian President Boris Yeltsin removes honor guard from Lenin's mausoleum.

2020 US President Donald Trump leaves Walter Reed National Military Medical Center while still infectious with COVID-19 and returns to the White House.

[Jimbuna]

1917 Battle of Passchendaele: Canadian troops capture the village of Passchendaele in the Third Battle of Ypres, after 250,000 casualties on both sides.

1939 Adolf Hitler announces plans to regulate Jewish problem.

1939 Adolf Hitler denies he intends to go to war against France and Britain.

1944 Royal Dutch Navy submarine Zwaardvis (Swordfish) sinks German submarine U168 in the Java Sea.

1945 US General Eisenhower welcomed in The Hague (on Hitler's train)

1949 US President Harry Truman signs Mutual Defense Assistance Act (for NATO)

1951 Joseph Stalin proclaims the Soviet Union has the atomic bomb.

1961 JFK advises Americans to build fallout shelters.

1976 US President Gerald Ford says there is "no Soviet domination in Eastern Europe"

[Jimbuna]

1916 The German submarine U-53 arrives off Newport, Rhode Island, and sinks 9 British merchant ships in international waters.

1929 Ramsay MacDonald is first British Prime Minister to address US Congress.

1935 Himmler, Hess and Heydrich inspect the concentration camp at Dachau.

1940 the McCollum memo proposes bringing the U.S. into the war in Europe by provoking the Japanese to attack the United States.

1942 Last camouflaged German raider Komet leaves Flushing (Netherlands)

1944 Field Marshal Erwin Rommel ordered to return to Berlin.

1944 Uprising at Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, Jews burn down crematoriums.

2001 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan starts with an air assault and covert operations on the ground.

[Jimbuna]

1769 Captain James Cook lands in New Zealand at Poverty Bay on the East Coast of the North Island.

1918 American soldier Alvin York single-handedly attacks German gun nest, killing at least 25 and capturing 132 Germans.

1941 Building at Concentration Camp Birkenau begins.

1945 US President Harry Truman announces atomic bomb secret shared with Britain and Canada.

[Jimbuna]

1799 Sinking of British frigate HMS Lutine, with the loss of 240 men and cargo worth £1,200,000 off Dutch coast.

1932 Soviet leader Joseph Stalin expels Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev from the Communist Party after a power struggle.

1941 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt approves an atomic program that would become the Manhattan Project.

1990 Saddam Hussein threatens to hit Israel with a new missile.

2006 North Korea conducts its first nuclear test, with an estimated yield of between 0.4-2 kilotons.

[Jimbuna]

1871 The Great Chicago Fire is finally extinguished after 3 days, leaving approximately 300 dead, 100,000 homeless, and costing $222m in damage.

1938 Germany completes its annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland.

1941 Battle of Moscow - Germans Wehrmacht forces encounter stronger than expected resistance at the Mozhaisk line, west of Moscow.

1957 A fire at the Windscale nuclear plant in Cumbria, England becomes the world's first major nuclear accident.

1957 US President Eisenhower apologizes to the finance minister of Ghana, Komla Agbeli Gbdemah, after he is refused service in a restaurant in Dover, Delaware.

1974 The Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) and its political wing the Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP) founded at the Spa Hotel in the village of Lucan near Dublin.

1975 Israel formally signs protocol for the Sinai II Agreement accord with Egypt, in Jerusalem.

1985 US fighter jets force Egyptian plane carrying hijackers of Italian ship Achille Lauro to land in Italy, gunmen are placed in custody.

[Jimbuna]

1797 Battle of Camperdown (Kamperduin): British navy defeats Dutch fleet.

1939 FDR and advisor Alexander Sachs meet to discuss Albert Einstein's letter warning of the possibilities of an atomic bomb.

1969 Three people shot dead during street violence in the loyalist Shankill area of Belfast.

1985 US intercepts Egyptian Boeing with Achille Lauro terrorists.

1992 1st three-way US presidential debate (George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and Ross Perot)

[Jimbuna]

1859 Self-proclaimed Emperor of the USA, Emperor Norton issues edict abolishing the US Congress.

1900 The first modern submarine is commissioned by the U.S. Navy as the USS Holland, named for its designer John Philip Holland.

1915 Despite international protest, Edith Cavell an English nurse in Belgium, is executed by the Germans for aiding the escape of Allied prisoners.

1915 Ford Motor Company under Henry Ford manufactures its 1 millionth automobile at the River Rouge plant in Detroit.

1960 Japanese politician Inejiro Asanuma is assassinated with a sword during a televised debate live on TV by 17-year old nationalist Otoya Yamaguchi.

1984 IRA bombs the Grand Hotel, Brighton, where British PM Margaret Thatcher is staying, 5 die.

2000 American destroyer USS Cole is badly damaged in Aden, Yemen, by two suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39

[Jimbuna]

1775 First US Navy forms when Continental Congress orders construction of a naval fleet.

1881 Revival of Hebrew language as Eliezer Ben-Yehuda & friends agree to use Hebrew exclusively in their conversations.

1930 New German Reichstag opens with 107 NSDAP members in uniform.

1941 Nazis kill 11,000 Jewish children and old people, in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine; additional murders continue on the 14th

1972 Uruguay to Chile plane crashes in Andes Mountains, (passengers eat crash victims to survive, 16 of 45 rescued 2 months later)

2010 Copiapó mining accident in Chile comes to a happy end as all 33 miners arrive at the surface after surviving a record 69 days underground.

[Jimbuna]

1066 Battle of Hastings: William, Duke of Normandy and his Norman army defeat the English forces of Harold II who is killed in the battle.

1322 Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.

1933 Nazi Germany announces its withdrawal from the League of Nations.

1938 Nazis plan Jewish ghettos for all major cities.

1939 German U-47 sinks British battleship HMS Royal Oak, 833 killed.

1943 600 Jewish prisoners mount an uprising at the Nazi concentration camp in Sobibor, Poland, 300 successfully escape.

1962 US U-2 espionage planes locate missile launchers in Cuba.

[Jimbuna]

1815 Napoleon Bonaparte arrives on island of St Helena to begin his exile.

1860 11-year-old Grace Bedell writes to Abraham Lincoln telling him to grow a beard.

1917 Dutch exotic dancer Mata Hari is executed by firing squad for spying for Germany during WWI at Vincennes near Paris.

1918 British Q-ship Cymric sinks British submarine J6

1941 Hideki Tojo appointed Prime Minister of Imperial Japan.

1942 German 6th Army occupies Tractorenfabriek, 3,000 Germans die.

[Jimbuna]

1813 Battle of Leipzig, largest battle in Europe prior to WWI, Napoleon's forces defeated by Prussia, Austria and Russia.

1940 Warsaw Ghetto is formed by German Governor-General Hans Frank.

1946 10 Nazi leaders are hanged as war criminals after Nuremberg war trials, including Wilhelm Keitel, Joachim von Ribbentrop and Alfred Jodl.

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis begins as JFK is shown photos confirming the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba.

1964 China becomes world's 5th nuclear power.

1972 2 members of the Official Irish Republican Army are shot dead by the British Army in County Tyrone.

1972 A Protestant youth member (15) of the Ulster Defence Association, and a UDA member (26) are run over by British Army vehicles during riots in east Belfast.

[Jimbuna]

415 Jewish autonomy in Palestine ended by the Romans and Raban Gamliel forced from office.

1941 USS Kearney becomes the 1st US destroyer torpedoed in World War II, while the country is still officially neutral.

1943 Burma railway completed, built by Allied POWs and Asian laborers for use of the Japanese army.

1943 Liberators sink U-540

1973 OPEC oil ministers use oil as an economic weapon in the Arab-Israeli War, mandating a cut in exports and recommending an embargo against unfriendly state.

2017 Islamic State headquarters Raqqa declared under full control of US-led alliance by Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) spokesman Talal Sello after 4 months of fighting.

[Jimbuna]

1867 Alaska Purchase: US takes formal possession of Alaska from Russia, having paid $7.2 million.

1919 David Beatty is created 1st Earl Beatty, Viscount Borodale, and Baron Beatty of the North Sea and Brooksby.

1929 Women are considered "Persons" under Canadian law.

1942 Hitler orders captured allied commandos to be killed.

[Jimbuna]

1781 British forces under General Charles Cornwallis sign terms of surrender to George Washington and Comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown at 2 pm, ending the US Revolutionary War.

1812 Napoleon Bonaparte and his Grande Armée begin their retreat from Moscow numbering just 100,000 (started campaign with 500,000)

1919 1st US Distinguished Service Medal awarded to a living female recipient, Anna Howard Shaw.

1939 Hermann Goering begins plunder through Nazi's occupied areas.

1950 UN forces enter Pyongyang, capital of North Korea.

1951 US President Harry Truman formally ends state of war with Germany.

1977 Supersonic Concorde jet's 1st landing in NYC

1987 US warships destroy 2 Iranian oil platforms in Persian Gulf.

1988 Britain bans broadcast interviews with IRA members.

[Jimbuna]

1918 In order to secure a WWI armistice, Germany agrees to further concessions.

1921 Germany and Allies come to an agreements over reparation payments in a meeting at Wiensbaden.

1967 A purported bigfoot is filmed at Bluff Creek by Roger Patterson and Robert Gimlin in Northern California.

1971 US Senator Edward Kennedy calls for a withdrawal of British troops from Northern Ireland and all-party negotiations to establish a United Ireland.

1973 Queen Elizabeth II opens the Sydney Opera House.

1973 US President Nixon accepts the resignations of Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus as they refuse orders to discharge Watergate Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox, in what has become known as "The Saturday Night Massacre"; after the resignations, Acting Attorney General Robert Bork fires Cox.

1988 Britain ends suspects' right to remain silent in crackdown on IRA

[Dargo]

76 years ago, the USSR authorities began the forced deportation of over 78,000 Ukrainians from the West of the country to remote areas of Siberia and Kazakhstan. Operation West was the most massive Stalinist deportation of the population of western Ukraine in order to neutralize Ukraine liberation movement.

[Jimbuna]

1797 The USS Constitution (Old Ironsides) is launched in Boston.

1805 Battle of Trafalgar: British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats combined French and Spanish fleet. Nelson shot and killed during battle.

1854 Florence Nightingale with a staff of 38 nurses is sent to the Crimean War.

1917 1st Americans to see action on front lines of WWI: US troops enter front lines at Sommervillier under French command.

1944 US troops capture Aachen, 1st large German city to fall.

1948 UN rejects Russian proposal to destroy atomic weapons.

1966 116 children and 28 adults die as a coal waste heap slides and engulfs a school in Aberfan, South Wales.

1994 North Korea signs pact to end their nuclear projects.

[Jimbuna]

1836 Sam Houston inaugurated as 1st elected President of the Republic of Texas.

1884 International Meridian Conference in Washington, D.C. adopts Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) worldwide, creating 24 international time zones with longitude zero at the Greenwich meridian.

1926 Boxer J. Gordon Whitehead sucker punches magician Harry Houdini in the stomach in in his dressing room at the Princess Theater in Montreal. The attack started, contributed, or covered-up the appendicitis that would take Houdini's life 9 days later.

1948 First Arab–Israeli War: Israeli Navy sinks Egyptian Navy flagship 'King Farouk' using explosive-laden motorboat in the Mediterranean Sea near Gaza.

1954 West Germany joins North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis: US President John F. Kennedy addresses TV about Russian missile bases in Cuba and imposes a naval blockade on Cuba, beginning the missile crisis.

1983 Two correctional officers are killed by inmates in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspired the Supermax model of prisons.

[Jimbuna]

1917 1st Infantry division "Big Red One" shoots 1st US shot in WW I

1942 German units go through Red October factory in Stalingrad.

1981 US national debt hits $1 trillion.

2001 The Provisional Irish Republican Army of Northern Ireland commences disarmament after peace talks.

[Jimbuna]

1911 Captain Robert Falcon Scott's expedition leaves Cape Evans for South Pole.

1922 Irish Parliament adopts a constitution for an Irish Free State.

1940 Adolf Hitler meets the Head of the French State Marshal Philippe Pétain.

1944 US air raid on Japanese battleships and cruisers in Sibuya Sea: Musashi sinks.

1944 US aircraft carrier Princeton sinks at Philippines.

1944 US Captain David Mccampbell shoots down 9-11 Japanese planes in Gulf of Leyte.

1946 A camera on board the V-2 No. 13 rocket, launched from Whites Sands US, takes the first photograph of earth from outer space.

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviet ships approach but stop short of the US blockade of Cuba.

[Jimbuna]

1415 Battle of Agincourt: Henry V's forces defeat larger French army, and the longbow defeats the armored knight (Azincourt, France)

1854 The infamous "Charge of the Light Brigade" during the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War results in over 100 killed.

1932 Benito Mussolini promises to remain dictator for 30 years.

1962 US Ambassador to the UN Adlai Stevenson demands USSR UN rep Valerian Zorin answer regarding Cuban missile bases saying "I am prepared to wait for my answer until hell freezes over"

1974 US Air Force fires 1st ICBM

2017 Chinese Premier Xi Jinping unveils his new ruling council in the Great Hall of the People, none of the five are young enough to succeed him.

[Jimbuna]

1863 International conference begins in Geneva aimed at improving medical conditions on battlefields - beginning of the Red Cross.

1881 Gunfight at the OK Corral: The most famous shootout in the Wild West occurs, between lawmen (including Wyatt Earp) and the Cowboys, with Tom and Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton killed.

1918 Germany's supreme commander General Eric Ludendorff resigns, protesting the terms to which the German Government has agreed in negotiating an armistice.

1940 The P-51 Mustang makes its maiden flight.

1943 First flight of the Dornier Do 335 "Pfeil".

1951 Winston Churchill re-elected British Prime Minister at the age of 76

1962 Nikita Khrushchev sends note to JFK offering to withdraw his missiles from Cuba if US closes its bases in Turkey. Offer is rejected and JFK warns Russia that the USA will not allow Soviet missiles to remain in Cuba.

1972 Guided tours of the former prison at Alcatraz by the National Park Service begin.

2019 Raid by US Special Forces kills ISIS founder Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in Syria.

[Aktungbby]

1881 Gunfight at the OK Corral: The most famous shootout in the Wild West occurs, between lawmen (including Wyatt Earp) and the Cowboys, with Tom and Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton
..."they go in threes!":oops:

[Jimbuna]

1913 In a speech in Mobile, Alabama, President Woodrow Wilson vows the US will "will never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest"

1914 British battleship Audacious sunk by mine.

1942 US aircraft carrier Hornet sinks off Santa Cruz.

1962 Black Saturday during the Cuban Missile Crisis: An American spy plane is shot down over Cuba and the navy drops warning depth charges on Soviet submarines.

[Jimbuna]

1904 St Louis police try a new investigation method - fingerprints.

1914 German battle cruiser Goeben enters Black Sea.

1922 30, 000 Italian fascists conduct the 'March on Rome', leading to the assumption of power by Benito Mussolini.

1943 German submarine U-220 sunk by US aircraft in the Atlantic.

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis: US President JFK receives letter from Soviet Leader Khrushchev suggesting agreement.

1962 Radio Moscow reports nuclear missiles in Cuba deactivated.

1971 The British Parliament debates the European Communities principle of membership and votes 356 to 244 in favour of joining, requiring a new law to be drafted and a later final vote on joining.

[Aktungbby]

the bones were worth more than the hides https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbvXn2FPEDE

[Jimbuna]

1918 German sailors refuse to obey orders to fight British naval forces and lead a revolt in the naval ports of Wilhelmshaven, beginning the German Revolution.

1932 French liner Normandie is launched.

1940 Secretary of War Henry L Stimson draws the 1st number - #158 - in the 1st peacetime military draft in US history.

1943 Three allied officers escape out camp Stalag Luft 3

1967 London criminal Jack McVitie is murdered by the Kray twins, leading to their eventual imprisonment and downfall.

2015 China announces the end of their one-child policy after 35 years.

[Jimbuna]

1784 Napoléon Bonaparte admitted to the elite École Militaire in Paris, the start of his military career.

1939 German U boat fails on attack of English battleship Nelson with Winston Churchill, Dudley Pound & Charles Forbes aboard.

1939 USSR & Germany agree on partitioning Poland, Adolf Hitler deports Jews.

1944 Anne Frank is deported from Auschwitz to Belsen.

1961 Soviet Party Congress unanimously approves a resolution removing Stalin's body from Lenin's tomb in Red Square as part of de-Stalinization efforts.

1961 Soviet Union tests a 58 megaton hydrogen bomb named Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated.

1973 The Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosporus for the first time.

[Jimbuna]

1815 Cornishman Sir Humphry Davy patents miner's safety lamp.

1917 World War I: Battle of Beersheba in southern Palestine - "last successful cavalry charge in history" performed by the 4th Australian Light Horse.

1918 Spanish Flu kills 21,000 people in the US in a single week.

1940 Battle of Britain, fought between the RAF and Luftwaffe over the English Channel and southern England, ends with a British victory.

1941 Prior to US joining WWII, German submarine U-552 torpedoes US destroyer Reuben James near Iceland.

1942 U-boats sink and damage 120 allied ships this month (659,457 tons)

1943 World War II: F4U Corsair accomplishes the first successful radar-guided interception.

1956 Britain and France join Israeli forces in Egypt and begin to bomb Egypt to reopen Suez Canal.

2011 The world population reaches 7 billion inhabitants according to the United Nations.

[Aktungbby]

2011 The world population reaches 7 billion inhabitants according to the United Nations....:hmmm: that was probably a 'global tipping point' we should have paid more attention to...:oops::damn::nope::dead:

[Jimbuna]

1914 German-British naval battle at Coronel, Chile.

1918 Yugoslav battleship Viribus Unitis sunk by Italians.

1919 British Admiral David Beatty becomes First Sea Lord.

1941 Japanese naval staff offiicers Suzuki & Maejima arrive at Pearl Harbor.

1952 "Ivy Mike", the first thermonuclear weapon to utilize the H-bomb design of Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam, is detonated in the Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean.

[Jimbuna]

1886 German patent granted to inventor Carl Benz for "vehicle with gas engine operation", the first automobile (No. DE37435C)

1914 Great Britain declares the entire North Sea a military area: neutral ships will transit it at their own risk.

1917 Balfour Declaration proclaims support for a Jewish state in Palestine.

1917 In WWI the 1st US soldiers are killed in combat: James Gresham, Thomas Enright and Merle Hay.

1943 Jewish ghetto of Riga in Latvia is destroyed.

1968 A banned march in Derry, North Ireland, by members of the Derry Citizen's Action Committee (DCAC) is joined by thousands; due to the number of people taking part, the Royal Ulster Constabulary is unable to prevent it.

[Jimbuna]

1534 English parliament passes the Act of Supremacy making Henry VIII and all subsequent monarchs the Head of the Church of England.

1906 International Radiotelegraph Conference in Berlin selects "SOS" (· · · – – – · · ·) distress signal as the worldwide standard for help.

1918 Thousands of revolutionary German sailors with the fleet at Kiel mutiny, seize the city, and set up councils of workers and sailors.

1941 Japanese Admiral Osami Nagano presents a complete plan for the attack on Pearl Harbor to Emperor Hirohito.

1957 Soviet Union launches Sputnik 2 with space dog Laika aboard, a mostly-Siberian husky, the 1st animal in space.

[Jimbuna]

1862 American inventor Richard Jordan Gatling patents the hand cranked Gatling machine gun in Indianapolis.

1921 The Sturmabteilung or SA (the "Brown Shirts") is formally established by Adolf Hitler.

1922 Howard Carter rediscovers the intact tomb of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun in Egypt.

1933 Bulgarian communist Georgi Dimitrov defends himself and the ideology of communism against Hermann Goering and his Nazi accusers on charges of setting the Reichstag on fire.

1979 500 Iranian students loyal to Ayatollah Khomeini seize the US Embassy in Tehran, taking 90 hostages for 444 days.

2008 Barack Obama becomes the first African-American to be elected President of the United States, defeating Republican candidate John McCain.

[Jeff-Groves]

1605 - Around midnight on November 4, 1605, one of the conspirators, Guy Fawkes, was discovered in the cellar of the Parliament building with barrels of gunpowder. Fawkes and other men involved in the plot were tried and executed for treason.
Remember, Remember, the 5th of November!
Here's a new twist for the USA.......
Remember Remember the month of November!
When elections use to be real?

[Aktungbby]

...every night in my misanthrope's mancave, I blog; surrounded by cans of black powder-but avoid smoking:/\\x::haha::arrgh!::yep:

[Jimbuna]

1605 Gunpowder Plot: Catholic conspirator Guy Fawkes attempts to blow up King James I and the British Parliament. Plot discovered, Guy Fawkes caught, tortured and later executed along with seven others. Celebrated ever since as Guy Fawkes Day, where his effigy is traditionally burned on a bonfire, accompanied by fireworks.

1937 Adolf Hitler informs his military leaders in a secret meeting of his intentions of going to war.

1941 Japanese naval staff officers Suzuki and Maejima leave Pearl Harbor.

1979 Supreme Leader of Iran Ayatollah Khomeini describes the United States as "The Great Satan" amid accusations of imperialism and the sponsoring of corruption.

[Jimbuna]

1865 American Civil War: CSS Shenandoah is the last Confederate combat unit to surrender after circumnavigating the globe, on its cruise that sank or captured 37 vessels.

1939 World War II: 'Sonderaktion Krakau' - a Nazi operation against academics, with 184 professors arrested in Krakow and deported.

1945 The first landing of a jet on a carrier takes place on USS Wake Island when an FR-1 Fireball touches down.

1950 Chinese offensive halts at Chongchon River, North Korea.

1956 Suez Crisis: British Royal Marines storm Port Said in Egypt amid growing domestic and international opposition to the Anglo-French-Israeli military operation.

1991 The last oil fire in Kuwait set by retreating Iraqi troops is extinguished.

1999 Australians vote to keep the British monarch as their head of state in the Australian republic referendum.

[Jimbuna]

1872 Cargo ship Mary Celeste sails from Staten Island for Genoa; mysteriously found abandoned four weeks later.

2000 Controversial US presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore is inconclusive; the result, in Bush's favor, is eventually resolved by the Supreme Court.

2020 Former Vice-President Joe Biden declared the winner of the US Presidential race, four days after the US election, defeating sitting President Donald Trump.

1917 British capture Gaza, Palestine, from Turks.

1918 United Press erroneously reports WWI armistice had been signed.

1972 Attorney Joe Biden is elected to the US Senate, representing the state of Delaware after defeating longtime incumbent J. Caleb Boggs by just over 3,000 votes; Biden would win re-election 6 times.

[Rockstar]

On this day in 1861, the United States risks war with Great Britain as a boarding party from an American warship removes Confederate diplomats from the Royal Mail Ship Trent. London responds by sending troops to Canada.

https://i.postimg.cc/4dL9Nny8/IMG-3131.jpg

Known as the Trent Affair or alternatively as the Mason & Slidell Affair. President Lincoln later disavowed the actions of USS San Jacinto's Captain Charles Wilkes and released both men to continue their journey to Europe, rather than provoke an irreparable breach with Great Britain.

In 1861 there were still concerns of European intervention in the US Civil War to force some kind of settlement. A fear that would not subside until after the 1862 Emancipation Proclamation when the war became an overt fight to destroy slavery, something Great Britain and fellow European powers could not be seen to be opposing after working to abolish the practice in their own nations and empires in the preceding decades.

[Jimbuna]

1900 British naval officer David Beatty takes part in the successful relief of the naval brigade at Tientsin during the Boxer Rebellion and is promoted to captain.

1915 An Austrian-Hungarian submarine torpedoes and sinks the Italian liner 'Ancona' without warning, killing over 200 people.

1923 Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party stage "Beer Hall Putsch" in Munich, Germany.

1939 Failed assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler in Burgerbraukeller, Munich.

1940 RAF bombs Munich, Adolf Hitler promises "an attack on the capital of the Nazi movement would not go unpunished"

1950 A US aircraft shoots down a North Korean jet in the Korean War, the first jet-to-jet dogfight in history.

1974 British peer the Earl of Lucan disappears and is never seen again after his nanny is found murdered in London.

2002 Iraq disarmament crisis: UN Security Council under Resolution 1441 unanimously approves a resolution on Iraq, forcing Saddam Hussein to disarm or face "serious consequences"

2016 Republican Donald Trump is elected 45th President of the United States of America, defeating Democrat Hillary Clinton, with an Electoral College victory of 304- 227; Clinton received just under 2.9 million more popular votes.

[Jimbuna]

1620 After a month of delays off the English coast and about two months at sea, the Mayflower spots land (Cape Cod)

1799 Napoleon Bonaparte pulls off a coup and becomes the dictator of France under the title of First Consul.

1888 Jack Ripper's 5th and probably last victim, Mary Jane Kelly, found on her bed.

1918 Emperor Wilhelm II abdicates after German defeat in World War I

1923 Beer Hall Putsch's second day in Munich; Nazis fail to overthrow government, 16 die and Adolf Hitler flees.

1925 German NSDAP (Nazi party) forms Schutzstaffel (SS)

2020 Drugmakers BioNTech and Pfizer announce their COVID-19 vaccine to be over 90% effective in a first look at the results from their phase 3 trial involving nearly 44,000 people.

[Jimbuna]

1918 Western Union Cable Office in North Sydney, Nova Scotia receives a top-secret coded message from Europe stating on November 11, 1918 all fighting would cease on land, sea and in the air.

1938 Second day of Kristallnacht: pogrom against the Jews in Germany and Austria after assassination of a German diplomat in Paris.

1989 Germans begin demolishing the Berlin Wall.

[Jimbuna]

1918 WWI armistice signed by the Allies and Germany comes into effect and World War I hostilities end at 11am, "the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month"

1937 German aircraft Messerschmidt ME-109V13 flies a new world air speed record for landplanes with piston engines of 610.95 km/h (379.62 mph)

1940 British Fleet Air Arm attack destroys half of Italian fleet at Taranto.

1942 British led Allied forces defeat Erwin Rommel's German and Italian Army Panzers in Second Battle of El-Alamein, North Africa, helping to secure the Suez Canal.

1961 City of Stalingrad renamed Volgograd.

2004 Yasser Arafat's death through unidentified causes confirmed by Palestine Liberation Organization, Mahmoud Abbas elected PLO chairman minutes later.

[Jimbuna]

1912 British explorer Robert Falcon Scott's diary & body found in Antarctica.

1923 In Germany, Adolf Hitler is arrested for attempt to seize power during "Beer Hall Putsch" coup.

1938 Hermann Goering announces he wants Madagascar as a Jewish homeland.

1944 RAF sinks German battleship Tirpitz at Tromso Fjord, Norway.

1948 Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo sentenced to death by war crimes tribunal.

1966 Buzz Aldrin takes the first 'space selfie', a photo of himself performing extravehicular activity in space during the Gemini program.

1990 The World Wide Web is first proposed by CERN computer scientists Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau.

[Jimbuna]

1941 U-81 torpedoes British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal near Gibraltar.

1986 US President Reagan confesses weapon sales to Iran.

2018 Trial of Mexican drug lord Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán begins in New York, he is charged with drug trafficking, money laundering, and murder.

[Jimbuna]

1940 German planes destroy most of Coventry, England.

1941 British aircraft carrier Ark Royal sank in Mediterranean, having been torpedoed by a German submarine the day before.

1942 Last Vichy-French troops in Algeria surrender.

1960 Belgium threatens to leave UN due to criticism on its policy on Congo.

1965 US government sends 90,000 soldiers to Vietnam.

1983 First cruise missile placed at Greenham Common, England.

1991 American and British authorities announce indictments against two Libyan intelligence officials for the downing of Pan Am Flight 103

1994 1st public trains run through the Channel Tunnel linking England and France under the English Channel.

[Jimbuna]

1492 Christopher Columbus notes 1st recorded reference to tobacco.

1720 Pirates Anne Bonny, Mary Read and Calico Jack are captured by Capt. Jonathan Barnet and brought to the Spanish Town of Jamaica, for trial.

1898 British naval officer David Beatty promoted to commander after Sudan Campaign.

1899 Morning Post reporter Winston Churchill captured by Boers in Natal.

1904 King C. Gillette patents the Gillette razor blade.

1916 Canadian pilot William George Barker flying over Ancre River, spots concentration of German troops massing for counter-attack on Beaumont Hamel, sends emergency Zone Call to break up German infantry apart. Barker later receives Military Cross.

1942 First flight of the Heinkel He 219.

1967 The only fatality of the X-15 program occurs during the 191st flight when Air Force test pilot Michael J. Adams loses control of his aircraft descending from 81km, causing its mid air destruction over the Mojave Desert.

[Jimbuna]

1581 Tsar Ivan the Terrible attacks his son and heir, Ivan Ivanovich, with a scepter after an argument leading to the latter's death three days later.

1939 Al Capone freed from Alcatraz jail.

1940 World War II: In response to Germany's leveling of Coventry, England two days before, the Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg.

1960 U.S. marshals escort four six-year-old African-American girls to previously all-white public schools in New Orleans, in response to death threats against the girls and race riots.

1970 Two men are shot dead by the Irish Republican Army (IRA)

1995 Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother undergoes hip surgery.

1998 Monica Lewinsky signs a deal for the North American rights to a book about her affair with US President Clinton.

[Jimbuna]

1869 Suez Canal in Egypt opens, linking Mediterranean and Red seas.

1922 The last sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, is expelled to Malta on a British warship.

1951 Britain reports development of the world's first nuclear-powered heating system.

1970 Douglas Engelbart receives the patent for the first computer mouse.

[Jimbuna]

1745 Bonnie Prince Charlie's Jacobite army occupy Carlisle during its invasion of England.

1902 Brooklyn toymaker Morris Michton names the teddy bear after US President Teddy Roosevelt.

1916 British General Douglas Haig finally calls off the 1st Battle of the Somme in World War I after more than 1 million soldiers had been killed or wounded.

1918 Belgian troops re-enter Brussels, lost to the German invaders on 20 August 1914

1939 The Irish Republican Army explodes three bombs in Piccadilly Circus.

1943 U-211 sinks in Atlantic Ocean.

1966 US Roman Catholic bishops ends rules against eating meat on Fridays.

1971 A British soldier is shot dead by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in Belfast.

1983 Argentina announces its ability to produce enriched uranium for nuclear weapons.

[Jimbuna]

1581 Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich dies after being attacked by his father Ivan the Terrible three days earlier.

1620 The Mayflower reaches Cape Cod and explores the coast.

1863 US President Abraham Lincoln delivers his Gettysburg address beginning; "Four score and seven years ago..."

1919 US Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles by a vote of 55 to 39; Congress two years later approves resolution ending hostilities with Germany and Austria-Hungary.

1942 Operation Uranus: Soviet offensive begins during Battle of Stalingrad, 1 million Soviet soldiers encircle the German Sixth Army.

1943 U-536 sinks in Atlantic Ocean.

1950 US General Eisenhower becomes supreme commander of NATO-Europe.

1969 Apollo 12's Charles Conrad and Alan Bean become the 3rd and 4th humans on the Moon.

[Jimbuna]

1815 Second Treaty of Paris: France and her allies agree France will pay indemnities after Battle of Waterloo, ending the Napoleonic Wars.

1820 Whaling ship Essex attacked and sunk by a sperm whale in the southern Pacific, only eight of the 20 crew men eventually survive (through cannibalism). Inspiration for the novel "Moby-Dick"

1917 1st successful tank use in battle, at the Battle of Cambrai in World War I as Britain uses the new technology to break through German lines.

1917 Ukrainian Republic declared.

1941 Adm Nomura & Kurusu hands over Japanese last diplomatic note.

1941 German "auxiliary cruiser" (armed merchant raider) Kormoran sinks near Australia.

1943 U-538 sinks in Atlantic Ocean.

1945 The Nuremberg war trials begin as 24 Nazi leaders are put on trial before judges representing the victorious Allied powers.

1990 British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher fails to defeat Michael Heseltine's bid for leadership of the Conservative Party.

1995 Diana, Princess of Wales, admits she cheated on Prince Charles in a TV interview.

1998 Court in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan declares accused terrorist Osama bin Laden "a man without a sin" in regard to the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania.

[Jimbuna]

1806 The Continental System declared in the Decree of Berlin: Emperor Napoleon I bans all trade with Britain.

1818 Russia's Tsar Alexander I petitions for a Jewish state in Palestine.

1916 HMHS Britannic sinks in the Aegean Sea after a mine explodes, killing 30 people.

1918 The German High Seas Fleet of 5 battlecruisers, 9 battleships, 7 cruisers and 49 destroyers surrendered to the British Grand Fleet and were shepherded into the Firth of Forth.

1942 Adolf Hitler names field marshal Erich von Manstein commander of the newly-created Army Group Don (Heeresgruppe Don)

1963 US President John F. Kennedy flies to Texas (assassinated the next day)

1967 Vietnam War: American General William Westmoreland tells news reporters: "I am absolutely certain that whereas in 1965 the enemy was winning, today he is certainly losing."

2002 NATO invites Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia to become members.

[Dargo]

Ukraine marks 10-year anniversary of Maidan ‘Revolution of Dignity’ Ukraine’s pro-democracy, pro-Europe demonstrations in Maidan square a decade ago marked the “first victory” in its war with Russia Nearly 100 civilians died in violent clashes with security forces when Ukrainians took to the streets of the capital in 2013, demanding to move Ukraine out of the orbit of Vladimir Putin’s Russia and “join” the family of European democracies to which it “historically belongs”.

[Jimbuna]

1941 British cruiser Devonshire sinks German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis.

1942 Adolf Hitler orders Rommel's Africa Korps to fight to the last man.

1963 US President John F. Kennedy assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald while riding in an open-topped motorcade in Dallas, Texas.

2005 Angela Merkel becomes the first female Chancellor of Germany.

[Rockstar]

On this day in 1922 a great American and legendary firearms designer, Eugene Stoner, was born in Gosport Indiana.

https://i.postimg.cc/QtdH6RgR/IMG-3181.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1942 Chinese steward Poon Lim begins 133 days adrift after British ship SS Benlomond is torpedoed by a German U-boat, leaving him as the sole survivor.

1942 German 4th & 6th Army surrounded at Stalingrad.

1945 Most US wartime rationing of foods, including meat & butter, ends.

1963 Following the protocol after Abraham Lincoln's death, JFK's body lies in repose in the East Room of the White House and viewed by officials and heads of state.

1963 LBJ proclaims Nov 25 a day of national mourning after the assassination of JFK

[Jimbuna]

1914 Benito Mussolini leaves Italy's Socialist Party.

1922 Italian parliament gives Benito Mussolini dictatorial powers "for 1 year"

1940 The Blitz: Luftwaffe bombs Bristol city centre, killing 200 people in the first German raid on the city.

1944 US bombers based on Saipan begin 1st attack on Tokyo.

1954 Air Force One, 1st US Presidential airplane, christened.

1971 A British Army bomb-disposal specialist is killed by a bomb in Lurgan, County Armagh.

1971 A woman is killed after members of the Irish Republican Army carry out an attack on British soldiers in Strabane, County Tyrone.

1979 Senate report proves US troops in Vietnam were exposed to the toxic chemical defoliant Agent Orange.

1983 PLO exchanges 6 Israeli prisoners for 4,500 Palestinians & Lebanese.

1993 11 year old Robert Thompson and Jon Venables are convicted of the murder of English 2 year old James Bulger.

[Jimbuna]

1783 Britain evacuates New York city, its last military position in the United States.

1913 The Irish Volunteers founded in Dublin to "secure the rights and liberties common to all the people of Ireland"

1922 Crown Prince Hirohito of Japan becomes Regent of Japan in his ailing father's stead.

1940 First flights of the de Havilland Mosquito and Martin B-26 Marauder.

1943 U-600 sinks in Atlantic Ocean.

1944 World War II: A German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworth's store in Deptford, United Kingdom, killing 160 shoppers.

1948 16-inch coastal guns removed from Fort Funston, San Francisco.

1957 US President Dwight Eisenhower suffers a mild stroke, impairing his speech.

1963 JFK laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery.

1974 Irish Republican Army is outlawed in Britain following deaths of 21

1975 A loyalist gang nicknamed the "Shankill Butchers" undertakes its first "cut-throat killing"; the gang was named for its late-night kidnapping, torture and murder (by throat slashing) of random Catholic civilians in Belfast.

[Jimbuna]

1778 British explorer Captain James Cook is the first European to visit Maui in the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii)

1789 1st national Thanksgiving in America.

1914 Battleship HMS Bulwark explodes at Sheerness Harbour, England, 788 die.

1922 English archaeologist Howard Carter opens Tutankhamun's virtually intact tomb in Egypt.

1941 Japanese naval carrier force left its base & moves east toward Pearl Harbour.

1944 Heinrich Himmler orders destruction of Auschwitz & Birkenau crematoria.

1950 China enters Korean conflict, sends troops across Yalu River.

1983 World's greatest robbery; 26 million pounds (sterling) worth of gold, diamonds and cash stolen from Brink's-Mat warehouse at Heathrow Airport, England.

[Jimbuna]

1807 Portuguese Royal Family and its court of nearly 15,000 people leave Lisbon for their colony of Brazil to escape invading Napoleonic troops.

1895 Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel's will establishes the Nobel Prize.

1942 French navy at Toulon scuttles ships & subs so Nazis cannot seize them.

1944 4,000 shells detonate in RAF arms depot at Fauld, near Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire; village of Hanbury destroyed, at least 70 people killed.

1945 Trial against Dutch Fascist NSB leader Anton Mussert begins (later convicted and executed by firing squad)

1967 French President Charles de Gaulle said 'Non!' to British entry to the European Common Market for the second time.

1971 Two Customs officials are shot by an Irish Republican Army sniper firing upon a British Army patrol investigating a bomb attack on a Customs Post near Newry, County Armagh.

1975 The Provisional IRA assassinates Ross McWhirter, after a press conference in which McWhirter announced a reward for the capture of those responsible for multiple bombings and shootings across England.

[Jimbuna]

1893 Women vote in a national election for the first time, in the New Zealand general election.

1918 Kaiser Wilhelm II of Prussia & Germany abdicates.

1919 American-born Lady Nancy Astor elected as the 1st female member of the British House of Commons.

1934 Winston Churchill tells British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin not to under estimate German air power.

1943 Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin meet at the Tehran Conference in Iran to map out strategy.

1946 Dutch Nazi Anton Mussert sentenced to death.

1972 2 members of the IRA are killed in a premature bomb explosion in the Bogside area of Derry.

1994 Norway votes against joining European Union.

[Jimbuna]

1951 1st underground atomic explosion at Frenchman Flat in Nevada.

1812 Napoleon's Grand Army crosses Berezina River in retreat from Russia.

1900 General Horatio Kitchener assumes command of the British forces in South Africa from General Lord Roberts.

1917 A Supreme Allied War Council meets at Versailles to define war aims.

1941 Passenger ship Lurline sends radio signal of sighting Japanese war fleet.

1943 U-86 sinks in Atlantic Ocean.

1943 US aircraft carrier Hornet launched.

1947 Anti-Jewish riots in Aleppo erupt after UN votes to partition Palestine, with cost of 75 lives and the disappearance of medieval manuscript the Aleppo Codex.

1947 UN General Assembly vote to allow the partition of Palestine between Arabs & Jews.

1962 Great Britain & France decide to jointly build the Concorde supersonic airliner.

[Jimbuna]

1900 A German engineer patents front-wheel drive for automobiles.

1922 1st speed test of 1st genuine Japanese aircraft carrier Hosho.

1922 Adolf Hitler speaks to 50,000 national-socialists in Munich, Germany.

1924 French and Belgium troops withdrawn from their occupation of the Ruhr.

1939 Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim appointed Commander-in-Chief of all Finnish armed services as Soviet forces invade.

1941 Japanese Emperor Hirohito consults with admirals Shimada and Nagano.

1942 German supply vessel Uckermark (formerly called the Altmark) explodes & sinks off Yokohama.

1942 U-boats sink and damage 142 allied ships this month (877,774 tons)

1944 Biggest & last British battleship HMS Vanguard launched.

1958 1st US guided missile destroyer launched - the Dewey at Bath Iron Works, Maine.

1967 British troops leave Aden and the rest of the Federation of South Arabia (FSA) ending British colonial rule; National Liberation Front (NLF) assumes power and renames the state as the People's Republic of South Yemen.

1982 US submarine Thomas Edison collides with US Navy destroyer in South China Sea.

[Dargo]

On 30 November 1939 Soviet Union attacked Finland (Winter War), three months after the outbreak of World War II, and ended three and a half months later with the Moscow Peace Treaty on 13 March 1940. Despite superior military strength, especially in tanks and aircraft, the Soviet Union suffered severe losses and initially made little headway. Journalist Martha Gallhorn covered the Winter War between the Soviet Union and Finland for the American media. According to her reports, nothing has changed in the Russians' propaganda and warfare in 84 years.
"Moscow radio told them that the Finns were brothers, and that it was not the real Finnish people who were fighting against the USSR, but only a bunch of conspirators who had organized a diabolical fraud. The entire city of Helsinki laughed at these statements. Less than one percent of Finns are illiterate, and people have access to information, they believe Russian bombs, not Russian propaganda."
"Here, as everywhere else, I heard the same story about the Russian infantry: the Russians went on the offensive all together, in a column, and the Finns, who were hidden and dispersed, slaughtered them with machine-gun fire. And here, as elsewhere, I heard soldiers and officers regretting that other men should die so stupidly and uselessly, like animals in a slaughterhouse. ."
"The captives answered questions trembling and repeated what everyone else was saying. They were told that Finland had attacked them and so they were fighting to save Russia."

[Jimbuna]

1913 Ford Motor Company institutes world's 1st moving assembly line for the Model T Ford.

1915 The US requests that Germany withdraw its military and naval attaches from the Embassy in Washington.

1919 Lady Nancy Astor sworn-in as 1st female member of British Parliament.

1934 Leningrad mayor Sergey Kirov is assassinated, Joseph Stalin uses it as an excuse to begin his Great Purge of 1934-38

1939 SS-Fuhrer Himmler begins deportation of Polish Jews.

1941 British cruiser HMS Dorsetshire forces crew of German submarine supply ship MV Python to scuttle vessel in the South Atlantic 1,150 miles west of South Africa.

1941 Japanese Emperor Hirohito signs declaration of war.

1943 At the end of the Tehran Conference, the Big Three (Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt) agree that the invasion of Normandy should take place in May 1944

1955 Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to move to the back of a bus and give her seat to a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama.

1990 British and French workers meet in the middle of the Channel Tunnel under the English Channel.

[Jimbuna]

1938 The first 'Kindertransport' carrying Jewish refugee children from Nazi Germany arrives in Britain.

1941 Japanese Marshal Admiral Yamamoto sends his fleet to Pearl Harbour.

1941 US Naval Intelligence ceases bugging Japanese consul.

1976 Communist revolutionary Fidel Castro becomes President of Cuba, replacing Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado.

[Dargo]

1804 At Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, Napoleon Bonaparte crowns himself Emperor of the French.

[Jimbuna]

1917 The Supreme Allied War Council, meeting at Versailles to define war aim, fails to reach an agreement.

1943 World War II: Battle of Monte Cassino, Italy begins.

1944 Britain's Home Guard ('Dad's Army') is officially stood down at a special farewell parade in Hyde Park, London.

1948 Chinese refugee ship "Kiangya" explodes in East China Sea killing 1,100

1953 US President Dwight Eisenhower criticizes Wisconsin Senator Joe McCarthy for saying communists are in the Republican Party.

1967 First human heart transplant performed in South Africa by Dr. Christiaan Barnard on Louis Washkansky.

1984 Bhopal disaster: A Union Carbide pesticide plant leaks 45 tons of methyl isocyanate and other toxic compounds in Bhopal, India, officially killing 2,259 - other estimates are as high as 16,000 (including later deaths) and over half a million injured.

1989 Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and US President George H. W. Bush, declare the Cold War over.

[Jimbuna]

1619 38 colonists from Berkeley Parish, England disembark in Virginia and give thanks to God. Considered by many The First Thanksgiving in the Americas.

1791 Britain's "The Observer" is first published, the oldest Sunday newspaper in the world.

1918 US President Woodrow Wilson sails for Versailles Peace Conference in France.

1942 US bombers strike Italian mainland for first time in WW II

1948 SS Kiangya hits mine in Whangpoo River, China, sinks killing 2,750

[Jimbuna]

1848 US President James K. Polk triggers gold rush of 1849 by confirming a gold discovery in California.

1872 Ship the Mary Celeste is discovered mysteriously abandoned by her crew in the Atlantic Ocean.

1941 US aircraft carrier Lexington and 5 heavy cruisers leave Pearl Harbour.

1945 Flight 19 the "Lost Squadron" of 5 torpedo bombers and 14 airmen is lost east of Florida in the supposed Bermuda Triangle.

1958 Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) is inaugurated in the UK by Queen Elizabeth II when she speaks to the Lord Provost in a call from Bristol to Edinburgh.

[Dargo]

1998, Ukraine and the US signed an agreement to eliminate Ukraine's 44 heavy bombers and 1,068 X-55 cruise missiles.

[Jimbuna]

1240 Mongols led by Batu Khan occupy and destroy Kyiv after an 8 day siege; out of 50,000 people in the city only 2,000 survive.

1917 French munition ship SS Mont Blanc collides with Norwegian SS Imo in Halifax harbour, Canada, resulting explosion kills at least 1,700 and injures more than 9,000 people - world’s largest pre-atomic explosion.

1941 Dutch & British pilots see Japanese invasion fleet at Singapore.

1973 Gerald Ford sworn-in as first unelected Vice President, succeeds Spiro Agnew who resigned over corruption allegations.

1975 Balcombe Street Siege: for 6 days, four Provisional Irish Republican Army volunteers hold two hostages at an apartment in London, England.

[Jimbuna]

1917 The USA's 42nd 'Rainbow' Division arrives in France (with Colonel Douglass MacArthur among its ranks)

1941 1st Japanese midget submarine (No. 20) attacked by a US ship (USS Ward)

1941 Imperial Japanese Navy attacks US Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii; 18 sailors killed, 33 of 36 patrol planes destroyed or damaged, 1st Japanese aircraft shot down in action.

1941 Imperial Japanese Navy with 353 planes attack the US fleet at Pearl Harbour Naval Base, Hawaii, killing 2,403 people.

1988 PLO delegation lead by Yasser Arafat proclaims the State of Palestine, recognizing the existence of the State of Israel for the first time.

2022 After widespread public protests China announces a major loosening of COVID-19 restrictions for the whole country, allowing home quarantine and scrapping QR codes, effectively ending China's zero-COVID policy.

[Jimbuna]

1915 John McCrae's poem "In Flanders Fields" appears anonymously in "Punch" magazine.

1941 US and Britain declare war on Japan, US enters World War II

1941 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivers his famous "Day of Infamy" speech to a joint session of Congress a day after the bombing of Pearl Harbour.

1966 US and USSR sign treaty to prohibit nuclear weapons in outer space.

1987 US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty eliminating medium range nuclear missiles.

[Jimbuna]

1783 First execution at Newgate Jail in London (now the site of the Central Criminal Court aka the Old Bailey), relocated from Tyburn (now the site of Marble Arch)

1941 Adolf Hitler orders US ships and those loyal to her to be torpedoed - 3 days before declaring war on the US

1992 US Marines and allied nations launch an amphibious and airborne operation in Mogadishu, Somalia to restore order to the war-torn nation. Authorized by UN Security Council Resolution 794 passed on December 3.

[Jimbuna]

1926 2nd part of Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf published.

1936 Edward VIII signs Instrument of Abdication, giving up the British throne to marry American divorcee Wallis Simpson.

1941 British battleship Prince of Wales and battlecruiser Repulse (Force Z) sunk following Japanese aerial attacks off Malaya. 840 men die.

1942 An early report of the Holocaust prepared by the Polish government-in-exile, using information obtained by Witold Pilecki, is addressed to UN member states.

1978 Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat accept the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo for negotiating peace between Egypt and Israel.

[Jimbuna]

1620 Mayflower Pilgrims come ashore in Plymouth Bay, traditionally thought to be at Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts [NS: Dec 21]

1913 "Mona Lisa" recovered two years after it was stolen from the Louvre Museum.

1941 Japanese attack Wake Island (only failed WW II-landing)

1971 A bomb explodes outside a furniture showroom on the mainly-Protestant and loyalist Shankill Road, Belfast; four civilians (including two babies) were killed and nineteen wounded.

1997 Delegates from 150 industrial nations attending a UN climate conference in Kyoto, Japan, reach agreement to control heat-trapping greenhouse gases.

[Jimbuna]

1901 Guglielmo Marconi sends the first transatlantic radio signal, from Poldhu in Cornwall to Newfoundland, Canada.

1915 1st all-metal aircraft (Junkers J-1) test flown at Dessau, Germany.

1945 Special Court of justice convicts Dutch Nazi leader Mussert to death.

1946 The United Nations accepts six Manhattan blocks as a gift from John D. Rockefeller Jr.

1961 Nazi German army officer Adolf Eichmann is found guilty of war crimes in Israel.

2000 US Supreme Court releases its 5-4 decision in Bush v. Gore, settling the recount dispute in Florida's 2000 presidential election in George W. Bush's favor and thus handing him the presidency over Al Gore.

2019 British General Election won by Boris Johnson's Conservative Party in landslide win with 80 seat majority. Scottish National Party also wins 48 of 59 seats in Scotland.

[Jimbuna]

1577 Francis Drake sets sail from England on an epic three year circumnavigation of the world aboard the 'Pelican' (later renamed the 'Golden Hind')

1636 The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. Recognized today as the founding of the United States National Guard.

1939 Battle of the River Plate - 3 British cruisers vs German pocket battleship Graf Spee.

1944 Japanese kamikaze crashes into US cruiser Nashville, kills 138

1961 Gideon Hausner in Jerusalem demands death penalty for Adolf Eichmann.

2003 Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein is captured near his home town of Tikrit, during Operation Red Dawn by US forces.

[Jimbuna]

1812 The French invasion of Russia, led by Napoleon Bonaparte, officially ends with the French having lost as many as 530,000 people.

1911 Norwegian Roald Amundsen's Antarctic expedition is the 1st to reach the South Pole.

1918 Sinn Féin candidates win 73 of 105 Irish seats in UK general election, though all will refuse to take seats in Westminster, instead meeting at a Dail Eireann in Dublin.

1941 Premier Winston Churchill travels to US on board HMS Duke of York.

1941 U-557 torpedoes British cruiser Galatea.

1952 UN Troops kill 82 North Korean POWs during a prison camp riot in Pongam-do, South Korea.

1967 DNA created in a test tube.

1977 Dutch war criminal Pieter Menten sentenced in Amsterdam to 15 years.

[Jimbuna]

1840 Napoleon Bonaparte receives a French state funeral in Paris 19 years after his death.

1941 German submarine U-127 sinks.

1941 USS Swordfish becomes 1st US sub to sink a Japanese ship.

1944 American bandleader Major Glenn Miller, lost over the English Channel.

1944 Hizbu'allah (Arm forces for Allah) forms.

1944 US Congress gives General Eisenhower his 5th star.

1961 Adolf Eichmann is sentenced to death for war crimes in Israel.

1973 American Psychiatric Association declares homosexuality is not a mental illness.

[Jimbuna]

1773 Boston Tea Party incident - Sons of Liberty protesters throw tea shipments into Boston harbor in protest against British imposed Tea Act.

1907 As a gesture of the US's new presence as a world power, President Theodore Roosevelt sends the 'Great White Fleet' on a round-the-world cruise, visiting ports internationally.

1914 German warships fire more than 500 shells on northern English towns of Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool - 1st time English civilians targeted during the war - kill 137 people.

1944 Nazi Germany launches a counteroffensive against the Allies in the Ardennes region of Belgium, beginning the 'Battle of the Bulge'

[bweiss]

1864 - Union troops devastate Confederate forces at Nashville, Tennessee.

1914 Imperial German Navy raids British ports of Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby.

1942 The Soviet 3rd Guards Army, reinforced by the 17th and 25th Tank Corps, commence the Tatsinskaya Raid to threaten relief efforts for the German Sixth Army in Stalingrad.

1968 The American-British musical-fantasy film "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang", opens at the Odeon Leicester Square theater, London.

1994 Davy Jones, former lead singer of, "The Monkees", charged with DWI after being stopped on a central Pennsylvania road.

[Jimbuna]

1900 First prize of 100,000 francs offered for communications with extraterrestrials. Martians excluded-considered too easy.

1903 The Wright brothers make the first sustained motorized aircraft flight at 10:35 AM, piloted by Orville Wright at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

1914 Jews are expelled from Tel Aviv by Turkish authorities.

1918 A conference of workers' and soldiers' councils take control of German government in Berlin, until elections in January selects new national assembly.

1969 USAF closes Project Blue Book, concluding no evidence of extraterrestrial spaceships behind thousands of UFO sightings.

1986 Davina Thompson makes medical history by having the 1st heart, lung and liver transplant at Papworth Hospital in Cambridge, England.

[Jimbuna]

1916 Battle of Verdun, longest of World War I, officially ends in German defeat after nine months of fighting and almost 1 million total casualties.

1941 44 surviving crewmen of German U-434 surrender to the HMS Blankney after scuttling their wounded submarine. Two are lost.

1944 US Destroyers Hull, Spence & Monaghan sink in typhoon (Philippines)

1971 Three members of the Irish Republican Army die when the bomb they were transporting explodes prematurely in King Street, Magherafelt, County Derry.

2019 US House of Representatives votes to impeach President Donald Trump for abuse of power (230-197) and obstruction of Congress (229-198)

[Jimbuna]

1783 William Pitt the Younger becomes the youngest ever British Prime Minister at age 24

1932 British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) begins transmitting overseas.

1941 Adolf Hitler takes complete command of German Army.

1941 German submarine U-574 sinks.

1949 Luxury passenger ship Aquitania demolished in Gareloch, Scotland.

1950 General Eisenhower named NATO commander.

1958 First radio broadcast from space, US President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends a Christmas message "to all mankind, America's wish for peace on Earth and goodwill to men everywhere"

1960 Fire aboard USS Constellation, under construction at Brooklyn (50 die)

1975 The Red Hand Commandos, a very secretive Ulster loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland, explode a no-warning car bomb in Dundalk, killing 2 civilians and wounding 20

1984 Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher sign the Sino-British Joint Declaration to transfer Hong Kong back to China in 1997

[Jimbuna]

1917 Soviet state security force and forerunner to the KGB, the Cheka forms, under Felix Dzerzhinsky after decree by Vladimir Lenin.

1924 Adolf Hitler freed from jail early, having served only nine months of five-year sentence for "Beer Hall Putsch"

1944 Battle of Bastogne: Nazis surround 101st Airborne (NUTS!)

1957 Elvis Presley receives his draft notice to join the US Army for national service.

1960 Auschwitz commandant Richard Bar arrested in German FR

1963 Berlin Wall opens for first time to West Berliners.

[Jimbuna]

1872 Phileas Fogg completes his round the world trip in 80 days, in Jules Verne's "Around the World in Eighty Days"

1925 "Battleship Potemkin", Soviet silent film directed by Sergei Eisenstein, starring Aleksandr Antonov, Vladimir Barksy and Grigori Aleksandrov, premieres in Moscow.

1939 Adolf Hitler names Adolf Eichmann leader of "Referat IV B", responsible for evictions and Jewish immigration.

1941 German submarine U-567 sinks.

1971 A publican is killed as he tried to remove a bomb from his pub, Northern Ireland.

1988 Lockerbie disaster: A terrorist bomb destroys Pan Am Flight 103 mid-air, over Scotland; killing all 259 passengers and crew on board, and 11 people on the ground.

1991 Soviet Union formally dissolves as 11 of 12 republics sign treaty forming the Commonwealth of Independent States.

[Aktungbby]

1913: the first newspaper crossword puzzle, billed as "Word Cross Puzzle" is published in the New York World.

[Jimbuna]

1894 French officer Alfred Dreyfus court-martialed for treason, triggers worldwide charges of anti-Semitism (Dreyfus later vindicated)

1942 World War II: Adolf Hitler signs the order to develop the V-2 rocket as a weapon.

1944 Germans demand surrender of American troops at Bastogne, Belgium.

1944 Sub Swordfish departs Pearl Harbor for Japan.

1963 Official 30-day mourning period for President John F. Kennedy ends.

1964 First flight of the US aircraft Lockheed SR-71, reaches 3,530 kph (record for a jet)

1970 Treblinka SS commander Franz Stangl sentenced to life imprisonment.

1974 Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb home of former UK Prime Minister, Edward Heath, just before announcing Christmas ceasefire (no-one injured)

1989 After 23 years of dictatorial rule, Romania ousts Communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu.

2010 Repeal of the "Don't Ask Don't Tell policy", a 17-year-old policy banning homosexuals serving openly in the US military, signed into law by President Barack Obama.

[Jimbuna]

1888 Vincent van Gogh cuts off his left ear with a razor, after argument with fellow painter Paul Gauguin, and sends to a female courtesan for safe keeping.

1920 Government of Ireland Act / Home Rule Act passed partitioning Ireland.

1933 Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe sentenced to death for setting the German Reichstag on fire.

1941 American forces on Wake Island surrender to Japanese.

1943 General Bernard Montgomery told he is appointed commandant for D-day.

1962 Cuba starts returning US prisoners from Bay of Pigs invasion.

1968 82 members of US intelligence ship Pueblo released by North Korea.

[Jimbuna]

1814 Treaty of Ghent signed, ending the War of 1812 between the United States, the United Kingdom and their allies.

1939 World War II: Pope Pius XII makes a Christmas Eve appeal for peace.

1941 First ships of admiral Nagumo's Pearl Harbor fleet return to Japan.

1942 First powered flight of V-1 'buzz bomb', Peenemunde, Germany.

1943 US President FDR appoints General Eisenhower Supreme Commander of the Allied forces.

1946 US General MacNarney gives 800,000 "minor Nazis" amnesty.

[Jimbuna]

1932 Emperor Hirohito of Japan narrowly evades an assassination attempt by a Korean independence activist, Lee Bong-chang.

1943 German warship "Scharnhorst" sinks in Barents Sea.

1943 Montgomery discusses Operation Overlord (D-day landings) with Eisenhower & Bedell Smith.

1996 Taliban forces retake the strategic Bagram air base which solidifies their buffer zone around Kabul.

2001 The People's Republic of China is granted permanent normal trade relations with the United States.

[Aktungbby]

2012: Russias premier, Vladimir Putin, signed a law banning Americans from adopting Russian children. :hmmm:... considering his kidnapping/removal of Ukrainian children during the present hostilities, methinks a 'double standard" is in effect?

[Jimbuna]

1496 Leonardo da Vinci unsuccessfully tests a flying machine.

1833 Britain seizes control of Falkland Islands in South Atlantic.

1944 World War II: Top US flying ace Major Pappy Boyington shot down in his Corsair by Japanese Captain Masajiro Kawato flying a Zero (survives as POW)

1977 Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs incorporate Apple Computer, Inc.

[Jimbuna]

1847 Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the United States government.

1939 Hermann Goering appoints Reinhard Heydrich head of Jewish Emigration.

1944 Operation Carpetbagger begins (aerial dropping of supplies and weapons to resistance fighters in Europe)

1945 US jeep-aircraft carrier Ommaney Bay sinks after Japanese kamikaze attack.

1951 Korean War: Chinese forces recapture Seoul.

1961 Longest recorded strike ends as the Danish barbers' assistants end a 33 year strike.

1981 British police arrest Peter Sutcliffe, the "Yorkshire Ripper"

2021 1st Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines given to the general public with 82 year old Brian Pinker in the UK first to be jabbed.

[Jimbuna]

1895 French Captain Alfred Dreyfus, convicted of treason, publicly stripped of his rank; later exonerated.

1919 German Workers' Party forms, precursor to the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi)

1933 Work on Golden Gate Bridge begins, starting on the Marin County side.

1971 Globetrotters lose 100-99 to NJ Reds, ending 2,495-game winning streak.

1981 Peter Sutcliffe, a truck driver confesses that he is the "Yorkshire Ripper" and murdered 13 women.

[Aktungbby]

1933 Work on Golden Gate Bridge begins, starting on the Marin County side.

91 years ago!...and a slightly impeded view of the Marin County side: https://www.subsim.com/radioroom/picture.php?albumid=815&pictureid=10272with latest anti-jump nets in place as of this week to deter suicide jumpers:https://mediaproxy.salon.com/width/1200/https://media.salon.com/2022/07/suicide-prevention-1286792223.jpg https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/GettyImages-1823585671.jpg https://www.kqed.org/news/11971560/san-francisco-finally-installs-suicide-prevention-nets-on-golden-gate-bridge In 2008, bridge officials began exploring the idea of installing nets, and after settling on a design, officials had to come up with the money to build them. In 2014, Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District officials approved the project for $76 million.:up:
Construction costs have risen to $224 million,:hmmm: Mulligan said. In a lawsuit filed against the district that year, Shimmick Construction Co. and Danny’s Construction Co., the lead contractors on the project, said the nets and other work on the bridge as part of the project would cost about $400 million.:timeout::nope::oops:
Changes and flaws in the government’s design of the nets and deterioration of the bridge’s maintenance platforms raised the construction price, the companies said. The contractors said they had lost approximately $100 million on the project and spent another $100 million to pay expenses and laborers to ensure its completion. BOTTOM LINE: they don't call it the Barbary Coa$t for nothing!:O:

[Jimbuna]

1925 Mussolini forms a cabinet composed entirely of Fascists in Italy.

2021 Supporters of US President Donald Trump storm the Capitol in Washington during congressional certification of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris's win, resulting in five deaths and prompting evacuation of lawmakers and Vice President Mike Pence.