This date in history

[Jimbuna]

1916 The Red Baron [Manfred von Richthofen], WWI flying ace of the German Luftstreitkräfte, wins his first aerial combat near Cambrai, France.

1938 British premier Neville Chamberlain leaves Munich.

1939 German U-29 sinks British aircraft carrier Courageous, 519 die.

1940 Adolf Hitler indefinitely postpones Operation Sealion, the planned German invasion of Great Britain.

1944 Operation Market Garden: In the largest airborne operation of WWII, Allied paratroopers land in the Netherlands in a failed attempt to capture the Arnhem bridge over the Rhine.

[Jimbuna]

1812 Great Fire of Moscow burns out after 5 days, 75% of the city destroyed and 12,000 killed.

1939 William Joyce's first Nazi propaganda broadcast.

1942 The order for 'extermination through labour' is approved by Otto Thierack, Nazi minister of justice.

1944 British submarine Tradewind torpedoes Junyo Maru: 5,600 killed, including 1,377 allied POWs and 4,200 Javanese slave labourers.

[Aktungbby]

1961: Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld, THE SECRETARY GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS IS KILLED WHEN HIS AIRCRAFT IS SHOT DOWN IN THE BELGIAN CONGO Former U.S. President Harry Truman (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Truman) commented that Hammarskjöld "was on the point of getting something done when they killed him. Notice that I said 'when they killed him'." Documents suggesting CIA involvement came to light when the South African National Intelligence Agency (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Intelligence_Agency_(South_Africa)) turned over a file to the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission) related to the 1993 assassination of Chris Hani (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hani), the leader of the South African Communist Party (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Communist_Party). These documents included an alleged plot to "remove" Hammarskjöld and contained a supposed statement from CIA director Allen Dulles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Dulles) that: "Dag is becoming troublesome … and should be removed." However the authenticity of these documents has not been established. IN HIS BOOK, Vägmärken, BASED ON HIS DIARY, ENDING A MONTH BEFORE HIS DEATH, DAG, EVER THE PHILOSOPHER, HAD WRITTEN PRESCIENTLY:"

We are not permitted to choose the frame of our destiny. But what we put into it is ours. He who wills adventure will experience it – according to the measure of his courage. He who wills sacrifice will be sacrificed – according to the measure of his purity of heart. AWARDED A POSTHUMOUS NOBEL PRIZE FOR PEACE, JOHN F. KENNEDY REGARDED HIM AS THE GREATEST STATESMAN OF THE CENTURY...THE BELGIAN CONGO IS STILL A MESS TODAY https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/17/dag-hammarskjold-un-secretary-general-crash (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/17/dag-hammarskjold-un-secretary-general-crash) https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/13/spy-messages-solve-mystery-un-chief-death-crash (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/13/spy-messages-solve-mystery-un-chief-death-crash)

[Jimbuna]

1939 British Expeditionary Force reaches France.

1939 Lord Haw-Haw (William Joyce) becomes radio host of Reichsrundfunk Berlin.

1940 Witold Pilecki is voluntarily captured and sent to Auschwitz in order to smuggle out information and start a resistance.

1944 Armistice between Finland and Soviet Union is signed. (End of the Continuation War).

1945 Kim Il-sung arrives in harbor of Wonsan, Korea.

1945 Lord Haw Haw (William Joyce) sentenced to death in London.

[Jimbuna]

1797 US frigate Constitution (Old Ironsides) launched in Boston.

1939 British navy captures German U-27 boat.

1945 German rocket engineers begin work in US.

1967 British liner Queen Elizabeth II launched at Clydebank Scotland.

1990 Both East and West Germany ratify reunification.

[Jimbuna]

1939 Reinhard Heydrich meets in Berlin to discuss final solution of Jews.

1944 Last British paratroopers at bridge of Arnhem surrender.

1957 German sail training ship Pamir sails Atlantic Ocean.

1961 Maiden flight of the CH-47 Chinook transportation helicopter.

1979 Two RAF Hawker Siddeley Harrier jump-jets from RAF Wittering collide over Wisbech in Cambridgeshire. Both pilots eject safely, but three people killed and several injured when one of the aircraft destroys 3 dwellings.

[Jimbuna]

1914 German submarine U-9 sinks three British cruisers, the Aboukir, the Hogue and the Cressy, in just over one hour. 1,459 die.

1943 British X-class midget submarines attack Tirpitz.

1943 Destroyer HMS Itchen torpedoed and sinks.

1943 Destroyer HMS Keppel sinks U-229.

1950 Omar N Bradley promoted to rank of 5-star general.

1958 US nuclear submarine USS Skate remains 31 days under the North Pole.

1985 French Prime Minister Laurent Fabius appears on TV to confess "Agents of the DGSE sank this boat [Rainbow Warrior]. They acted on orders.”

1988 South Korean coaches attack NZ referee after disputing his decision, Olympic Korean boxer stages a 67 minute sit-in.

[Jimbuna]

1857 Russian warship Leffort disappears in a storm in the Gulf of Finland; 826 die.

1941 German air raid on Soviet naval base at Kronstadt (battleship Marat sinks)

1941 The first gas murder experiments are conducted at Auschwitz concentration camp.

1942 The 'Manhattan Project' commences, under the direction of US General Leslie Groves: its aim - to deliver an atomic bomb.

1950 US Air Force Mustangs accidentally bomb British on Hill 282 Korea, 17 killed.

[Aktungbby]

1805 Lieutenant Zebulon Pike pays $2,000 to buy from the Sioux a 9-square-mile tract at the mouth of the Minnesota River that will be used to establish a military post, Fort Snelling (http://historynet.wpengine.com/book-review-painting-the-dakota-seth-eastman-at-fort-snelling-by-marybeth-lorbiecki-ww.htm). https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Casper_wild.jpgONE COULD CONSIDER THAT THE AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT GOT ITS LEGAL START HERE: Officer John Emerson purchased the slave Dred Scott (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dred_Scott) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/DredScott.jpg/220px-DredScott.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DredScott.jpg)in Saint Louis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis), Missouri, a slave state. He later worked and lived at Fort Snelling during much of the 1830s, having brought Dred and his wife Harriet Scott with him. Under the Missouri Compromise (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Compromise), slavery was prohibited in Minnesota Territory (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Territory). When Emerson returned to Missouri with the Scotts, they sued for their freedom and that of their daughters, because they had been held illegally in a free territory. A longstanding precedent in freedom suits (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_suits) of "once free, always free" was overturned in this case.:oops:(Scott filed legal suit in St. Louis Circuit Court. Scott stood on solid legal ground, because Missouri precedent dating back to 1824 had held that slaves freed through prolonged residence in a free state would remain free when taken back to Missouri. The doctrine was known as "Once free, always free".) (The cases were combined under Dred Scott's name.) It was appealed to the United States Supreme court. In Dred Scott v. Sandford (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford) (1857), Chief Justice Taney ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that African Americans had no standing under the constitution, so could not sue for freedom. The decision increased sectional tensions between the North and South. THREE YEARS LATER....THE CIVIL WAR STARTS IN EARNEST

[Mr Quatro]

I don't know what $2,000 was worth in today's dollars, but as close as I could get was 1914

$2,000 in 1914 equals $49,304.80 in 2018

[Jimbuna]

1940 Luftwaffe bombs Spitfire factory in Southampton.

1952 Dutch minister Dark sentences war criminal W Lages to death.

1960 USS Enterprise, first nuclear power aircraft carrier, launched.

[Jimbuna]

1878 British physician Dr. Charles Drysdale warns against the use of tobacco in a letter to The Times newspaper in one of the earliest public health announcements on the dangers of smoking.

1911 French battleship Liberte explodes at Toulon Harbour, 285 killed.

1915 Battle of Loos commenced, lasted until 14th October. Chlorine gas deployed by the British was blown back into their own trenches: 59,000 British & 26,000 German casualties.

1939 Andorra and Germany sign a treaty ending WW I, as Versailles Peace Treaty forgot to include Andorra.

1990 Saddam Hussein warns that US will repeat Vietnam experience.

[Aktungbby]

1957:When they arrived for the first day of school on Sept. 4, 1957, the Arkansas National Guard turned them away at the direction of Gov. Orval Faubus.
Eisenhower attempted to persuade Faubus to allow the students to enter. On Sept. 23, the Little Rock police escorted the nine into the school amid 1,000 angry protesters. As riots ensued, the students were removed.
The next day, Eisenhower sent in 1,200 members of the 101st Airborne and placed them in charge of 10,000 National Guardsmen. Escorted by armed troops, the Little Rock Nine attended their first full day of classes on Sept. 25.
The students faced harassment and some violence throughout the year.The troops stayed for the duration.
RULE 1 OF STATES RIGHTS: WHEN THE (IDIOT) GOVERNOR OF A STATE ACTIVATES HIS NATIONAL GUARD, THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF (PRESIDENT) MAY ASSUME COMMAND AND CHANGE THE MISSION... On September 24, the President ordered the 101st Airborne Division (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division) of the United States Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army)—without its black soldiers, who rejoined the division a month later—to Little Rock and federalized (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Guard#Constitutional_basis) the entire 10,000-member Arkansas National Guard, taking it out of Faubus's control.The images of those children gazing straight ahead, clutching their books, protected from a shouting mob by armed GIs, are among the most iconic of the civil rights movement. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/101st_Airborne_at_Little_Rock_Central_High.jpg/1024px-101st_Airborne_at_Little_Rock_Central_High.jpg THE THIS BEING A NAVAL FORUM: THE MISSION HAS COME FULL CIRCLE: The six women selected to sponsor the submarine USS Arkansas will find themselves surrounded by the Navy when they visit Newport News Shipbuilding as guests of honor. The Arkansas' sponsors are the women of the Little Rock Nine.
That will be quite a turnaround from the first time they stood among members of the U.S. military. The women are not due in Newport News for some time. Construction on the nuclear-powered attack submarine will begin in 2018, and the boat is scheduled to join the fleet in 2023. No dates have been set for its keel-laying and christening, ceremonies that mark construction milestones where sponsors play a formal role.
Navy Secretary Ray Mabus, who named the sponsors, said he always looks for people who contribute to the community in some way. Needing an example from the state of Arkansas, he didn't have to think very hard.
"The Little Rock Nine just jumped out," he said in a telephone interview. "Here were six women, three men, who as adolescents integrated Little Rock's Central High School. They had to be taken through mobs of jeering, yelling people."
That courage and fortitude, he said, "are the examples you want to see in an American – and in a ship's sponsor.":Kaleun_Salute: I STILL RECALL THE MAGAZINE COVER: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Little-Rock-TIME-1957.jpg/220px-Little-Rock-TIME-1957.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Little-Rock-TIME-1957.jpg)

[Jimbuna]

1580 Frances Drake completes circumnavigation of the world, sailing into Plymouth aboard the Golden Hind.

1918 Beginning of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, more than 1 million American soldiers in the largest and most costly offensive of WWI.

1925 Italian sub "Sebastiano Veniero" lost off Sicily with 54 dead.

1934 British liner Queen Mary is launched.

1940 Luftwaffe bombs Spitfire factory in Southampton for second time.

1950 UN troops in Korean War recapture South Korean capital of Seoul,

1973 Concorde makes its first non-stop crossing of the Atlantic (Washington, D.C. to Paris) in record-breaking time (3h33m).

1983 Soviet military officer Stanislav Petrov averts a worldwide nuclear war by judging supposed missile attack from the US an error.

[Jimbuna]

1066 William the Conqueror's troops set sail for England.

1938 British ocean liner "Queen Elizabeth" launches at Clydebank, Scotland.

1941 US launches its first Liberty ship, freighter SS Patrick Henry.

1941 Reinhard Heydrich, "butcher of Prague," appointed SS-general (Gruppenfuehrer).

1942 Heavy German assault in Stalingrad.

1945 US General and head of the Allied occupation of Japan, Douglas MacArthur, meets Emperor Hirohito in Tokyo for the first time.

1991 US President George H. W. Bush decides to end full-time B-52 bombers alert.

[Aktungbby]

1066 William the Conqueror's troops set sail for England.

HIC:()1: WILLELM[US] DUX IN MAGNO NAVIGIO MARE TRANSIVIT ET VENIT AD PEVENESÆ:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/BayeuxTapestryScene38.jpg/1920px-BayeuxTapestryScene38.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1066 William the Conqueror invades England landing at Pevensey Bay, Sussex.

1939 German-Soviet Frontier Treaty is signed by Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov; redraws German and Soviet spheres of influence in central Europe and transfers most of Lithuania to the USSR.

1958 USAF selects Thor over Jupiter rocket for mass production as ICBM's.

[fumo30]

1939 British navy captures German U-27 boat.




You mean they captured the crew?

The boat itself went down.

[Jimbuna]

1940 First US merchant ship "Booker T. Washington" commanded by a black captain (Hugh Mulzac), launched at Wilmington Delaware.

1941 Nazi massacre at Babi Yar, near Kiev, 33,771 mostly Jews murdered.

[Aktungbby]

1940 First US merchant ship "Booker T. Washington" commanded by a black captain (Hugh Mulzac), launched at Wilmington Delaware.

MORE IMPORTANTLY: Born March 26, 1886 on Union Island, St. Vincent Island Group, British West Indies, Mulzac entered the Swansea Nautical College in South Wales to prepare for a seaman's career while in his youth. He became an American citizen in 1918, and continued his training at the Shipping Board in New York. He earned his captain's rating in the merchant marine in 1918, In 1942, Mulzac was offered command of the SS Booker T. Washington (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Booker_T._Washington), the first Liberty ship (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_ship) to be named after an African-American. He refused at first because the crew was to be all black. He insisted on an integrated crew, stating, "Under no circumstances will I command a Jim Crow (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws)", and the authorities relented. With this, he became famous for being the first ever black captain, the first black man to obtains a ships masters license and the first black man ever to command a fully integrated vessel.:Kaleun_Salute: Under his command, over 18,000 troops were transported around the world, and additionally "carrying vital war supplies such as tanks, aircraft and ammunition to the European front."
Captain Hugh Mulzac also played a role in the National Maritime Union. The Union included a clause that stipulated that there should be no discrimination based on color, race, political creed, religion or national origin...
After the war, Mulzac could not regain a position as captain. In 1948 he unsuccessfully filed a lawsuit against the ship's operators. In 1950 he made a bid for Queens (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens)Borough President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_President) under the American Labor Party (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Labor_Party) ticket. He lost the election, having gotten 15,500 votes.
Due to his strong ties to the labor movement, he found himself blacklisted in the era of McCarthyism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyism). At the New York state election, 1958 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_state_election,_1958), he ran on the Independent-Socialist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent-Socialist_Party) ticket for New York State Comptroller (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Comptroller).
Mulzac was a self-taught painter, and in 1958, thirty-two of his oil paintings were put on exhibit at one man show in the Countee Cullen Library (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countee_Cullen_Library) in Manhattan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan). In 1960 a Federal Judge restored his seaman's papers and license, and at the age of 74 he was able to find work as a night mate. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ss-booker-t-washington-1943.jpg/800px-Ss-booker-t-washington-1943.jpg<Captain Mulzac and his crew in E (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England)ngland after the maiden voyage of the SS Booker T. Washington (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Booker_T._Washington). C. Lastic, Second Mate; T. J. Young, Midshipman; E. B. Hlubik, Midshipman; C. Blackman, Radio Operator; T. A. Smith, Chief Engineer; Hugh Mulzac, Captain of the ship; Adolphus Fokes, Chief Mate; Lt. H. Kruley; E. P. Rutland, Second Engineer; and H. E. Larson, Third Engineer." https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%22DEMOCRACY_IN_ACTION%5E%22_-_NARA_-_535671.jpg/800px-%22DEMOCRACY_IN_ACTION%5E%22_-_NARA_-_535671.jpgone wonders if the term 'black gang" :k_confused: was used aboard the ship to refer to the engine or fireroon ??!! The black gang are the members of a ship (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship)'s crew who work in the fire room/engine room they are also called stokers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoker_(occupation)) or firemen (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireman_(steam_engine)). They are called "black" because of the soot and coal dust (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_dust) that is thick in the air in the fire room/engine room. The term began being used in the days of the coal-fired steamships. The term is commonly used in the United States Coast Guard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard) and United States Navy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy) to describe personnel in "M" and "B" divisions. "No crew member of a steam ship works harder or longer than the guys in M and B division. They come in early for light off, go home well after everybody else upon returning to port, and by the nature and location of their work, have a tougher time than any sailor on the ship." :hmmm: http://www.usmm.org/african-americans.html (http://www.usmm.org/african-americans.html)

[dmagnusson]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughes_Helicopters

[Aktungbby]

1957: "IN GOD WE TRUST" IS PRINTED ON AMERICAN PAPER MONEY.....:()1:...."ALL OTHERS PAY CASH" WAS LEFT OUT https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/1in_god_we_trust.jpg/220px-1in_god_we_trust.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1in_god_we_trust.jpg)

[Aktungbby]

1991: University of Oklahoma law professor Anita Hill publicly accused Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas of making inappropriate comments when she worked for him; naturally Thomas denied Hill's allegations...newly confirmed Justice Kavanaugh at least had a roadmap to follow; one wonders if Justices Kagen, Ginsburg, and Sotomayor, judicious Dame's all, will address them as ' your honor'??:O:

[Jimbuna]

1917 First British bombing of Germany.

1933 Albert Einstein arrives in US as a refugee from Nazi Germany.

1941 USS Kearney becomes the 1st US destroyer torpedoed in World War II, while the country is still neutral.

1943 Burma railway completed, built by Allied POWs and Asian laborers for use of the Japanese army.

2017 Islamic State headquarters Raqqa declared under full control of US-led alliance by Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) spokesman Talal Sello after 4 months of fighting.

[Jimbuna]

1867 US takes formal possession of Alaska from Russia having paid $7.2 million.

1900 Count Bernard von Bulow becomes Chancellor of Germany, famous for first referring to Germany's need for 'place in the sun' and global empire.

1919 David Beatty is created 1st Earl Beatty, Viscount Borodale, and Baron Beatty of the North Sea and Brooksby.

1931 American gangster Al Capone convicted of tax evasion.

1942 Hitler orders captured allied commandos to be killed.

1962 US launches Ranger 5 for lunar impact; misses Moon.

[Jimbuna]

1781 British forces under General Charles Cornwallis sign terms of surrender to George Washington and Comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown at 2 pm; US Revolutionary War ends.

1812 Napoleon's forces begin their retreat from Moscow.

1950 UN forces entered Pyongyang, capital of North Korea.

1951 US President Harry Truman formally ends state of war with Germany.

[Jimbuna]

1944 US forces under General Douglas MacArthur return to the Philippines with the landing of the US 6th army on Leyte.

1965 Beatles receive a gold record for "Yesterday"

[Jimbuna]

1797 The USS Constitution (Old Ironsides) is launched in Boston.

1805 Battle of Trafalgar: British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats combined French and Spanish fleet. Nelson shot and killed during battle.

1854 Florence Nightingale with a staff of 38 nurses is sent to the Crimean War.

1944 US troops capture Aachen, first large German city to fall.

1948 UN rejects Russian proposal to destroy atomic weapons.

1960 1st British nuclear submarine HMS Dreadnought launched.

[Jimbuna]

1836 Sam Houston inaugurated as first elected President of the Republic of Texas.

1954 West Germany joins North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

1962 Cuban missile crisis: US President John F. Kennedy addresses TV about Russian missile bases in Cuba and imposes a naval blockade on Cuba, beginning the missile crisis.

[Jimbuna]

1917 First Infantry division "Big Red One" shoots first US shot in WWI.

1942 German units go through Red October-factory in Stalingrad.

1944 Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's flagship the heavy cruiser Atago sinks during the Battle of Leyte Gulf.

1954 Britain, France & USSR agree to end occupation of Germany.

1981 US national debt hits $1 trillion.

2001 The Provisional Irish Republican Army of Northern Ireland commences disarmament after peace talks.

[Jimbuna]

1929 "Black Thursday", start of stock market crash, Dow Jones down 12.8%

1944 US air raid on Japanese battleships and cruisers in Sibuya Sea: Musashi sinks.

1944 US aircraft carrier Princeton sinks at Philippines.

1944 US Captain David Mccampbell shoots down 9-11 Japanese planes in Gulf of Leyte.

1962 Cuban missile crisis: Soviet ships approach but stop short of the US blockade of Cuba.

2008 "Bloody Friday" saw many of the world's stock exchanges experienced the worst declines in their history, with drops of around 10% in most indices.

[Jimbuna]

1415 Battle of Agincourt: Henry V's forces defeat larger French army and the longbow defeats the armoured knight.

1854 The infamous Charge of Light Brigade during the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War; over 100 killed.

1946 First trial against nazi war criminals in Nuremberg.

[Aktungbby]

1983: OPERATION URGENT FURY COMMENCES ON THE ISLE OF GRENADA; OSTENSIBLY TO RESCUE AMERICAN MEDICAL STUDENTS SUDDENLY EMBROILED IN A MURDEROUS COMMUNIST TAKEOVER OF THE ISLAND'S GOVERNMENT BY MARXIST REBELS....Following the US victory, the American and Caribbean governments quickly reaffirmed Queen Elizabeth II as Grenada’s lawful ruler and recognized Governor General Paul Scoon as her only lawful representative in Grenada. http://www.psywarrior.com/GrenadaHerb.html (http://www.psywarrior.com/GrenadaHerb.html)

[Jimbuna]

1881 Wyatt Earp, Doc Holliday & Clanton involved in gunfight at OK Corral, in Tombstone, Arizona.

1918 Germany's supreme commander General Eric Ludendorff resigns, protesting the terms to which the German Government has agreed in negotiating an armistice.

1940 The P-51 Mustang makes its maiden flight.

1943 World War II: First flight of the Dornier Do 335 "Pfeil".

1950 South Korean troops reach Chosan at Chinese boundary.

1951 Winston Churchill re-elected British Prime Minister at the age of 86.

1962 JFK warns Russia that the USA will not allow Soviet missiles to remain in Cuba.

1962 Nikita Khrushchev sends note to JFK offering to withdraw his missiles from Cuba if US closed its bases in Turkey: offer is rejected.

1966 US aircraft carrier Oriskany catches fire at Gulf of Tonken, 43 die.

1971 UN votes to replace Taiwan with China.

[Jimbuna]

1941 Chicago Daily Tribune editorialize there will not be war with Japan.

1942 US aircraft carrier Hornet sinks off Santa Cruz.

1962 Black Saturday - Russian nuclear missile crisis in Cuba.

[Jimbuna]

1904 St Louis police try a new investigation method - fingerprints.

1943 German submarine U-220 sunk by US aircraft in the Atlantic.

1946 German rocket engineers begin work in USSR.

1962 Radio Moscow reports nuclear missiles in Cuba deactivated.

[Jimbuna]

1918 German sailors refuse to obey orders to fight British naval forces and lead a revolt in the naval ports of Wilhelmshaven, beginning the German Revolution.

1940 Secretary of War Henry L Stimson draws the first number - #158 - in the 1st peacetime military draft in US history.

1942 Nazis murder 16,000 Jews in Pinsk, Soviet Union.

1943 Three allied officers escape out of camp Stalag Luft 3.

1945 First ballpoint pen goes on sale, manufactured by Biro.

1998 Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off on STS-95 with 77-year old John Glenn on board, making him the oldest person to go into space.

[Jimbuna]

1939 USSR & Germany agree on partitioning Poland, Adolf Hitler deports Jews.

1939 German U boat fails on attack of English battleship Nelson with Winston Churchill, Dudley Pound & Charles Forbes aboard.

1944 Anne Frank is deported from Auschwitz to Belsen.

[Jimbuna]

1917 World War I: Battle of Beersheba in southern Palestine - "last successful cavalry charge in history" performed by the 4th Australian Light Horse.

1926 Failed assassination attempt on Benito Mussolini by 15-year-old Anteo Zamboni, who was lynched on the spot.

1940 Battle of Britain, fought between the RAF and Luftwaffe over the English Channel and southern England, ends.

1941 Prior to US joining WWII, German submarine U-552 torpedoes US destroyer Reuben James near Iceland.

1942 U-boats sink and damage 120 allied ships this month (659,457 tons).

1943 World War II: F4U Corsair accomplishes the first successful radar-guided interception.

1949 Dutch Nazi Henri 'Hakkie' Holdert, director of Amsterdam paper De Telegraaf and member of the SS, sentenced to 12 years imprisonment.

1952 First thermonuclear bomb detonated at Marshall Islands.

[Jimbuna]

1800 John Adams becomes the first US President to live in the White House.

1914 German-British naval battle at Coronel, Chile.

1919 British Admiral David Beatty becomes First Sea Lord.

1939 First jet plane, Heinkel He 178, demonstrated to German Air Ministry.

1941 Japanese naval staff offiicers Suzuki & Maejima arrive at Pearl Harbor.

1952 "Ivy Mike", the first thermonuclear weapon to utilize the H-bomb design of Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam, is detonated in the Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean.

[Jimbuna]

1914 Great Britain declares the entire North Sea a military area: neutral ships will transit it at their own risk.

1917 In WWI the 1st US soldiers are killed in combat: James Gresham, Thomas Enright and Merle Hay.

1944 Auschwitz begins gassing inmates.

1989 "Blackadder Goes Forth" final episode "Goodbyeee" airs starring Rowan Atkinson and Tony Robinson, written by Richard Curtis and Ben Elton.

[Jimbuna]

1906 International Radiotelegraph Conference in Berlin selects "SOS" (· · · – – – · · ·) distress signal as the worldwide standard for help.

1918 Thousands of revolutionary German sailors with the fleet at Kiel mutiny, seize the city, and set up councils of workers and sailors.

1941 Hirohiti's accord on Yamamoto's attack plan on Pearl Harbor fails.

1957 USSR launches Sputnik 2 with a dog (Laika), first animal in orbit.

[Jimbuna]

1862 Dr Richard Gatling patents Gatling machine gun in Indianapolis.

1921 The Sturmabteilung or SA (the "Brown Shirts") is formally established by Adolf Hitler.

1922 Howard Carter discovers tomb of Tutankhamun in Egypt.

1963 John Lennon utters his infamous line at a Royal Variety Performance "Will the people in the cheaper seats clap your hands? And for the rest of you, if you’ll just rattle your jewelry…" in London.

1979 500 Iranian students loyal to Ayatollah Khomeini seize the US Embassy in Tehran, taking 90 hostages for 444 days.

2008 Barack Obama becomes the first African-American to be elected President of the United States, defeating Republican candidate John McCain.

[Jimbuna]

1605 Gunpowder Plot: Catholic conspirator Guy Fawkes attempts to blow up King James I and the British Parliament. Plot discovered, Guy Fawkes caught, tortured and later executed along with seven others. Celebrated ever since as Guy Fawkes Day, where his effigy is traditionally burned on a bonfire, accompanied by fireworks.

1937 Adolf Hitler informs his military leaders in a secret meeting of his intentions of going to war.

1941 Japanese naval staff officers Suzuki and Maejima leave Pearl Harbor.

1956 Britain and France land airborne forces at Port Said in Egypt, escalating the Suez Crisis.

1979 Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini declares US "The Great Satan"

[Jimbuna]

1941 Japanese fleet readies assault on Pearl Harbor.

1941 USA lends Soviet Union $1 million.

1942 Nazis kill 12,000 Jews in the Minsk ghetto.

1945 The first landing of a jet on a carrier takes place on USS Wake Island when an FR-1 Fireball touches down.

1950 Chinese offensive halts at Chongchon River, North Korea.

1999 Australians vote to keep the British monarch as their head of state in the Australian republic referendum.

[Jimbuna]

1800 It becomes illegal for women in Paris to wear trousers without a Police permit (annulled 2013).

1872 Cargo ship Mary Celeste sails from Staten Island for Genoa; mysteriously found abandoned four weeks later.

[Jimbuna]

1861 USS San Jacinto commanded by Charles Wilkes captures two Confederate diplomats from the British mail steamer Trent, almost causing a war between the US and the UK.

1939 Failed assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler in Burgerbraukeller, Munich.

1950 A US aircraft shoots down a North Korean jet in the Korean War, the first jet-to-jet dogfight in history.

1974 Britiish peer the Earl of Lucan disappears and is never seen again after his nanny is found murdered in London.

2016 Republican Donald Trump is elected President of the United States of America, defeating democrat Hillary Clinton, who received 2.9 million more votes.

[Jimbuna]

1914 Off Cocos Island, near Sumatra, the Australian cruiser 'Sydney' sinks German cruiser 'Emden', which has been attacking ships in the Pacific.

1918 Emperor Wilhelm II abdicates after German defeat in World War I.

1923 Beer Hall Putsch's second day in Munich; Nazis fail to overthrow government, 16 die, Hitler flees.

1925 German NSDAP (Nazi party) forms Schutzstaffel (SS).

[Aktungbby]

1974 Britiish peer the Earl of Lucan disappears and is never seen again after his nanny is found murdered in London. ONE THEORY OF HIS DISAPPEARANCE:o: They allegedly dismissed the idea that he flee abroad, saying he was not cut out for a life on the run and he would be returned to the UK.
Instead, Marcq said a pistol was placed in front of ('LUCKY') Lucan, who picked it up, went into the next room, and shot himself. The body was then allegedly fed to a tiger named Zorra.
Police reportedly investigated the tiger theory at the time, after Aspinall’s mother, Lady Osborne told them: "The last I heard of him (Lucan), he was being fed to the tigers at my son’s zoo."
When police visited Howletts, Aspinall is said to have responded: "My tigers are only fed the choicest cuts – do you really think they’re going to eat stringy old Lucky?" https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/happened-lord-lucan-still-alive-likely-theories/ (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/happened-lord-lucan-still-alive-likely-theories/)

[Jimbuna]

1871 Henry Morton Stanley encounters David Livingstone at Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika in Central Africa, with the immortal words 'Dr Livingstone, I presume?'

1918 German Emperor Wilhelm II flees to Netherlands.

1918 Western Union Cable Office in North Sydney, Nova Scotia receives a top-secret coded message from Europe stating on November 11, 1918 all fighting would cease on land, sea and in the air.

1940 Walt Disney begins serving as an informer for the Los Angeles office of the FBI; his job is to report back information on Hollywood subversives.

1989 Germans begin demolishing the Berlin Wall.

[Jimbuna]

1918 Armistice signed by the Allies and Germany comes into effect and World War I hostilities end at 11am, "the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month"

1920 Great Britain's monument to her war dead, the Cenotaph in Whitehall, designed by Edwin Lutyens, unveiled.

1920 The burials of unknown soldiers take place simultaneously in Westminster Abbey, London, and at the Arc de Triomphe, Paris.

1921 US President Warren G. Harding dedicates Tomb of Unknown Soldier at Arlington Cemetery.

1923 Eternal flame lit for tomb of unknown solder, Arc de Triumph.

1940 Thousands of Paris students lay a wreath at the Grave of the Unknown Soldier.

1940 British Fleet Air Arm attack destroys half of Italian fleet at Taranto.

1940 Willys unveiled its General Purpose vehicle ("Jeep").

1942 Last German offensive in Stalingrad.

1983 First US cruise missiles arrive in Great Britain.

[Jimbuna]

1912 British explorer Robert Scott's diary & body found in Antarctica.

1938 Hermann Goering announces he wants Madagascar as a Jewish homeland.

1941 Germany's drive to take Moscow halted.

1944 RAF sinks German battleship "Tirpitz" at Tromso Fjord, Norway.

1948 Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo sentenced to death by war crimes tribunal.

1966 Buzz Aldrin takes the first 'space selfie', a photo of himself performing extravehicular activity in space during the Gemini program.

[Jimbuna]

1982 Vietnam Veterans Memorial opens in Washington D.C., featuring the names of over 58,000 US soldiers killed or missing in the Vietnam War.

2001 War on Terrorism: In the first such act since World War II, US President George W. Bush signs an executive order allowing military tribunals against foreigners suspected of connections to terrorist acts or planned acts on the United States.

2015 Terror attacks in Paris at 3 locations leave at least 129 dead. Isis claim responsibility.

[Jimbuna]

1941 British aircraft carrier Ark Royal sank in Mediterranean, having been torpedoed by a German submarine the day before.

1969 Apollo 12 (Conrad/Gordon/Bean) launched for second manned Moon landing.

[Aktungbby]

1910: https://amp.businessinsider.com/images/5a0b1dd83dbef471018b5e1b-750-580.jpgthe US military took its first step toward linking flight and naval operations when Eugene Ely made the first carrier takeoff, guiding a Pusher biplane off the deck of the light cruiser USS Birmingham in the waters of Norfolk, Virginia. The cruiser was equipped with an 83-foot runway (https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1981-01/short-eventful-life-eugene-b-ely) on its deck, but that length meant Ely only had 57 feet to take off.
The original plan was to steam into the Chesapeake Bay and launch the plane while underway, which would provide extra lift, but it was foiled by the weather.
That afternoon, Ely launched his biplane from Birmingham's deck while the ship was as anchor.
After his wheels left the deck, Ely guided the plane toward the water to build up speed. But he misjudged, and witnesses watched as the plane smacked into the water and bounced back into the air. (GADZOOKS A SULLENBERGER on the Hudson! AHEAD OF IT'S TIME!:O:) The collision damaged the propeller and sprayed Ely's goggles with saltwater.
After less than five minutes in the air, Ely touched down on a nearby beach. 11 months later: Ely continued flying at sites around the country, earning acclaim. But his life was ended by a crash at the Georgia State Fair on October 19, 1911. Though he was a civilian flier, Ely was posthumously awarde the Distinguished Flying Cross by the Navy in 1933

[Jimbuna]

1899 Morning Post reporter Winston Churchill captured by Boers in Natal.

1916 Canadian pilot William George Barker flying over Ancre River, spots concentration of German troops massing for counter-attack on Beaumont Hamel, sends emergency Zone Call to break up German infantry apart. Barker later receives Military Cross.

1942 First flight of the Heinkel He 219.

1967 The only fatality of the X-15 program occurs during the 191st flight when Air Force test pilot Michael J. Adams loses control of his aircraft descending from 81km, causing its mid air destruction over the Mojave Desert.

1971 Intel advertises 4004-processor.

[Jimbuna]

1776 First gun salute for an American warship in a foreign port - US Andrew Doria at Fort St Eustatius (Dutch Caribbean isalnd).

1940 In response to Germany's leveling of Coventry, England two days before, the Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg.

1948 Operation Magic Carpet - First plane from Yemen carrying Jews to Israel.

[Jimbuna]

1855 David Livingstone becomes the first European to see Victoria Falls, in what is now Zambia and Zimbabwe.

1951 Britain reports development of the world's first nuclear-powered heating system.

1965 General Meeting of UN refuses admittance of People's Republic of China.

1970 Douglas Engelbart receives the patent for the first computer mouse.

[Jimbuna]

1852 State funeral of Duke of Wellington (St Paul's Cathedral, London).

1916 General Douglas Haig finally calls off first Battle of the Somme (WWI) - over 1 million killed or wounded.

1949 The U.S. Air Force grounds B-29s after two crashes and 23 deaths in three days.

[Jimbuna]

1919 US Senate rejects (55-39) Treaty of Versailles & League of Nations.

1942 Operation Uranus: Soviet offensive begins during Battle of Stalingrad, 1 million Soviet soldiers encircle the German Sixth Army.

1950 US General Eisenhower becomes supreme commander of NATO-Europe.

[Jimbuna]

1917 First successful tank use in battle, at the Battle of Cambrai in World War I as Britain uses the new technology to break through German lines.

1941 Adm Nomura & Kurusu hands over Japanese last diplomatic note.

1941 German "auxiliary cruiser" (armed merchant raider) Kormoran sinks near Australia.

1944 First Japanese suicide submarine attack (Ulithi Atol, Carolines).

1945 24 Nazi leaders put on trial at Nuremberg, Germany.

[Jimbuna]

1791 Colonel Napoléon Bonaparte is promoted to 1st Lieutenant and appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Armies of the French Republic.

1916 HMHS Britannic sinks in the Aegean Sea after a mine explodes, killing 30 people.

1918 2 German ammunition trains explode in Hamont Belgium, 1,750 die.

1918 The German High Seas Fleet of 5 battlecruisers, 9 battleships, 7 cruisers and 49 destroyers surrendered to the British Grand Fleet and were shepherded into the Firth of Forth.

1946 Harry Truman becomes first US President to travel in a submerged submarine.

[Jimbuna]

1941 British cruiser Devonshire sinks German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis.

1963 American President John F. Kennedy assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, Texas.

2005 Angela Merkel becomes the first female Chancellor of Germany.

[Jimbuna]

1869 In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper Cutty Sark is launched - one of the last clippers ever built, and the only one still surviving.

1942 German 4th & 6th Army surrounded at Stalingrad.

1942 Chinese steward Poon Lim begins 133 days adrift after British ship SS Benlomond torpedoed by german U-boat and he is the sole survivor.

1963 Debut of "Doctor Who" the long-running British sci-fi series.

1991 Freddie Mercury, 45, confirms he has AIDS the day before he dies.

[Aktungbby]

1889: We know that one of the first music-for-money playing devices was invented by Louis Glass in San Francisco. Thomas Edison had invented the phonograph in the late 1870’s, and a decade later Glass took over the reigns of Pacific Phonograph Co. as well as some other phonograph companies in the coastal states of Washington, Oregon and of course the aforementioned California. But it was in the city by the bay that he had the big idea — the one that would be forever in our hearts and become a massive icon, still revered by avid “Jukebox” collectors today.
The 44 year-old Glass, with his partner William S. Arnold, presented a device that would play a song from a wax cylinder phonograph but here’s the catch; only if you put a nickel in the machine. That first machine was called the “The nickel-in-the-slot phonograph”!
The first machine was installed at Palais Royal Saloon in San Francisco on November 23, 1889 — exactly 124 years ago today. San Francisco went bonkers for the thing: These were the days before radio and movies, and by May the following year there were 15 jukeboxes installed either in local bars or on Oakland-San Francisco ferries. Glass got a patent, and at Chicago's first annual Convention of Local Phonograph Companies of the United States, he announced that he had made just over $4,000. In nickels. Do the math: In 1913 -- as far back as the Federal Reserve Bank's online calculator goes -- $4,000 would be worth about $67,000 today. The machine was originally called the “nickel-in-the-slot player” by the entrepreneur who installed it at the Palais Royale. (A nickel then had the buying power of $1.08 today.) It came to be known as the jukebox only later, although the origin of the word remains a bit vague. It may derive from “juke house,” a slang reference to bawdy house, where music was not unknown. https://media2.fdncms.com/sfweekly/imager/glass-jukebox-patent/u/story/2137540/127206.0.jpeg (https://media2.fdncms.com/sfweekly/imager/glass-jukebox-patent/u/zoom/2137540/127206.0.jpeg)(FOUR 'FRISCO PEOPLE COULD LISTEN TO IT AT A TIME AND TAP THEIR TOES....IN UNISON!:()1:IT WAS SHORTLY UPGRADED....TO TEN??!!:yeah:https://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/archive/images/article/full/2007/11/jukebox_630px.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1715 London's Thames River freezes over.

1941 "Life Certificates" issued to some Jews of Vilna, the rest are exterminated.

1944 US bombers based on Saipan begin 1st attack on Tokyo.

1950 UN troops begin an assault intending to end Korean War by Christmas.

1954 Air Force One, 1st US Presidential airplane, christened.

[Jimbuna]

1783 Britain evacuates New York city, its last military position in United States.

1876 Indian Wars: In retaliation for the American defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, United States Army troops sack Chief Dull Knife's sleeping Cheyenne village at the headwaters of the Powder River.

1940 First flights of the de Havilland Mosquito and Martin B-26 Marauder.

1944 A German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworth's store in Deptford, United Kingdom, killing 160 shoppers.

1948 16-inch coastal guns removed from Fort Funston, San Francisco.

1963 JFK laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery.

[Jimbuna]

1778 British explorer Captain James Cook is the first European to visit Maui in the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii).

1789 1st national Thanksgiving in America.

1914 Battleship HMS Bulwark explodes at Sheerness Harbour, England, 788 die.

1916 Addressing the Chamber of Commerce in Cincinnati, US President Woodrow Wilson declares that 'The business of neutrality is over. The nature of modern war leaves no state untouched'

1922 English archaeologist Howard Carter opens Tutankhamun's virtually intact tomb in Egypt.

1941 Japanese naval carrier force left its base & moves east toward Pearl Harbor.

1944 Himmler orders destruction of Auschwitz & Birkenau crematoria.

2017 British Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton finishes 2nd in season-ending Abu Dhabi Grand Prix at Yas Marina Circuit to claim his 4th World F1 Drivers Championship; wins title by 46 points from Sebastian Vettel.

[Jimbuna]

1942 French navy at Toulon scuttles ships and submarines so Germans cannot seize them.

1944 4,000 shells detonate in RAF arms depot at Fauld, near Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire; village of Hanbury destroyed, at least 70 people killed.

1967 French President Charles de Gaulle said 'Non!' to British entry to the European Common Market for the second time.

2017 8 Donkeys freed from jail after 4 days in Orai, Uttar Pradesh, India for eating plants.

[Jimbuna]

1918 Kaiser Wilhelm II of Prussia & Germany abdicates.

1922 Captain Cyril Turner (RAF) gives first skywriting exhibition (NYC) Turner spelled out "Hello USA. Call Vanderbilt 7200." 47,000 called.

1934 Winston Churchill tells British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin not to under estimate German air power.

1946 Dutch Nazi Anton Mussert sentenced to death.

1974 John Lennon's last concert appearance (Elton John concert in Madison Square Garden NYC).

1979 Air New Zealand DC-10 crashes into Mt Erebus on Antarctica, killing 257 people, making it New Zealand's deadliest peacetime disaster.

[Jeff-Groves]

2008 After Thanks Giving and the 2008 SubSim meet the GWX Team goes into full testing mode for the upcoming release of GWX3. The install is a prime focus and under goes extensive testing and revisions. The Command of the GWX Team is reverted back to Kpt. Lehman for the final release.

[Jimbuna]

1917 A Supreme Allied War Council meets at Versailles to define war aims.

1941 Passenger ship Lurline sends radio signal of sighting Japanese war fleet.

[Jimbuna]

1941 Japanese Emperor Hirohito consults with admirals Shimada and Nagano.

1942 U-boats sink and damage 142 allied ships this month (877,774 tons).

1942 German supply vessel Uckermark (formerly called the Altmark) explodes & sinks off Yokohama.

1944 Biggest & last British battleship HMS Vanguard launched.

1974 Most complete early human skeleton (Lucy, Australopithecus) discovered by Donald Johanson, Maurice Taieb, Yves Coppens and Tim White in the Middle Awash of Ethiopia's Afar Depression.

[Jimbuna]

1939 SS-Fuhrer Himmler begins deportation of Polish Jews.

1941 British cruiser Devonshire sinks German supply ship Python.

1941 Japanese Emperor Hirohito signs declaration of war.

1943 FDR, Churchill & Stalin agree to Operation Overlord (D-Day).

1955 Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to move to the back of a bus and give her seat to a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama.

[Jimbuna]

1941 US Naval Intelligence ceases bugging Japanese consul.

1941 Japanese Marshal Admiral Yamamoto sends his fleet to Pearl Harbor.

[Jimbuna]

1989 Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and US President George H. W. Bush, declare the Cold War over.

[Jimbuna]

1619 38 colonists from Berkeley Parish, England disembark in Virginia and give thanks to God. Considered by many the first Thanksgiving in the Americas.

1918 US President Woodrow Wilson sails for Versailles Peace Conference in France, first President to travel outside US while in office.

[Jimbuna]

1872 Ship the Mary Celeste is discovered mysteriously abandoned by her crew in the Atlantic Ocean.

1941 US aircraft carrier Lexington and 5 heavy cruisers leave Pearl Harbor.

1945 Flight 19 the "Lost Squadron" of 5 torpedo bombers and 14 airmen is lost east of Florida in the supposed Bermuda Triangle.

[Jimbuna]

1917 French munition ship "Mont Blanc" explodes in Halifax, kills 1,700.

1938 French/German non-attack treaty drawn (Ribbentrop-Bonnet Pact).

1941 Dutch & British pilots see Japanese invasion fleet at Singapore.

1956 Against the background of the Soviet invasion of Hungary the nations square off at the Melbourne Olympics in a famous water polo match; game called off with Hungary leading 4-0 and near riot halted by police; Hungary goes on to win gold medal.

[Jimbuna]

1917 The USA's 42nd 'Rainbow' Division arrives in France (with Colonel Douglass MacArthur among its ranks).

1940 The first prototype Fairey Barracuda flew.

1941 Futshida's air fleet passes coastline of Oahu.

1941 Imperial Japanese Navy with 353 planes attack US fleet at Pearl Harbor Naval Base, Hawaii, killing 2,403 people.

1941 First Japanese midget submarine (No. 20) attacked by a US ship (USS Ward).

2015 US Presidential candidate Donald Trump proposes banning all Muslims from entering the US.

[Jimbuna]

1914 Battle of the Falkland Islands: British Royal Navy destroys a German battle squadron.

1915 John McCrae's poem "In Flanders Fields" appears anonymously in "Punch" magazine.

1941 US & Britain declare war on Japan, US enters WW II.

1941 London: Dutch government-in-exile declares war on Japan.

1941 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivers "Day of Infamy" speech to US Congress a day after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

1980 Annie Leibovitz has a photo-shoot with John Lennon, the last person to professionally photograph him before his death.

[Jimbuna]

1941 Adolf Hitler orders US ships to be torpedoed.

1948 UN General Assembly unanimously approves Convention on Genocide.

[Jimbuna]

1926 2nd part of Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf published.

1936 Edward VIII signs Instrument of Abdication, giving up the British throne to marry American divoree Wallis Simpson.

1941 British battleship Prince of Wales and battlecruiser Repulse (Force Z ) sunk following Japanese aerial attacks off Malaya. 840 men die.

1942 An early report the Holocaust prepared by the Polish government-in-exile, using information obtained by Witold Pilecki, is addressed to UN member states.

[Jimbuna]

1395 John "Eleanor" Rykener, a male cross-dressing prostitute, is brought to court in London for "committing that detestable unmentionable and ignominious vice" in late medieval England's only recorded case on same-sex intercourse (verdict unknown).

1941 Japanese attack Wake Island (only failed WW II-landing).

1954 USS Forrestal christened in Newport News, Va.

[Aktungbby]

1395 John "Eleanor" Rykener, a male cross-dressing prostitute, is brought to court in London for "committing that detestable unmentionable and ignominious vice" in late medieval England's only recorded case on same-sex intercourse (verdict unknown).

ACTUALLY:''illud vitium detestabile, nephandum, et ignominiosum committentes,'' THERE WAS NO VERDICT:yeah: HE ESCAPED THE BISHOP'S PRISON (ECCLESIASTIC COURT)....CONVENIENTLY AS HIS CLIENTEL INCLUDED KNIGHTS, NUNS, AND....SCHOLARS. WHAT IS INTERESTING IS THAT 'SOPER LANE AT CHEAPSIDE' WHERE THIS ALL TOOK PLACE HAD A NAME CHANGE AFTER THE GREAT FIRE OF LONDON TO....'QUEEN STREET'!!!???https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Queen_St%2C_London%2C_EC4.jpg/220px-Queen_St%2C_London%2C_EC4.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_St,_London,_EC4.jpg):k_confused: SO NUTHIN' GOOD EVER GOES OUTTA STYLE:O:

[Jimbuna]

1937 Japanese aircraft shell & sink US gunboat Panay on Yangtze River in China. (Japan apologized & eventually paid US $2.2M in reparations).

1945 Special Court of justice convicts Dutch Nazi leader Mussert to death.

1946 UN accepts 6 Manhattan blocks as a gift from John D. Rockefeller Jr.

1961 Adolf Eichmann is found guilty of war crimes in Israel.

[Jimbuna]

1636 The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the United States National Guard.

1939 Battle of the River Plate - 3 British cruisers vs German pocket battleship Graf Spee.

1941 U-81 torpedoes British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal.

1944 Japanese kamikaze crashes into US cruiser Nashville, kills 138.

1961 Gideon Hausner in Jerusalem demands death penalty for Adolf Eichmann.

2002 Enlargement of the European Union: The European Union announces that Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia will become members from May 1, 2004.

[Jimbuna]

1941 Premier Winston Churchill travels to US on board HMS Duke of York.

1941 U-557 torpedoes British cruiser Galatea.

[Jimbuna]

1840 Napoleon Bonaparte receives a French state funeral in Paris 19 years after his death.

1941 USS Swordfish becomes first US submarine to sink a Japanese ship.

1944 Bandleader, Major Glenn Miller, lost over English Channel.

1944 US Congress gives General Eisenhower his 5th star.

1961 Adolf Eichmann is sentenced to death for war crimes in Israel.

[Jimbuna]

1773 Boston tea party incident - Sons of Liberty protesters throw tea shipments into Boston harbour in protest against British imposed Tea Act.

1907 As a gesture of the US's new presence as a world power, President Theodore Roosevelt sends the 'Great White Fleet' on a round-the-world cruise, visiting ports internationally.

1914 World War I: German battleships under Franz Von Hipper bombard the English ports of Hartlepool and Scarborough.

1944 Nazi Germany launches a counteroffensive against the Allies in the Ardennes region of Belgium, beginning the 'Battle of the Bulge'

[Jimbuna]

1939 German pocket battleship Graf Spee scuttled by its crew off Uruguay.

1986 Mrs Davina Thompson makes medical history by having the 1st heart, lung & liver transplant at Papworth Hospital in Cambridge, England.

1988 USS Tennessee, first sub to carry Trident 2 missiles, commissioned.

[Jimbuna]

1793 Surrender of the frigate La Lutine by French royalists to Lord Hood; renamed HMS Lutine, she later becomes a famous treasure wreck.

1944 US Destroyers Hull, Spence & Monaghan sink in typhoon (Philippines).

1997 HTML 4.0 is published by the World Wide Web Consortium.

[Jimbuna]

1783 William Pitt the Younger becomes the youngest ever British Prime Minister at age 24.

1941 German submarine U-574 sinks.

1941 Adolf Hitler takes complete command of German Army.

1950 General Eisenhower named NATO commander.

1983 The original FIFA World Cup trophy, the Jules Rimet Trophy, is stolen from the headquarters of the Brazilian Football Confederation in Rio de Janeiro.

1984 Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher sign the Sino-British Joint Declaration to transfer Hong Kong back to China in 1997.

[Aktungbby]

1986 Mrs Davina Thompson makes medical history by having the 1st heart, lung & liver transplant at Papworth Hospital in Cambridge, England.

She lived a pretty healthy life for the next twelve years, but became ill with a viral infection in her lung and died in August, 1998. She was 47. PRETTY GOOD FOR ALL THREE MAJOR ORGANS AT THE SAME TIME;:k_confused: THE HEART AND LUNGS HAD TO BE DONE FIRST TO PREVENT A HEART ATTACK FROM THE LIVER TRANSPLANT ALONE.:Kaleun_Salute:

[Jimbuna]

1915 Final withdraw of all allied troops from Anzac Cove.

1924 Adolf Hitler freed from jail early, having served only nine months of five-year sentence for "Beer Hall Putsch"

1941 World War II: First battle of the American Volunteer Group, better known as the "Flying Tigers" in Kunming, China.

1944 Battle of Bastogne: Germans surround 101st Airborne (NUTS!)

1957 Elvis Presley receives his draft notice to join the US Army for National Service.

1960 Auschwitz commandant Richard Bar arrested in German FR.

1963 Berlin Wall opens for 1st time to West Berliners.

1963 Trial against 21 camp guards of Auschwitz begins.

[Jimbuna]

1866 Fetterman Massacre: Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians kill all 81 US Army soldiers in the worst military disaster ever suffered by the U.S. Army on the Great Plains.

1925 "Battleship Potemkin", Soviet silent film directed by Sergei Eisenstein, starring Aleksandr Antonov, Vladimir Barksy and Grigori Aleksandrov, premieres in Moscow.

1939 Adolf Hitler names Adolf Eichmann leader of "Referat IV B", responsible for evictions and Jewish immigration.

1988 Lockerbie disaster: Pan Am Flight 103 destroyed mid air by a terrorist bomb killing all 258 on board over Scotland.

[Aktungbby]

1866 Fetterman Massacre: Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians kill all 81 US Army soldiers in the worst military disaster ever suffered by the U.S. Army on the Great Plains.< THAT IS UNTIL THE LITTLE BIGHORN FIGHT TEN YEARS LATER JUST TO THE NORTHWEST OF THE FETTERMN FIGHThttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Fetterman_Fight._Map_showing_the_battle_ground _and_the_Indian_territories.jpg/220px-The_Fetterman_Fight._Map_showing_the_battle_ground _and_the_Indian_territories.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Fetterman_Fight._Map_showing_the_battle_g round_and_the_Indian_territories.jpg) White Elk said there were more Indians present than at the Battle of the Little Bighorn (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Little_Bighorn), which would indicate an Indian force of considerably more than 1,000 men. The Fetterman fight soured the mood of the nation and the government on defending the Bozeman Trail. In 1868, Fort Phil Kearny was abandoned, and in November of that year Red Cloud signed a peace agreement with the U.S. "For the first time in its history the United States Government had negotiated a peace which conceded everything demanded by the enemy and which extracted nothing in return." Indian sovereignty over the Powder River country, however, would only endure for eight years...OBVIOUSLY A SCAPEGOAT WAS NEEDED; SOME INSIGHT: https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/new-perspectives-fetterman-fight (https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/new-perspectives-fetterman-fight)
ESSENTIALLY GRUMMOND, A KNOWN HOTHEAD RODE WITH 27 CAVALRYMEN INTO THE AMBUSH...FETTERMAN WITH INFANTRY MARCHED TO ASSIST THE BELEAGERED TROOPERS...FETTERMAN AN EXPERIENCED OFFICER BREVETTED FOR AND COMPETENCE & BRAVERY WAS NO IDIOT : Four years of increasing responsibility shaped Fetterman into a seasoned and well-respected military officer. Claiming Fetterman was desperate to prove his superiority in battle belies the fact that he did not need to prove it to anyone. Fetterman had been involved in a half-dozen deadly skirmishes (AT FT KEARNEY), and he acknowledged, “This Indian war has become a hand-to-hand fight, requiring the utmost caution.” RULE 4 OF PLAINS WARFARE; WHEN TEN DECOY INDIANS INCLUDING CRAZY HORSE STOP TO 'MOON' YOU-DO NOT CHASE THEM.... Certainly Fetterman and Brown were familiar with Indian decoy maneuvers. Fetterman had demonstrated caution and discretion when twice tempted by decoy parties around the pineries in November. But the impetuous Grummond, who could seemingly never resist the temptation to chase decoys, had very nearly forfeited his life doing so in the fight of December 6. That said, none of the officers present on the 21st expected to meet Indians in the hundreds when they pursued the decoys. Perhaps 50 or so would cover the retreat, in turn luring the soldiers farther over the ridge, where they expected to encounter the 100-strong main force—similar to the December 6 clash and certainly a manageable number for 81 men. Given such expected enemy numbers, Fetterman’s decision to cut off the Indian retreat over Lodge Trail Ridge was not at all irrational. The massive ambush that ensued was simply unprecedented in conflict with Plains Indians to date...

[Jimbuna]

1810 British frigate HMS Minotaur sinks killing 480.

1942 Adolf Hitler signs the order to develop the V-2 rocket as a weapon.

1944 Germans demand surrender of American troops at Bastogne, Belgium (NUTS!).

1970 Treblinka SS commander Franz Stangl sentenced to life imprisonment.

[Jimbuna]

1783 US General George Washington resigns his military commission as Commander-in-Chief of the Army to Congress.

1888 Vincent van Gogh cuts off his left ear with a razor, after argument with fellow painter Paul Gauguin, and sends to a prostitute for safe keeping.

1919 First hospital ship built to move wounded naval personnel launched.

1937 First flight of the Vickers Wellington bomber.

1943 Gen Bernard Montgomery told he is appointed commandant for D-day.

1968 82 members of US intelligence ship Pueblo released by North Korea.

[Jimbuna]

1814 Treaty of Ghent signed, ending the War of 1812 between the United States, the United Kingdom and their allies.

1941 First ships of admiral Nagumo's Pearl Harbor fleet return to Japan.

1942 First powered flight of V-1 'buzz bomb', Peenemunde, Germany.

1943 US President FDR appoints General Eisenhower Supreme Commander of the Allied forces.

1946 US General MacNarney gives 800,000 "minor nazis" amnesty.

[Jimbuna]

1941 Winston Churchill becomes first British Prime Minister to address a joint meeting of the US Congress, warning that Axis would "stop at nothing"

1943 British sink German battle cruiser Scharnhorst.

1944 Battle of Bastogne: US General Patton's 3rd Army repulses Germans.

1998 Iraq announces its intention to fire upon U.S. and British warplanes that patrol the northern and southern no-fly zones.

[Jimbuna]

1942 First Japanese women camp (Ambarawa) goes into use.

1943 German warship "Scharnhorst" sinks in Barents Sea.

1966 Ballon d'Or: Manchester United midfielder Bobby Charlton wins award for best European football player; claims award by a single point ahead of Benfica striker Eusébio.

[Jimbuna]

1950 Chinese troops cross 38th Parallel, into South Korea.

1972 Martin Bormann's skeleton is found in Berlin (Hitlers deputy).

2012 Vladimir Putin signs into law a ban on US adoption of Russian children.

2015 Japan and South Korea reach agreement over WWII "comfort women", Japan apologies and pays 1bn yen compensation.

[Jimbuna]

1860 The first British seagoing iron-clad warship, HMS Warrior is launched.

1934 Japan renounces Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and London Treaty of 1930.

1939 First flight of the Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber prototype.

1940 Germany drops its 1st incendiary bombs on London during the Blitz.

1944 General Eisenhower's train returns to Versailles.

1997 Hong Kong begins slaughtering all its chickens to prevent bird flu.

[Jimbuna]

1959 George Washington, first ballistic missile submarine commissioned.

1972 US President Richard Nixon halts bombing of North Vietnam and announces peace talks.

2016 Ray Davies of The Kinks is awarded a knighthood by Queen Elizabeth II.

[Aktungbby]

1775 George Washington (http://historynet.wpengine.com/george-washington) orders recruiting officers to accept free blacks into the army. The new commander of the Continental Army, Gen. George Washington, was against the recruitment of black soldiers. As a slaveholder, he epitomized the apprehension of many in the South; once black men were trained and armed, and once they saw combat in service of their nation, how then could the slavery system continue to exist? As a result, he issued a general order on November 12, 1775, directing that "neither Negroes, Boys unable to bare Arms, nor old men unfit to endure the fatigues of the campaign" (sic) are to be recruited.
The royal governor of the British colony of Virginia sensed an opportunity. On November 7, 1775, John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore issued what has come to be known as “Dunmore’s Emancipation Proclamation,” setting "all indentured servants, Negroes, or others...free that are able and willing to bear arms.” By offering freedom to runaway slaves, Dunmore hoped to both recruit forces for the British military, and drive a wedge between colonists who held opposing views on slavery. As a result, hundreds of runaway slaves enlisted in the British armed forces into what became known as “Dunmore’s Ethiopian Regiment.” Dunmore’s regiment saw service between 1775 and 1776, and its soldiers wore sashes across their uniforms embroidered with the phrase “Liberty to Slaves.”
Within six weeks, Washington partially reversed his November 12 general order, and reopened the Continental Army to free Blacks, though not slaves.
On December 31, 1776, Washington wrote a report to Congress in which he noted that "free Negroes who have served in the Army, are very much dissatisfied at being discarded." To prevent them from serving the British, he allowed them to re-enlist. Faced with mounting manpower shortages, Washington would ultimately reverse his general order. Slaves and free black men were to go on to serve with distinction in the Continental Army for the duration of the war.
At the end of the war, a French officer watching a review of the Continental Army in New York noted that as much as a quarter of the Army was black. Modern estimates show that a more accurate estimate was between 10 and 15%. VON CLAUSEWITZ RULE 2: "WHENEVER POSSIBLE INCREASE FIREPOWER"....RECRUIT BLACK SOLDIERS!:ping: :ping: :ping:

[Jimbuna]

1775 Battle of Quebec in American Revolutionary War; Americans defeated trying to take British stronghold.

1862 Union ironclad ship "Monitor" sank off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.

1942 Battle of the Barents Sea between British Navy and German Kriegsmarine off North Cape, Norway.

1946 US President Harry Truman officially proclaims end of WW II.

[Jimbuna]

1801 The Irish Parliament votes to join the Kingdom of Great Britain, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

1818 Official reopening of the White House.

1833 British government demands Falkland islands.

1863 Emancipation Proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln to free slaves in US confederate states.

1910 British naval officer David Beatty is promoted to rear-admiral.

1917 T. E. Lawrence joins the forces of the Arabian sheik Feisal al Husayn, beginning his adventures that will lead him to Damascus by October, 1918.

1919 British naval officer David Beatty is promoted to full admiral.

1934 Nazi Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring".

1946 Emperor Hirohito of Japan announces he is not a god.

1958 European Economic Community, better known as the European Common Market starts operation.

1962 Beatles' Decca audition is unsuccessful.

[Jimbuna]

1941 World War II: The U.S. government announces its Liberty ship program to build freighters in support of the war effort.

1942 World War II: the 28 nations at war with Axis powers pledge to make no separate peace deals.

1942 The United States Navy opens a blimp base at Lakehurst, New Jersey.

1944 First use of helicopters during warfare (British Atlantic patrol).

[Jimbuna]

1939 Hermann Goering appoints Reinhard Heydrich head of Jewish Emigration.

1944 Operation Carpetbagger begins (aerial dropping of supplies and weapons to resistance fighters in Europe).

1945 US jeep-aircraft carrier Ommaney Bay sinks after Japanese kamikaze attack.

1961 Longest recorded strike ends as the Danish barbers' assistants end a 33 year strike.

[Jimbuna]

1781 British naval expedition led by Benedict Arnold burns Richmond, Virginia.

1919 National Socialist Party (Nazi) forms as German Farmers' Party.

1971 Globetrotters lose 100-99 to NJ Reds, ending 2,495-game win streak.

1981 British police arrest Peter Sutcliffe, a truck driver later convicted of "Yorkshire Ripper" murders of 13 women.

[Jimbuna]

1681 First recorded boxing match (Duke of Albemarle's butler vs his butcher).

1941 US President Franklin Roosevelt makes his "Four Freedoms" speech (freedom of speech and worship; freedom from want and fear) during his US State of Union address.

[Aktungbby]

1904 The Marconi International Marine Communcation Company of London announced that the telegraphed letters CQD (come quick dammit?) would serve as a maritime distress call...it was later changed to SOS.

[Jimbuna]

1916 In response to pressure from President Woodrow Wilson, Germany notifies the US State Department that it will abide by strict international rules of maritime warfare.

1942 WW II siege of Bataan starts.

1944 US Air Force announces production of first US jet fighter, the Bell P-59.

1945 Lord Haw-Haw (William Joyce) reports total German victory in the Ardennes.

1953 US President Harry Truman announces American development of the hydrogen bomb.

1960 The Polaris missile is tested.

1991 Saddam Hussein prepares his troops for what he says will be a long violent war against the US.

1999 Impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton begins in the US Senate.

[Jimbuna]

1835 US national debt is $0 for the first and only time in history.

1916 WWI: ANZAC forces withdraw from the Gallipoli Peninsula after Ottoman forces successfully defend access to Constantinople.

[Jimbuna]

1806 Admiral Viscount Horatio Nelson receives a state funeral and is interred in St Paul's Cathedral, London.

1941 6,000 Jews exterminated in pogrom in Bucharest, Romania.

1941 Maiden flight by Canada's British-built Avro Lancaster military plane.

1942 US Joint Chiefs of Staff created.

[Buddahaid]

Today.
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46811618

[Jimbuna]

1916 In retaliation for President Woodrow Wilson's recognition of the Carranza government, members of Pancho Villa's revolutionary army take 17 US mining engineers from a train and shoot 16 of them in cold blood.

1946 UN General Assembly meets for 1st time in London.

1994 Ukraine says it will give up world's 3rd largest nuclear arsenal.

[Aktungbby]

1806 VICE-Admiral Viscount Horatio Nelson ... Please ! he never made ' admiral' and indeed had his 'vices ' notably vanity and Lady Hamilton!:arrgh!: :Kaleun_Cheers:

[Jimbuna]

1919 3 year old German communist party (Spartacus) crushed.

1923 French & Belgian troops occupy Ruhr to collect reparations.

1964 First government report warning by US Surgeon General Luther Terry that smoking may be hazardous.

[Aktungbby]

1935: Amelia Earhart flies from Honalulu Hawaii to Oakland CA, an 18hr. flight, becoming the first person to solo the Pacific Ocean!

[Jimbuna]

1816 France decrees Bonaparte family excluded from the country forever.

1945 German forces in Belgium retreat in Battle of Bulge.

1945 US Task Force 38 destroys 41 Japanese ships in Battle of South China Sea.

1948 Mahatma Gandhi begins his final fast.

1949 Dutch court affirms death sentence against SS chief Hanns Rauter.

1962 Operation Chopper begins, America's first combat mission in the Vietnam War.

1966 "Batman", starring Adam West as Batman, Burt Ward as Robin, and Cesar Romero as The Joker, debuts on ABC.

[Jimbuna]

1908 Henri Farman becomes the first person to fly an observed circuit of more than 1km, winning the Grand Prix d'Aviation.

1915 Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, presents plan for assault on Dardanelles.

1942 Allied Conference on war trials.

1942 German U-boats begin harassing shipping on US east coast.

1942 World War II: First use of aircraft ejection seat by a German test pilot in a Heinkel He 280 jet fighter.

1943 Hitler declares "Total War"

1943 US infantry captures Galloping Horse Ridge, Guadalcanal.

1992 Japan apologizes for forcing Korean women into sexual slavery during World War II

2018 Chelsea Manning, former soldier responsible for Wikileaks announces her bid to run for US Senate.

[Jimbuna]

1943 World War II: Japan begins Operation Ke, withdrawal of its troops from Guadalcanal.

1943 World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt travels from Miami to Morocco to meet with Winston Churchill, becoming the first American president to travel by airplane.

1960 US Army promotes Elvis Presley to Sergeant.

[Jimbuna]

1902 Abdulaziz Ibn Saud leads 40 men over the walls of Riyadh and takes the city, marking the beginning of the Third Saudi State.

1940 German U-Boot torpedoes Dutch merchant ship Arendskerk (Eagle's Church).

1943 First transport of Jews from Amsterdam to concentration camp Vught.

1943 World's largest office building, the Pentagon is completed.

1944 Vught Concentration Camp puts 74 women in one cell, 10 die.

1945 Red Army frees Crakow-Plaszow concentration camp.

1955 USSR ends state of war with German Federal Republic.

1991 Elizabeth II signs letters patent that allows Australia to institute its own Victoria Cross, the first Commonwealth realm to do so.

[Jimbuna]

1412 The Medici family is appointed official banker of the Papacy.

1917 "Zimmermann Telegram" is sent from Germany to Mexico, stating in the event of the US entering World War I on the allied side, Mexico would be given Texas, Arizona and New Mexico. Intercepted by British intelligence and partially deciphered by the next day. It's release in March shifts US public opinion in favor of war against Germany.

1943 Red Army recaptures Pitomnik airport at Stalingrad.

1944 General Eisenhower takes command of Allied Invasion Force in London.

1945 Adolf Hitler moves into the Fuhrerbunker, his underground bunker in Berlin.

1957 3 B-52s leave California for first non-stop round world flights.

1957 Cavern Club opens on Matthews Street in Liverpool, England, home of The Beatles' first appearance.

[Jimbuna]

1944 British corvette HMS Violet sinks U-641 in Atlantic Ocean.

1945 Auschwitz concentration camp begins evacuation.

1991 Operation Desert Storm begins, with US-led coalition forces bombing Iraq, during the Gulf War.

[Jimbuna]

1788 First elements of the First Fleet carrying 736 convicts from England to Australia arrives at Botany Bay to set up a penal colony.

1911 First shipboard landing of a plane (Tanforan Park to USS Pennsylvania).

1943 Soviets announce they have broken the long siege of Leningrad by Nazi Germany by opening a narrow land corridor, though the siege would not be fully lifted until a year later.

1973 John Cleese's final episode on "Monty Python's Flying Circus" on BBC TV.

[Jimbuna]

1783 William Pitt becomes the youngest Prime Minister of England at age 24.

1915 The first German air raids on Great Britain inflict minor casualties.

1945 The Red Army captures Lodz, Krakow, and Tarnow.

1983 Klaus Barbie, the Nazi Gestapo chief of Lyons, France, during the German occupation, is arrested in Bolivia for his crimes against humanity four decades earlier.

1993 Fleetwood Mac reunite to play “Don’t Stop” at Bill Clinton’s first Inaugural gala.

[Jimbuna]

1841 China cedes Hong Kong to the British during the first Opium War.

1879 British troops under Lord Chelmsford make camp at Isandlwana.

1921 British submarine HMS K5 (which was unusually equipped with steam turbines) sinks with 57 crew during exercises in the Bay of Biscay.

1942 Nazi officials hold notorious Wannsee conference in Berlin to organise the "final solution", the extermination of Europe's Jews.

1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt sworn-in for an unprecedented (and never to be repeated) 4th term as US President.

2009 Barack Obama, inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States of America, becomes the United States' first African-American president.

[Jimbuna]

1919 Irish militant nationalist party Sinn Fein creates its own parliament in Dublin and declares Ireland independent of Great Britain, sparking the Irish War of Independence.

1943 Soviet forces reconquer Gumrak airport near Stalingrad.

1943 Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham, Royal Navy, promoted to Admiral of the Fleet.

1944 447 German bombers attack London.

1944 649 British bombers attack Magdeburg.

1954 USS Nautilus, the first nuclear-powered submarine, launched on the Thames River in Connecticut.

1968 US B-52 bomber with nuclear bomb on board crashes in Greenland.

1976 Supersonic Concorde has its first commercial flight.

[Jimbuna]

1771 Spain cedes Falkland Islands to Britain.

1879 Zulu warriors attack British Army camp in Isandhlwana, South Africa.

1879 Battle of Rorke's Drift: British garrison of 150 holds off 3,000-4,000 Zulu warriors. Eleven Victoria Crosses and a number of other decorations were awarded to the defenders.

1941 British and Australian troops capture Tobruk from Italians.

[Aktungbby]

1879 Zulu warriors attack British Army camp in Isandhlwana, South Africa.
https://i.pinimg.com/474x/63/a0/40/63a040ce5e73fb6627013a53c004bac9--pith-helmet-steampunk-cosplay.jpghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Isandhlwana.jpg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VL_2Llgvhk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VL_2Llgvhk) "In a few seconds we distinctly saw the guns fired again, one after the other, sharp. This was done several times – a pause, and then a flash – flash! The sun was shining on the camp at the time, and then the camp looked dark, just as if a shadow was passing over it. The guns did not fire after that, and in a few minutes all the tents had disappeared." Nearly the same moment is described in a Zulu warrior's account.
"The sun turned black in the middle of the battle; we could still see it over us, or should have thought we had been fighting till evening. Then we got into the camp, and there was a great deal of smoke and firing. Afterwards the sun came out bright again." The time of the solar eclipse on that day (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_January_22,_1879) is calculated as 2:29pm. ANYWAY YOU LOOK AT IT, AN ECLIPSE IN THE MIDDLE OF A BATTLE AGAINST CONSERVATIVLY 20,OOOO CLOSE-QUARTER COMBAT TRAINED ROBUST ZULUS HAS GOT TO BE A REAL DOWNER....

[Mr Quatro]

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history

THIS DAY IN HISTORY
JANUARY 23

On this day in 1957, machines at the Wham-O toy company roll out the first batch of their aerodynamic plastic discs–now known to millions of fans all over the world as Frisbees.

The story of the Frisbee began in Bridgeport, Connecticut, where William Frisbie opened the Frisbie Pie Company in 1871. Students from nearby universities would throw the empty pie tins to each other, yelling “Frisbie!” as they let go. In 1948, Walter Frederick Morrison and his partner Warren Franscioni invented a plastic version of the disc called the “Flying Saucer” that could fly further and more accurately than the tin pie plates. After splitting with Franscioni, Morrison made an improved model in 1955 and sold it to the new toy company Wham-O as the “Pluto Platter”–an attempt to cash in on the public craze over space and Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs).

In 1958, a year after the toy’s first release, Wham-O–the company behind such top-sellers as the Hula-Hoop, the Super Ball and the Water Wiggle–changed its name to the Frisbee disc, misspelling the name of the historic pie company. A company designer, Ed Headrick, patented the design for the modern Frisbee in December 1967, adding a band of raised ridges on the disc’s surface–called the Rings–to stabilize flight. By aggressively marketing Frisbee-playing as a new sport, Wham-O sold over 100 million units of its famous toy by 1977.


Today, at least 60 manufacturers produce the flying discs–generally made out of plastic and measuring roughly 20-25 centimeters (8-10 inches) in diameter with a curved lip. The official Frisbee is owned by Mattel Toy Manufacturers, who bought the toy from Wham-O in 1994.

[Jimbuna]

1897 Elva Zona Heaster is found dead in Greenbrier County, West Virginia. Resulting murder trial of her husband perhaps only case in US history where the alleged testimony of a ghost helped secure a conviction.

1945 World War II: Karl Dönitz launches Operation Hannibal.

1962 British intellegence officer Kim Philby defects to USSR.

1968 Spy ship USS Pueblo & 83-man crew seized in Sea of Japan by North Korea.

[Jimbuna]

1915 German-British sea battle at Dogger Bank & Helgoland.

1943 Adolf Hitler orders German troops at Stalingrad to fight to the death.

1943 Jewish patients, nurses and doctors incinerated at Auschwitz-Birkenau.

1972 Japanese Sgt. Shoichi Yokoi is found hiding in a Guam jungle, where he had been since the end of World War II.

[Jimbuna]

1955 Russia ends state of war with Germany.

1969 US-North Vietnamese peace talks begin in Paris.

1974 Dr Christiaan Barnard transplants first heterotopic heart transplant (adding donor heart without removal of old).

1981 52 Americans held hostage by Iran for 444 days arrived back in US.

[Jimbuna]

1907 The Short Magazine Lee-Enfield Mk III rifle officially introduced into British Military Service, second oldest military rifle still in official use.

1932 British submarine M-2 sinks in English Channel (60 dead)

1945 Soviet forces reach Auschwitz concentration camp.

1968 Israeli submarine Dakar sinks in Mediterranean Sea, 69 die.

1998 President Bill Clinton says "I want to say one thing to the American people; I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky"

[Jimbuna]

1924 Lenin placed in Mausoleum in Red Square, Moscow.

1944 Siege of Leningrad lifted by the Soviets after 880 days and more than 2 million Russians killed.

1945 Soviet troops liberate Auschwitz and Birkenau Concentration Camps in Poland.

[Jimbuna]

1915 First US ship lost in WW I, William P Frye (carrying wheat to UK).

1942 WW II Navy flier Don Mason sends message "Sighted sub sank same"

1944 683 British bombers attack Berlin.

1944 U-271 & U-571 sunk off Ireland.

1958 The Lego company patents their design of Lego bricks, still compatible with bricks produced today.

1986 Space Shuttle Challenger explodes 73 seconds after lift off from Cape Canaveral, with all 7 crew members killed.

[Jimbuna]

1595 William Shakespeare's play "Romeo and Juliet" is thought to have been first performed. Officially published early 1597.

1856 Victoria Cross established to acknowledge valour in the face of the enemy (United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries).

1916 First bombing of Paris by German Zeppelins takes place.

1917 British submarine K13 sank in Gaire Loch, Scotland; 32 of her crew died.

1943 New Zealand minesweeper Kiwi collides with Japanese submarine I-1 at Guadalcanal.

1943 U.S. cruiser "Chicago" is heavily damaged by Japanese bombers on the first day of the Battle of Rennell Island.

1944 285 German bombers attack London.

1944 USS Missouri, the last battleship commissioned by the US Navy, is launched.

2002 US President George W. Bush in his State of the Union address describes "regimes that sponsor terror" an "Axis of Evil", which includes Iraq, Iran and North Korea.

[Aktungbby]

1917 British submarine K13 sank in Gaire Loch, Scotland; 32 of her crew died. WHAT A DREADFUL NUMBER OF ERRORS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_K13 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_K13) INCLUDING NOT LISTENING TO THE MAID: Two men were seen on the surface by Annie MacIntyre, a maid in a hotel a mile or so away, but her report was ignored. 57 hours after the accident. 32 crew died in the accident and 48 were rescued. 31 were expected to be still on the submarine, but only 29 were found, and it was concluded that the maid had indeed seen two people escaping from the engine room. They were later identified as Engineer-Lieutenant Arthur Lane and Fairfield foreman John Steel. Lane's body was recovered from the Clyde two months later, Steel's body was never found. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/K13_memoral.jpg/1024px-K13_memoral.jpg<A memorial to the disaster was erected in Carlingford, New South Wales (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlingford,_New_South_Wales), Australia, paid for by the widow of Charles Freestone, a leading telegraphist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphist) on K13 who survived the accident to later emigrate and prosper in Australia. The memorial was unveiled on 10 September 1961 and has the inscription "This memorial has been created in memory of those officers and men of the Commonwealth who gave their lives in submarines while serving the cause of freedom." Set inside a pool of water surrounded by stone, it is composed of large (taller than a man) white letters saying "K13". It is called the "K13" memorial in particular memory of those lost in HM Submarine K13.

[Jimbuna]

1661 Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is ritually executed after having been dead for two years.

1933 President Paul von Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler as Reich Chancellor of Germany who forms a government with Franz von Papen.

1939 Adolf Hitler threatens Jews during his speech to the German Reichstag (Parliament)

1943 Adolf Hitler promotes Friedrich Paulus, commander of the 6th Army, to Field Marshal in the hope that he will not surrender.

1943 USS Chicago sinks in Pacific Ocean.

1945 "Wilhelm Gustloff" torpedoed off Danzig by Soviet sub-c 9,400 die.

1965 State funeral of Winston Churchill at St Paul's Cathedral in London. Then world's largest ever state funeral.

1972 Bloody Sunday: 27 unarmed civilians are shot (14 are killed) by the British Army during a civil rights march in Derry, Northern Ireland; this is the highest death toll from a single shooting incident during 'the Troubles'

[Jimbuna]

1915 First (German) poison gas attack, against Russians.

1917 Germany notifies US that U-boats will attack neutral merchant ships.

1918 A series of accidental collisions on a misty Scottish night leads to the loss of two Royal Navy submarines with over a hundred lives, and damage to another five British warships.

1943 Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus surrenders to Soviet troops at Stalingrad.

1944 Operation-Overlord (D-Day) postponed until June.

1950 US President Harry Truman publicly announces support for the development of a hydrogen bomb.

[Jimbuna]

1587 Queen Elizabeth I of England signs death warrant for her cousin, Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots.

1917 German Großadmiral Alfred von Tirpitz announces unlimited submarine war.

1942 Second Norwegian government of Quisling forms.

1943 German occupiers make Vidkun Quisling Norwegian premier.

1945 US Army arrives at Siegfriedlinie.

1968 Saigon police chief Nguyễn Ngọc Loan executes Viet Cong officer Nguyễn Văn Lém with a pistol shot to head. The execution is captured by photographer Eddie Adams and becomes an anti-war icon.

2003 Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrates during reentry into the Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts aboard.

[Jimbuna]

1653 New Amsterdam becomes a city (later renamed New York).

1943 German 6th Army surrenders after Battle of Stalingrad in a major turning point in Europe during World War II

1954 President Eisenhower reports detonation of 1st H-bomb (done in 1952)

[Jimbuna]

1917 US liner Housatonic is sunk by German submarine, on the same day that US President Woodrow Wilson breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany.

1944 United States troops capture the Marshall Islands.

1945 Almost 1,000 Flying Fortresses drop 3,000 tons of bombs on Berlin.

1959 "The Day the Music Died" plane crash kills musicians Buddy Holly, Richie Valens, J. P. Richardson and pilot near Clear Lake Iowa.

1971 NYPD officer Frank Serpico is shot during a drug bust while his fellow officers stood outside and failed to call for assistance.

[Jimbuna]

1919 Navy Cross, Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor and Distinguished Service Medal (United States Navy) established.

1938 Adolf Hitler seizes control of German army and puts Nazis in key posts.

1945 Roosevelt, Churchill & Stalin meet at Yalta in the Crimea to discuss the final phase of the war.

2004 Mark Zuckerberg launches Facebook from his Harvard dormitory room.

[Aktungbby]

1783 Britain's King GeorgeIII declares a formal cessation of hostilities in the American Revolutionary War. In the 20 20 hindsight of the 20th century and two world wars, a brilliant decision...PERHAPS!

[Jimbuna]

1918 First US pilot to down an enemy airplane, Stephen W. Thompson.

1924 The Royal Greenwich Observatory begin broadcasting the hourly time signals known as the Greenwich Time Signal or the "BBC pips".

1969 US population reaches 200 million.

[Jimbuna]

1819 Stamford Raffles founds Singapore as a British trading port.

1919 The first day of the Weimar Republic which, because of its support of the Treaty of Versailles, does not receive proper allegiance from the German nation.

1943 First Spitfire in action above Darwin, Australia, Mu Ki-46 shot down.

1952 Queen Elizabeth II succeeds King George VI to the British throne and proclaimed Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms including Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

[Jimbuna]

1863 HMS Orpheus sinks off the coast of Auckland, New Zealand, killing 189.

1991 The IRA launches a mortar attack on 10 Downing Street during a cabinet meeting.

1992 Maastricht Treaty signed by 12 countries from the European Community (EC) to create the European Union (EU)

[Jimbuna]

1906 Without warning, Japanese torpedo boats make a night attack on Russian ships near naval base at Port Arthur, Manchuria; confusion because no declaration of war given.

1916 French cruiser "Admiral Charner" torpedoed off Syrian coast, kills 374.

1942 Japanese armored barges cross Strait of Johore to attack Singapore (WWII)

1960 Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom issued an Order-in-Council, stating that she and her family would be known as the House of Windsor, and that her descendants will take the name "Mountbatten-Windsor".

[Aktungbby]

1587: TROUBLESOME MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS, IMPRISIONED FOR 18 YEARS IS FINALLY JUDICIALLY MURDERED BY HER COUSIN QUEEN ELIZABETH I AT FATHERINGHAY CASTLE'S GREAT HALL. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Mary_Stuart_Execution1.jpg< AS SKETCHED BY EYEWITNESS ROBERT BEALE, CLERK OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL: In November 1586 he was despatched with Lord Buckhurst (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sackville,_1st_Earl_of_Dorset) to Fotheringay (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotheringay), to notify the Queen of Scots of the fact that sentence of death had been passed upon her. Early in the following year, Beale carried the warrant to Fotheringay and performed the duty of reading it aloud in the hall of the castle by way of preliminary to the execution, of which he was an eye-witness, and wrote an account.

[Jimbuna]

1916 Britain's military service act enforced (conscription).

1943 Japanese troops evacuate Guadalcanal, ends epic WWII battle on the Solomon Islands in the Pacific.

1944 U-734/U-238 sunk off Ireland.

1945 The Battle of the Atlantic: HMS Venturer sinks U-Boat 864 off the coast of Norway.

1963 First flight of Boeing 727 jet.

1969 First flight of the Boeing 747 jumbo jet.

2001 American submarine USS Greeneville accidentally strikes and sinks the Ehime-Maru, a Japanese training vessel operated by the Uwajima Fishery High School; nine the Ehime-Maru's crew members were killed, including four high school students.

[Jimbuna]

1763 Treaty of Paris ends French-Indian War, surrendering Canada to Britain.

1906 British battleship HMS Dreadnought launches after only 100 days, renders all other capital ships obsolete with its revolutionary design.

1915 US President Woodrow Wilson warns Germany that the US will hold it 'to a strict accountability' for 'property endangered or lives lost'

1915 US President Woodrow Wilson protests to Britain on the use of US flags on British merchant ships to deceive the Germans.

1916 Military conscription begins in Britain.

1918 In Finland, General Carl G. Von Mannerheim gathers an army known as the 'White Guard' to mount a counter revolution against the Bolshevik 'Red Guard'

1944 U-666/U-545/U-283 sink off Ireland.

1954 Eisenhower warns against US intervention in Vietnam.

1962 USSR swaps spy Francis Gary Power to US for Rudolph Abel.

1964 Australian destroyer HMAS Voyager sinks after colliding with aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne, killing 82.

[Jimbuna]

1943 US General Eisenhower selected to command the allied armies in Europe; British General Montgomery not best pleased.

1944 U-424 sunk off Ireland.

1946 World War II: Operation Deadlight ends after scuttling 116 of 156 captured U-boats.

[Jimbuna]

1915 Adolf Hitler receives the relatively common Iron Cross second class for bravery in World War I.

1935 First secret demonstration of radio signals detecting aircraft by Robert Watson-Watt at Daventry, England.

1938 The first 'Kindertransport' carrying Jewish refugee children from Nazi Germany arrives in Britain.

1942 German battle cruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen escape from Brest to Germany in a dash up the English Channel.

1973 First US POWs in N Vietnam released; 116 of 456 flown to Philippines.

2013 North Korea allegedly conducts its third nuclear test, saying it was a nuclear device that could be weaponized.

[Jimbuna]

1942 Hitler's Operation Sealion, the invasion of England, is cancelled.

1945 Allied planes begin bombing Dresden, Germany; a firestorm results and over 22,000 die.

1945 USSR captures Budapest, after a 49-day battle with Germany; 159,000 die.

[Jimbuna]

1797 The Battle of Cape St Vincent: British fleet under Admiral Sir John Jervis defeats larger Spanish fleet under Admiral Don José de Córdoba y Ramos near Cape St. Vincent, Portugal. Captain Horatio Nelson distinguishes himself.

1929 St Valentine's Day Massacre in Chicago, 7 gangsters killed, allegedly on Al Capone's orders.

1940 British merchant vessel fleet is armed.

1942 The Polish resistance movement, the Home Army, is formed and will eventually become the largest resistance movement in occupied Europe.

1971 Richard Nixon installs secret taping system in the White House.

[Jimbuna]

1933 President-elect Franklin Roosevelt survives assassination attempt.

1936 Adolf Hitler announces construction of the Volkswagen Beetle (the People's Car, aka the Käfer/Beetle).

1939 German battleship Bismarck is launched.

1942 British ruled Singapore surrenders to the Japanese.

1944 891 British bombers attack Berlin in the largest raid by the RAF against the city.

1944 Allies begin attack on Axis held Monte Cassino monastery, Italy.

1952 King George VI is buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England.

1989 Soviet military occupation of Afghanistan ends.

[Jimbuna]

1916 The US rejects the right of Germany and Austria-Hungary to sink armed merchant ships.

1916 The German ambassador in Washington announces that Germany will pay an indemnity for American lives lost on the Lusitania.

1923 Howard Carter opens the inner burial chamber of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb and finds the sarcophagus.

1940 British search plane finds German supply ship Altmark, used to accommodate aliied sailors from vessles sunk by the Graf Spee, off Norway.

1942 German submarines attack Aruba oil refinery.

1942 Bangka Island massacre: Japanese soldiers machine-gun 22 Australian Army nurses and 60 Australian and British soldiers and crew members from two sunken ships. Only one nurse and two soldiers survive.

1960 US nuclear submarine USS Triton set off on underwater round-world trip.

[Jimbuna]

1940 Altmark Incident: Crew of the British destroyer "Cossack" board German "Altmark" in Jøssingfjord, Norway, releasing 299 British prisoners after hand-to-hand fighting with bayonets and the last recorded Royal Naval action with cutlass.

1972 British Parliament votes to join the European Common Market.

[Jimbuna]

1901 Winston Churchill makes his maiden speech in the British House of Commons.

1977 Space Shuttle above a Boeing 747 goes on its maiden flight.

1979 Snow falls in Sahara Desert.

2016 Pope Francis questions US Presidential hopeful Donald Trump's Christianity over his call to build a wall on the Mexican border.

[Jimbuna]

1915 British fleet opens fire on Dardanelles coast.

1942 About 150 Japanese warplanes attack the Australian city of Darwin.

1945 980 Japanese soldiers reportedly killed by crocodiles in 2 days on Ramree Island, Burma.

1945 US 5th Fleet launches invasion of Iwo Jima against the Japanese with 30,000 US Marines.

[Jimbuna]

1938 UK Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden resigns stating Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain has appeased Nazi Germany.

1942 Lt E H O'Hare single-handedly shoots down five Japanese heavy bombers, becomes America's first World War II flying ace.

1959 The Avro Arrow program to design and manufacture supersonic jet fighters in Canada is cancelled by the Diefenbaker government amid much political debate.

2005 Spain becomes the first country to vote in a referendum on ratification of the proposed Constitution of the European Union, passing it by a substantial margin, but on a low turnout.

[Aktungbby]

1907: President Theodore Roosevelt signed an immigration act which excluded "idiots, imbeciles, feebleminded persons, epileptics, insane persons" from being admitted to the United States.:Kaleun_Goofy::()1:

[Mr Quatro]

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history

In a highly controversial vote on February 20, 1985, the Irish government defies the powerful Catholic Church and approves the sale of contraceptives.

Up until 1979, Irish law prohibited the importation and sale of contraceptives. In a 1973 case, McGee v. The Attorney General, the Irish Supreme Court found that a constitutional right to marital privacy covered the use of contraceptives

[Jimbuna]

1916 World War I: Battle of Verdun begins, leads to an estimated 1 million casualties.

1917 British troopship SS Mendi sinks off Isle of Wight, 646 die.

1981 "Yorkshire Ripper" Peter Sutcliffe, murderer of 13 women, captured.

1995 RAF-pilot Jo Salter is first woman to fly in a Tornado jet aircraft.

[Jimbuna]

1797 The Last Invasion of Britain by the French, begins near Fishguard, Wales.

1904 The United Kingdom sells a meteorological station on the South Orkney Islands to Argentina; the islands are subsequently claimed by the United Kingdom in 1908.

1909 Great White Fleet, first US fleet to circle the globe, returns to Virginia.

1915 Germany begins "unrestricted" submarine warfare.

1940 German air force sinks 2 German destroyers, killing 578.

1955 British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal sets sail.

1967 25,000 US and South Vietnamese troops launch Operation Junction City against the Viet Cong. Largest US airborne assault since WWII.

[Jimbuna]

1836 Alamo besieged for 13 days until March 6 by Mexican army under General Santa Anna; entire garrison eventually killed.

1916 French artillery kills entire French 72nd division at Samogneux (Battle of Verdun)

1941 Plutonium was first produced and isolated by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg.

1942 Japanese submarine fires on oil refinery in Ellwood, California.

1945 US Marines raise American flag on top of Mt. Suribachi, Iwo Jima. Photo of which by Joe Rosenthall later became iconic, inspiring the Marine Corps War Memorial sculpture.

[Jimbuna]

1868 US House of Representatives vote 126 to 47 to impeach President Andrew Johnson.

1875 The SS Gothenburg hits the Great Barrier Reef and sinks off the Australian east coast, killing approximately 100, including a number of high profile civil servants and dignitaries.

1917 German plan to get Mexican help in WW I exposed (Zimmerman telegram).

1923 Flying Scotsman goes into service.

1942 The "Battle of Los Angeles" takes place, a series of anti-aircraft engagements over the city in response to a rumored but false Japanese attack. It would last until the morning of the following day.

1981 Britain's Prince Charles announces engagement to Lady Diana Spencer.

[Jimbuna]

1797 Colonel William Tate and his force of 1,000-1,500 soldiers surrender after the Last Invasion of Britain (according to legend, to Welsh women in tall black hats, mistaken for elite guards regiment).

1836 Samuel Colt patents first multi-shot revolving-cylinder revolver, enabling the firearm to be fired multiple times without reloading.

1910 Dalai Lama flees Tibet for British India to escape Chinese troops.

1932 Austrian immigrant Adolf Hitler gets German citizenship.

1933 First genuine US aircraft carrier named, USS Ranger.

1945 US aircraft carriers attack Tokyo.

1991 US, barracks in Dhahran Saudi Arabia, hit by scud missile, kills 28.

[Jimbuna]

1797 Bank of England issues first £1 note.

1815 Napoleon Bonaparte and his supporters leave Elba to start a 100 day re-conquest of France.

1914 HMHS Britannic, sister to the Titanic, is launched at Harland & Wolff, Belfast.

1916 Germans sink French transport ship Provence II, killing 930.

1924 Trial against Hitler for treason in "Beer Hall Putsch" in Munich begins.

1935 German Luftwaffe is re-formed under Reichsmarshall Hermann Goering.

1935 RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) first demonstrated by Robert Watson-Watt.

1942 German battle cruiser Gneisenau deactivated by bomb.

1952 PM Winston Churchill announces Britain has its own atomic bomb.

1991 Coalition planes bomb Iraqi forces retreating from Kuwait during the Gulf War, killing hundreds and creating the so-called 'Highway of Death'

[Jimbuna]

1942 Battle of Java Sea began: 13 US warships sunk and 2 Japanese.

1951 22nd amendment ratified, limiting US Presidents to 2 terms.

1990 Final day of the rum ration in the Royal New Zealand Navy.

1998 Britain's House of Lords agrees to end 1,000 years of male precedence by giving a monarch's first-born daughter the same claim to the throne as any first born son.

[Jimbuna]

1844 12-inch gun aboard USS Princeton explodes, killing Secretary of State Abel P. Upshur, Secretary of the Navy Thomas Gilmer, and other high-ranking U.S. federal officials.

1854 Republican Party formally organized in Ripon, Wisconsin.

1915 WWI: After the French try to drive the Germans forces back into the Champagne region, they gain a few hundred yards - at the cost of 50,000 casualties.

1991 Gulf War ends after Iraq accepts a ceasefire following their retreat from Kuwait.

[Jimbuna]

1912 U.S. Army Captain Albert Berry performs first (attached-type) parachute jump from an airplane.

1913 David Beatty becomes Rear-Admiral Commanding the Royal Navy's 1st Battlecruiser Squadron.

1917 US government releases the plain text of the "Zimmermann Telegram" to the public.

1942 3 day Battle of Java Sea ends, US suffers a major naval defeat.

1953 Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses. He dies four days later.

1954 US explodes Castle Bravo, 15 megaton hydrogen bomb at Bikini Atoll - most powerful nuclear device ever detonated by the US.

[Jimbuna]

1882 Queen Victoria narrowly escapes assassination when Roderick Maclean shoots at her while boarding a train in Windsor.

1915 British vice admiral Sackville Hamilton Carden begins bombardment of Dardanelles forts.

1968 USAF displays Lockheed C-5A Galaxy, biggest plane in the world, with a cargo compartment 37m long.

1991 US Army controversially destroys a retreating Iraqi Republican Guard column at Rumaila Oil Field, despite a ceasefire being observed.

[Jimbuna]

1899 George Dewey becomes first in US to hold the rank of Admiral of the Navy.

1917 German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann publicly admits the "Zimmermann Telegram" is genuine. Generates support for the US declaration of war on Germany in April.

1942 First combat flight for Canadian British-built Avro Lancaster bomber.

1943 Battle of the Bismarck Sea: Australian and American air forces devastate Japanese navy convoy.

1945 RAF bombing error hits The Hague killing 511.

1980 1st nuclear submarine, USS Nautilus is decommissioned.

[Aktungbby]

1899 George Dewey becomes first(only) in US to hold the rank of Admiral of the Navy. a bit of a fluke actually: The Admiral of the Navy (abbreviated as AN) is the highest possible rank (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_leaders_by_rank) in the United States Navy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy). The rank is equated to that of a six-star admiral (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiral) and is currently one of the two highest possible operational ranks in the United States Armed Forces (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces). The rank is an admiralissimo (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralissimo)-type position which is senior to the rank of fleet admiral (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_admiral_(United_States)).
The rank has only been awarded once, to George Dewey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Dewey), in recognition of his victory at Manila Bay (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_Bay_(1898)) in 1898. On March 2, 1899, Congress approved the creation of the grade of Admiral of the Navy. On March 3, President McKinley (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley) transmitted to the Senate his nomination of Dewey for the new grade, which was approved the same day. But McKinley's nomination had used the term "Admiral in the Navy," while the act creating the new grade had used "Admiral of the Navy." On March 14, 1903, this discrepancy was addressed when President Roosevelt (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt) nominated and the Senate approved Dewey to the grade of "Admiral of the Navy," retroactive to March 2, 1899. The Navy Register of 1904 listed Dewey for the first time as "Admiral of the Navy" instead of "Admiral.''Though this clarified the grade's unique title, the precedence of the new rank was still considered "four star", equivalent to general in the army, in the US Navy Regulations of 1909. In the US Navy Regulations of 1913, perhaps in anticipation of legislation to authorize more admirals, the precedence of Admiral of the Navy had been set at the "five star" level, equivalent to a British field marshal or admiral of the fleet. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/US_Admiral_of_Navy_insignia.svg/175px-US_Admiral_of_Navy_insignia.svg.png (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Admiral_of_Navy_insignia.svg) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Navy_(United_States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Navy_(United_States)) and it was good for advertising! https://image0-rubylane.s3.amazonaws.com/0/ror/1998/12_98_nude_J/images/1_img02.jpgnot to mention America's true reflection of humanity....at the 'not so politically correct' time!:oops: http://www.learner.org/courses/amerhistory/images/archive/full/6827_fs.jpg (http://www.learner.org/courses/amerhistory/resource_archive/zoom.php?page=9&resourceID=10143)https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/G2EAAOSwhwBakJsd/s-l1600.jpglithographs are still available on ebay but I prefer to visit the original in Philadelphia and check out the Independence Seaport Museum https://scontent-sjc3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/51036526_10156163620036134_6629125139105579008_n.j pg?_nc_cat=111&_nc_ht=scontent-sjc3-1.xx&oh=c363133e00b34dc438e9a41d85d9176f&oe=5CE6A7DA<models of 'protected cruiser' USS Olympia at various career intervals!:Kaleun_Salute: http://www.phillyseaport.org/images/Ships/Cruiser%20Olympia/DSC_1090.jpgparked next to the USS Becuna (baleo class) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/USS_Becuna_SS-319_Badge.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USS_Becuna_SS-319_Badge.jpg)https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Becuna_Sub_Philly.jpg/260px-Becuna_Sub_Philly.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Becuna_Sub_Philly.jpg)

[Jimbuna]

1918 First recorded case of Spanish flu at Funston Army Camp, Kanas; start of worldwide pandemic killing 50-100 million.

1936 First flight of the airship Hindenburg at Friedrichshafen, Germany.

1944 First US bombing of Berlin.

1945 In the United Kingdom, Princess Elizabeth, later Queen Elizabeth II, joins the British Auxiliary Transport Service as a driver.

1966 John Lennon says "We (the Beatles) are more popular than Jesus"

1969 London East End gang bosses twins Ronnie and Reggie Kray are found guilty of murder. Both will die in captivity.

1970 French submarine "Eurydice" explodes off Cape Camarat in the Mediterranean, all 57 crew lost.

[Jimbuna]

1836 Samuel Colt manufactures first pistol, 34-caliber "Texas" model.

1912 Italian forces are the first to use airships for military purposes, using them for reconnaissance behind Turkish lines.

1946 Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech in Fulton, Missouri, popularizes the term and draws attention to the division of Europe.

1971 "Stairway to Heaven" by Led Zeppelin first played live at Ulster Hall, Belfast.

2018 North Korean leader Kim Jong-un meets South Korean officials for the first time since taking office, hosting a dinner in Pyongyang.

[Jimbuna]

1836 Battle of the Alamo: After 13 days of fighting 1,500-3,000 Mexican soldiers overwhelm the Texan defenders, killing 182-257 Texans including William Travis, Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett.

1899 "Aspirin" (acetylsalicylic acid) patented by Felix Hoffmann at German company Bayer.

1918 US naval boat "Cyclops" disappears in Bermuda Triangle.

1967 Stalin's daughter Svetlana Allilujeva asks for political asylum in US.

1990 SR-71 sets a transcontinental record, flying 2,404 miles in 1:08:17

1991 Following Iraq's capitulation in the Persian Gulf conflict, US President George H. W. Bush told Congress that "aggression is defeated. The war is over"

2018 American WWII aircraft carrier USS Lexington rediscovered in Australia's Coral Sea, lost during 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea.

[Jimbuna]

1935 Sir Malcolm Campbell sets world land speed record speed of 276.71 mph driving his famous Blue Bird car; last record set at Daytona Beach, Florida.

1936 Hitler breaks Treaty of Versailles by sending troops to the Rhineland.

1942 15 Mk-VB Spitfires reach Malta.

1942 First cadets graduated from flying school at Tuskegee.

1945 US 9th Armoured Division attacks Remagen Germany, crosses Rhine.

1968 The BBC broadcasts the news for the first time in color on television.

[Jimbuna]

1862 Confederate ironclad "Merrimack" launched.

1915 First US navy minelayer, Baltimore, commissioned.

1961 US nuclear submarine Patrick Henry arrives at Scottish naval base of Holy Loch from South Carolina in a record underseas journey of 66 days 22 hrs.

2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 with 239 people loses contact and disappears, prompting the most expensive search effort in history.

[Jimbuna]

1562 Kissing in public banned in Naples (punishable by death).

1841 US Supreme Court rules the kidnapped slaves from the Spanish schooner the Amistad are free.

1925 Pink's War, the first RAF operation conducted independently of the Army or Navy, begins.

1935 Adolf Hitler publically announces the creation of a new air force, the Luftwaffe.

1945 334 US B-29 Superfortresses attack Tokyo with 120,000 fire bombs.

1974 Last Japanese soldier, a guerrilla operating in Philippines, surrenders, 29 years after World War II ended.

[Jimbuna]

1944 U-575 sinks British corvette HMS Asphodel in the Atlantic Ocean killing 92 of the 97 men aboard.

1945 Tokyo on fire after night time B-29 bombings, more than 100,000 people die, mostly civilians.

[Jimbuna]

1895 Spanish cruiser Reina Regente sinks in Straits of Gibraltar, over 400 die.

1915 The British declare a blockade of all German ports.

1935 Hermann Goering officially creates the Luftwaffe (German Air Force).

1942 General MacArthur leaves Corregidor (Bataan) for Australia.

1945 1,000 allied bombers harass Essen, 4,662 ton bombs.

1945 Flemish nazi collaborator Maria Huygens sentenced to death.

1958 American B-47 accidentally drops nuclear bomb 15,000 ft on a family home in Mars Bluff, South Carolina; creates crater 75 ft across, bomb without its nuclear capsule.

1997 Ashes of Star Trek creator, Gene Roddenberry are launched into space.

2013 Falkland Islands’ sovereignty referendum: 99.8% choose to remain an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom.

[Jimbuna]

1909 Alarmed over increasing German naval strength, Parliament passes a new naval appropriations bill.

1916 French airship mistakenly attacks and sinks British submarine D3 with loss of all hands.

1917 A German submarine sinks an unarmed US merchant ship, the 'Algonquin' on the same day that US President Woodrow Wilson gives executive order to arm US merchant ships.

1938 Nazi Germany invades Austria (Anschluss).

1940 Finland signs the Moscow Peace Treaty in Moscow, surrendering to Russia and ceding 11% of their pre-WWII territory, ending the "Winter War"

[Jimbuna]

1943 Failed assassin attempt on Adolf Hitler during Smolensk-Rastenburg flight.

1968 Nerve gas accident at Skull Valley, Utah, kills 6,000 sheep.

1989 27th shuttle, Discovery 8, launched, first woman to do the countdown.

2018 US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson is fired via a tweet from President Donald Trump.

[Jimbuna]

1757 On board HMS Monarch (his own flagship), British Admiral John Byng is executed by firing squad for failing to come to aide of besieged British garrison.

1889 German Ferdinand von Zeppelin patents his "Navigable Balloon"

1915 German cruiser Dresden scuttled off Más a Tierra, Chile, having been pursued by the Royal Navy after the Battle of the Falkland Islands, with her engines worn out and virtually no coal.

1918 First concrete ship to cross the Atlantic (Faith) is launched in San Francisco.

1943 World War II: Kraków Ghetto is "liquidated"

1967 JFK's body moved from temporary grave to a permanent memorial.

1973 Future US senator John McCain is released after spending over five years in a North Vietnamese prisoner of war camp.

2018 NASA twin study finds that Scott Kelly is no longer identical to his twin brother after one year in space, 7% of his genes altered.

[Jimbuna]

44 BC Julius Caesar is stabbed to death by Brutus, Cassius and several other Roman senators on the Ides of March in Rome.

1916 Dutch merchant ship Tubantia torpedoed by German submarine & sinks in North Sea.

1930 First streamlined submarine of US navy, USS Nautilus, launched.

1939 Adolf Hitler summons Czech President Emil Hácha to a meeting in Berlin and informs him of the impending attack by Germany; Hácha suffers a heart attack and later capitulates.

1939 Reneging on his pledge in the Munich Agreement, Adolf Hitler and Germany occupy and annex Czechoslovakia.

1940 Hermann Goering says 100-200 church bells enough for Germany, smelt the rest.

1957 Great Britain becomes the third nation to explode a nuclear bomb.

[Jimbuna]

1915 British battle cruisers Inflexible & Irresistible hit mines in Dardanelles.

1935 Adolf Hitler orders German re-armament in violation of The Treaty of Versailles.

1940 German air raid on British fleet base Scapa Flow.

1944 French Vichy Internal minister Pierre Pucheu sentenced to death for treason.

1945 Würzburg, Germany is 90% destroyed, with 5,000 dead, in only 20 minutes by British bombers.

1968 My Lai massacre occurs when American soldiers kill ~400 unarmed Vietnamese civilians, in one of the most controversial incidents of the Vietnam War.

[Aktungbby]

44 BC Julius Caesar is stabbed to death by Brutus, Cassius and several other Roman senators on the Ides of March in Rome.

ET TU BRUTE? https://media2.giphy.com/media/h5hamoGRs06pW/giphy.gif?cid=3640f6095c8d41ed5768744e5981f7cd

[Jimbuna]

432 Saint Patrick, aged about 16 is captured by Irish pirates from his home in Great Britain and taken as a slave to Ireland (traditional date).

1800 British warship Queen Charlotte catches fire; 700 die.

1898 John Philip Holland achieves successful test run for the first modern submarine off Staten Island, submerging for 1 hour 40 minutes.

1942 Bełżec Concentration Camp opens with the transport of 30,000 Lublin Polish Jews.

1966 US submarine locates missing H-bomb in Mediterranean.

[Jimbuna]

1915 French battleship Bouvet explodes, 640 killed.

1944 2,500 women trample guards & floorwalkers to purchase 1,500 alarm clocks announced for sale in a Chicago Illinois department store.

1949 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Org) ratified.

[Jimbuna]

1863 Confederate cruiser SS Georgiana destroyed on her maiden voyage with a cargo of munitions, and medicines then valued over $1,000,000. Wreck discovered exactly 102 years later by teenage diver and pioneer underwater archaeologist E. Lee Spence.

1920 US Senate rejects Treaty of Versailles for 2nd time refusing to ratify League of Nations' covenant (maintaining isolation policy).

1932 The Sydney Harbour Bridge is opened.

1945 800 killed as a result of a Kamikaze attack on the USS Franklin off Japan.

1945 Adolf Hitler issues "Nero Decree" to destroy all German factories.

1982 Falklands War: Argentinian forces land on South Georgia Island, precipitating war with the U.K.

[Jimbuna]

1815 Napoleon enters Paris after escape from Elba, begins 100-day rule.

1917 After the sinking of 3 more American merchant ships, US President Woodrow Wilson meets with cabinet, who agree that war is inevitable.

1922 USS Langley is commissioned, US Navy's first aircraft carrier.

1933 Dachau the first Nazi concentration camp, is completed.

1942 General Douglas MacArthur vows "I came through and I shall return" after escaping Japanese-occupied Philippines.

[Aktungbby]

1815 Napoleon enters Paris after escape from Elba, begins 100-day rule.


1942 General Douglas MacArthur vows "I came through and I shall return" after escaping Japanese-occupied Philippines. BUT DID OL'BONEY EVER SAY "I SHALL RETURN" ?!! https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Napoleon%27s_exile_to_Elba3.jpg/800px-Napoleon%27s_exile_to_Elba3.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1945 First Japanese flying bombs (ochas) attack Okinawa.

1963 Alcatraz prison in San Francisco Bay is closed.

1983 Only known typo on Time Magazine cover (control=contol), all recalled.

1984 Soviet submarine crashes into aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk off Japan.

2014 Russia formally annexes Crimea amid international condemenation.

[Jimbuna]

1941 James Stewart is inducted into the Army, becoming the first major American movie star to wear a military uniform in World War II.

1943 SS police chief Rauter threatens to kill half Jewish children.

1944 600+ 8th Air Force bombers attack Berlin.

1944 American movie star James Stewart flies his 12th combat mission, leading the 2nd Bomb Wing in an attack on Berlin.

[Jimbuna]

1903 The Wright brothers 1st file a patent for a flying machine, which is granted 3 years later.

1944 Royal Air Force gunner Nicholas Alkemade falls 5,500 m out of a plane without a parachute over Nazi Germany and lives.

1945 Battle of Okinawa: US Navy ships bomb the Japanese island of Okinawa in preparation for the Allied invasion; it would become the largest battle of the Pacific War in World War II.

[Jimbuna]

1944 76 Allied officers escape Stalag Luft 3 (Great Escape)

1944 811 British bombers attack Berlin.

1945 Operation Varsity: In the largest one-day airborne operation of all time, British, US & Canadian paratroopers land east of the Rhine in Northern Germany.

1949 SS police chief in the Netherlands Hanns Albin Rauter's request for a pardon denied, executed by firing squad.

1982 US submarine Jacksonville collides with a Turkish freighter near Virginia.

1999 Kosovo War: NATO commences air bombardment against Yugoslavia, marking the first time NATO has attacked a sovereign country.

[Jimbuna]

1915 First submarine disaster; a US F-4 sank off Hawaii, killing 21.

1917 Canadian ace Billy Bishop claims his first victory, shooting down and mortally wounding German Leutnant Theiller.

1944 RAF Flight Sgt Nicholas Alkemade survives a jump from his Lancaster bomber from 18,000 feet over Germany without a parachute; his fall broken by pine trees and soft snow, he suffers only a sprained leg.

1958 West German parliament desires German atomic weapons.

1960 First guided missile launched from nuclear powered sub (Halibut).

1970 Concorde makes its 1st supersonic flight (700 MPH/1,127 KPH).

[Jimbuna]

1915 First submarine disaster; a US F-4 sank off Hawaii, killing 21.

1917 Canadian ace Billy Bishop claims his first victory, shooting down and mortally wounding German Leutnant Theiller.

1944 RAF Flight Sgt Nicholas Alkemade survives a jump from his Lancaster bomber from 18,000 feet over Germany without a parachute; his fall broken by pine trees and soft snow, he suffers only a sprained leg.

1958 West German parliament desires German atomic weapons.

1960 First guided missile launched from nuclear powered sub (Halibut).

1970 Concorde makes its 1st supersonic flight (700 MPH/1,127 KPH).

[Jimbuna]

1942 First "Eichmann transport" to Auschwitz & Birkenau concentration camps.

1944 705 British bombers attack Essen.

1945 Allies led by US Marine Corps secure island of Iwo Jima from Imperial Japanese Army, after 18,000 Japanese & 6,000 Americans killed.

1945 British premier Winston Churchill looks over at the Rhine (near Ginsberg).

1970 500th nuclear explosion announced by the US since 1945.

[Jimbuna]

1942 Allies raid German submarine base in St Nazaire.

1944 1,000 Jews leave Drancy, France, for Auschwitz concentration camp.

1944 2,000 Jews are murdered in Kaunas Lithuania.

1944 40 Jewish policemen in Riga, Latvia, ghetto are shot by the Gestapo.

1945 World War II: Operation Starvation, the aerial mining of Japan's ports and waterways begins.

1977 583 die in aviation's worst ever disaster when two Boeing 747s collide at Tenerife airport in Spain.

[Jimbuna]

1941 Sea battle at Cape Matapan: British fleet under Cunningham defeats Italy.

1945 Last German V-1 (buzz bomb) attack on London.

[Aktungbby]

1942:British naval forces stage a successful raid on St. Nazaire in Operation Chariot, destroying the only dry dock on the Atlantic coast capable of repairing the German's battleship Tirpitz. Ultimately the Tirpitz will sit out the war in a Norwegian fjord; useless to Nazi endeavors of sea dominance & control....:Kaleun_Salute:

[Jimbuna]

1912 Captain Robert Scott, storm-bound in a tent near South Pole, makes last entry in his diary "the end cannot be far"

1942 British cruiser HMS Trinidad torpedoes itself in the Barents Sea.

1942 British destroyer HMS Campbeltown explodes in St Nazaire: 400 Germans die.

1942 Bombing of Lübeck in World War II was the first major success for the RAF Bomber Command against Germany and a German city.

1945 Movie star Jimmy Stewart is promoted to full colonel, one of the few Americans to rise from private to colonel in four years.

1971 1st Lt William L Calley Jr found guilty in My Lai (Vietnam) massacre.

2004 The Republic of Ireland becomes the first country in the world to ban smoking in all work places, including bars and restaurants.

2017 UK Prime Minister Theresa May sends a letter to the EU invoking Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, formally triggering Brexit.

[Jimbuna]

1867 US buys Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 (2 cents an acre - Seward's Folly)

1939 The Heinkel He 100 fighter sets the world airspeed record of 463 mph.

1945 World War II: a defecting German pilot delivers a Messerschmitt Me 262A-1 to Americans.

2013 North Korea declares it is at a state of war with South Korea.

[Jimbuna]

1889 Eiffel Tower officially opens in Paris. Built for the Exposition Universelle, at 300m high it retains the record for the tallest man made structure for 41 years.

1939 Britain & France agree to support Poland if invaded by Germany.

1958 US Navy forms atomic submarine division.

1972 Final day of the rum ration in the Royal Canadian Navy.

[Jimbuna]

1873 British White Star steamship Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia, 547 die.

1905 "SOS" first adopted as a morse distress signal (· · · – – – · · ·) by German government.

1918 United Kingdom: the Royal Air Force is created from the Royal Naval Air Service and the Royal Flying Corps.

1933 Heinrich Himmler becomes Police Commander of Germany.

1933 Nazi Germany begins persecution of Jews by boycotting Jewish businesses.

1941 The Blockade Runner Badge for German Kriegsmarine is instituted.

1945 Battle of Okinawa: US ground forces invade Okinawa during World War II in the largest amphibious assault of the Pacific theatre.

1973 John Lennon and Yoko Ono form a new country with no laws or boundaries, called Nutopia, its national anthem is silence.

1986 US submarine Nathaniel Green runs aground in Irish Sea.

1992 Battleship USS Missouri, on which the Japanese surrender took place, decommissioned.

[Aktungbby]

1918 United Kingdom: the Royal Air Force is created from the Royal Naval Air Service and the Royal Flying Corps.

WIERD: 1954: Congress (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress) passed legislation in 1954 to begin the construction of the Air Force Academy, and President Eisenhower signed it into law on 1 April of that year.

[Jimbuna]

1801 Napoleonic Wars: The British led by Horatio Nelson destroy the Danish fleet in the naval Battle of Copenhagen.

1912 Titanic undergoes sea trials under its own power.

1917 US President Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to declare war against Germany.

1935 Scottish physicist Robert Watson-Watt receives a British patents for RADAR.

1942 USS Hornet with Jimmy Doolittles B-25 departs from San Francisco.

1982 Several thousand Argentine troops seize the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands from Great Britain.

[Aktungbby]

1959:the term ' beatnik' is coined bySan Francisco Chronicle columnist Herb Caen to refer to members of the pre-hippie counterculture; the term derived from the literary "Beat Generation" and the Soviet launch of the second Sputnik spacecraft...:

[Jimbuna]

1944 British dive bombers attack battle cruiser Tirpitz.

1945 Nazis begin evacuation of camp Buchenwald.

1956 German war criminals Hinrichsen, Ruhl, Siebens and Viebahn freed.

1982 UN Security Council demanded Argentina withdraw from Falkland Islands.

[Jimbuna]

1913 Greek aviator Emmanuel Argyropoulos becomes the first pilot victim of the Hellenic Air Force when his plane crashes.

1945 Hungary liberated from Nazi occupation (National Day).

1945 US forces liberated the Nazi death camp Ohrdruf in Germany.

1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) treaty signed in Washington, D.C.

1968 US civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.

1973 World Trade Center, then the world's tallest building, opens in New York (110 stories).

[Jimbuna]

1939 Membership of Hitler Youth becomes obligatory.

1943 Allies bomb Mortsel, Belgium's worse lose of life during WWII (936 civilians).

1943 Chinese steward Poon Lim is found off the coast of Brazil by a Brazilian fisherman family after being adrift 133 days, after British ship SS Benlomond torpedoed by german U-boat.

1944 140 Lancasters bomb aircraft factory in Toulouse.

1962 NASA civilian pilot Neil Armstrong takes X-15 to 54,600 m.

1992 Serbian troops begin besieging Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, which would become the longest siege in modern warfare.

[Jimbuna]

1916 German parliament approves unrestricted submarine warfare.

1917 US declares war on Germany, enters World War I

1945 Giant Japanese battleship Yamato heads to Okinawa.

[Jimbuna]

1926 Mussolini is shot at 3 times by Violet Gibson in Rome, she only hits him once in the nose.

1941 British generals O'Connor & Neame captured in North Africa.

1943 Lt colonel Claus von Stauffenberg seriously wounded at allied air raid.

1945 US planes intercept Japanese fleet heading for Okinawa on a suicide mission, super battleship Yamato & four destroyers were sunk.

1966 US recovers lost H-bomb from Mediterranean floor (whoops).

1999 The World Trade Organisation rules in favour of the United States in its long-running trade dispute with the European Union over bananas.

[Jimbuna]

1940 German battle cruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau sink British aircraft carrier Glorious.

[Jimbuna]

1916 The Libau sets sail from Germany with a cargo of 20,000 rifles to assist Irish republicans; Captain Karl Spindler changes the name of the vessel to the Aud to avoid British detection.

1940 German cruiser Blucher torpedoed and capsizes in Oslofjord, 1,000 die.

1940 Germany invades Denmark and Norway, and Denmark surrenders after a six-hour battle.

1945 Battleship Admiral Scheer sunk by RAF bombing in Kiel.

2002 Funeral of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother at Westminster Abbey UK. More than a million people line the streets.

[Jimbuna]

1858 "Big Ben", a 13.76 tonne bell, is recast at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry.

1912 RMS Titanic sets sail from Southampton for her maiden (and final) voyage.

1972 US, USSR & 70 other nations agree to ban biological weapons.

1998 The Good Friday/Belfast Agreement for Northern Ireland is signed by the British and Irish governments.

[Jimbuna]

1900 The first modern submarine designed and built by John Philip Holland is purchased by the U.S. Navy.

1912 RMS Titanic leaves Queenstown, Ireland, for NY.

1941 Germany blitzes Coventry, England.

1942 US Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal established.

1945 SS burns & shoots 1,100 at Gardelegen.

1950 US B-29 bomber shot down over Latvia.

1951 US President Harry Truman relieves General Douglas McArthur of command in Korea.

1961 Trial of Adolf Eichmann for war crimes in World War II begins in Jerusalem, Israel.

1974 WW II war criminal JP Philippa arrested.

[Jimbuna]

1935 First flight of the Bristol Blenheim.

1937 Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft at Rugby, England.

1945 Canadian troops liberate Nazi concentration camp Westerbork, Netherlands.

1961 Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first person to orbit Earth (Vostok 1)

1966 First B-52 bombing on North Vietnam.

2009 U.S. Navy rescues captain Richard Phillips, killing three pirates and capturing a fourth.

[Jimbuna]

1904 A squadron of the Russian fleet is decoyed out of Port Arthur by Japanese maneuvers, when they realize they are sailing into a trap; their battleship Petropavlovsk hits a mine and sinks, with a loss of 700 men.

1912 Royal Flying Corps forms (later Royal Air Force).

1940 Second battle of Narvik; 3 German destroyers and one U-boat sunk by the Royal Navy, 5 more German destroyers scuttled.

1960 France becomes fourth nuclear nation exploding an A-Bomb in Sahara.

[Jimbuna]

1865 US President Abraham Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater in Washington.

1912 RMS Titanic hits an iceberg at 11.40pm off Newfoundland.

1942 Destroyer Roper sinks German U-85 of US east coast.

1943 A JN-25 decrypt by American intelligence detailing a forthcoming visit by Marshal Admiral Yamamoto to Balalae Island results in his plane shot down 4 days later.

1944 General Eisenhower becomes the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force.

1945 American planes bomb Tokyo & damage the Imperial Palace.

1949 International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg's last judgment.

1960 First underwater launching of Polaris missile.

[Aktungbby]

THE GUILTY PARTY SPOTTED MORNING OF TITANIC SINKING WITH RED PAINT AT BASE https://kottke.org/plus/misc/images/titanic-iceberg.jpg<
The picture was taken the morning of April 15th, 1912, by M. Linoenewald, Chief Steward of the German liner Prinz Adalbert a few miles south of where the Titanic had gone down taking 1,517 souls with her just hours earlier. The news of the disaster hadn’t reached the liner yet, but the Chief Steward noticed red paint on the iceberg and took the photo out of interest. In a statement by Linoenewald and three other crew members, they said “on one side red paint was plainly visible, which has the appearance of having been made by the scraping of a vessel on the iceberg”. HOWEVER....But a photo of another iceberg with a red gash was taken by the captain of a ship searching for bodies in the vicinity a few weeks later. So maybe this is the bastard....This next photo was taken by a Captain De Carteret of the Minia, one of a few cable ships – vessels ordinarily used to lay deep sea cables, such as those for telecommunications – sent to the site of the shipwreck to recover corpses and debris. The captain claimed this was the only iceberg in the area, and the red paint was again a clear sign that a ship had recently struck it. There's some disagreement over whether this was the only iceberg in the area, but it certainly seems likely that something had hit it, and the odds are good that that something was the Titanic.> https://kottke.org/plus/misc/images/titanic-iceberg-alt.jpg....AND THAT'S IF TITANIC REALLY SANK AT ALL https://theunredacted.com/titanic-conspiracy-the-ship-that-never-sank/ :hmmm:

[Jimbuna]

1912 RMS Titanic sinks at 2:27 AM off Newfoundland as the band plays on, with the loss of between 1,490 and 1,635 people.

1942 George VI awards George Cross to people of Malta.

1945 British Army liberates Nazi concentration camp Bergen-Belsen.

1945 FDR buried in grounds of Hyde Park home.

1945 US troops occupy concentration camp Colditz.

1952 The maiden flight of the B-52 Stratofortress prototype.

[Jimbuna]

1945 Battle of Berlin: Red Army begins its attack on the capital of Nazi Germany.

1946 First US launch of captured V-2 rocket, White Sands, NM; 8 km alt.

1948 Organization for European Economic Cooperation (EEC) forms in Paris.

1951 British submarine Affray sank in English Channel, killing 75.

1953 British royal yacht Britannia launched by Queen Elizabeth II.

[Jimbuna]

1942 12 Lancasters bomb MAN factory in Augsburg.

1942 Operations begin to destroy Sobibor Concentration Camp.

1942 POW French General Henri Giraud escapes from his castle prison in Festung Königstein.

1961 1,400 Cuban exiles land in Bay of Pigs in a doomed attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro.

2002 Four Canadian Forces soldiers are killed in Afghanistan by friendly fire from two United States Air Force F-16s, the first deaths in a combat zone for Canada since the Korean War.

[Jimbuna]

1874 David Livingstone, African explorer, buried in Westminster Abbey.

1912 Cunard liner RMS Carpathia brings 705 survivors from the RMS Titanic to New York City.

1915 French pilot Roland Garros is shot down and glides to a landing on the German side of the lines during World War I.

1916 US Secretary of State Warns Germany that the USA may break diplomatic relations unless torpedo attacks on unarmed ships stop.

1934 Adolf Hitler names Joachim von Ribbentrop ambassador for disarmament.

1942 James Doolittle bombs Tokyo & other Japanese cities.

[Jimbuna]

1770 British explorer Captain James Cook first sights Australia.

1775 American Revolution begins in Lexington, Massachusetts. The "Shot Heard Round the World" took place in Concord later that day.

1943 Jews refuse to surrender the Warsaw Ghetto to SS officer Jürgen Stroop, who then orders its destruction, beginning the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

1951 General Douglas MacArthur ends his military career.

1967 Beatles sign a contract to stay together for 10 years (they don't).

1989 Gun turret explodes on USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.

[Aktungbby]

1989 Gun turret explodes on USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors. ON A HAPPIER NOTE: A MIGHTY 'HAZE GRAY AND UNDER WAY" BEING TOWED THRU THE CARQUINEZ STRAIT (OFF MARE ISLANDhttp://www.subsim.com/radioroom/picture.php?pictureid=9921&albumid=815&dl=1539075412&thumb=1 (http://www.subsim.com/radioroom/album.php?albumid=815&pictureid=9921)<WHERE I'LL SAIL TODAY!!:yeah:) FROM THE SUISUN GHOST FLEEThttp://www.subsim.com/radioroom/picture.php?pictureid=9613&albumid=815&dl=1507442024&thumb=1 (http://www.subsim.com/radioroom/album.php?albumid=815&pictureid=9613) ENROUTE TO HER MUSEUM BERTH IN L.A. https://cbssanfran.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/uss-iowa.jpg?w=420&h=316&crop=1TO WHERE I GOT THIS ONCE IN A LIFETIME VIEW FROM THE TOP PARAPET OF OLD FT. POINT AS SHE EXITED SAN FRANCISCO BAY'S HELL'S GATE UNDER THE GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE: http://www.subsim.com/radioroom/picture.php?albumid=815&pictureid=102721954 THE 0NLY TIME ALL FOUR IOWA'S WERE IN FORMATION>:k_confused:https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/f6/c9/7d/f6c97d5e66517f82a3313f6aedeaeda0.jpghttps://www.flickr.com/photos/konabish/6497548649/ (https://www.flickr.com/photos/konabish/6497548649/) <to enlarge) All four Iowa-class battleships steaming together (1954). Ship closest to the camera is USS Iowa (BB-61). The others are (from near to far): USS Wisconsin (BB-64), USS Missouri (BB-63) and USS New Jersey (BB-62). This was the only occasion that all four Iowa Class BB's were steaming in formation. Arguably; two years later...the most powerful surface armada the world ever saw(USS IOWA (ALLEGEDLY) HAD NUCLEAR W-23 'KATIE' SHELLS??!!)http://www.kbismarck.org/photos/mk23.jpg:arrgh!: WE SHOULD REACTIVATE ALL FOUR; PAINT THEM A LIGHT SHADE OF GRAY AND SEND THEM TO SOUTH CHINA SEA 'ON A GOODWILL TOUR'....TEDDY ROOSEVELT WOULD BE PROUD: AS "NUTHIN' DIPLOMATIC GOES OUTTA STYLE":x :O: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Us-atlantic-fleet-1907.jpg/220px-Us-atlantic-fleet-1907.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Us-atlantic-fleet-1907.jpg)<1907 (KLIK 2 ENLARGE ALL LITTLE PICS) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_White_Fleet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_White_Fleet)

[ABBAFAN]

20th April 1889, Adolf Hitler born in Braunau am Inn. Austria-Hungary.

[Jimbuna]

1814 Napoleon Bonaparte bids emotional farewell to his old guard at Palace of Fontainebleau.

1899 David Beatty is appointed executive officer of the HMS Barfleur, a small battleship and flagship of the China Station.

1918 Manfred von Richthofen, aka The Red Baron, shoots down his 79th and 80th victims marking his final victories before his death the following day.

1934 Heinrich Himmler becomes inspector Prussian secret state police.

1945 Soviet artillery begins shelling Berlin.

1999 Columbine High School massacre: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold kill 13 people and injure 24 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School, Colorado.

[Jimbuna]

1836 Battle of San Jacinto, Texas wins independence from Mexico.

1916 Ulster Protestant and Irish nationalist Sir Roger Casement lands at Tralee Bay, Ireland from a German submarine; discovered at McKenna's Fort and arrested by the Royal Irish Constabulary.

1916 The Aud, carrying a cargo of 20,000 rifles to assist Irish republicans in staging what would become the 1916 Rising, is captured by the British Navy and forced to sail towards Cork Harbour.

1918 World War I: German fighter ace Baron Manfred von Richthofen "The Red Baron", shot down and killed over Vaux sur Somme in France, Canadian pilot Arthur Roy Brown credited with the kill.

1945 Allied troops occupy German nuclear laboratory.

1989 Thousands of Chinese crowd into Beijing's Tiananmen Square cheering students demanding greater political freedom.

[Jimbuna]

1915 First military use of poison gas (chlorine, by Germany) in WW I.

1940 Rear Admiral Joseph Taussig testifies before US Senate Naval Affairs Committee that war with Japan is inevitable.

1945 Concentration Camp at Sachsenhausen liberated.

2006 Four Canadian soldiers are killed 75 kilometers north of Kandahar, Afghanistan by a roadside bomb planted by Taliban militants, the worst single day combat loss for the Canadian army since the Korean War.

[Jimbuna]

1867 Queen Victoria & Napoleon III turn down plans for a channel tunnel.

1941 Greek Army surrenders to Germany, RAF brings Greek king George II to Egypt.

1945 Concentration camp Flossenburg liberated.

1988 A Greek pedals self-powered aircraft, 74 miles.

[Jimbuna]

1184 BC The Greeks enter Troy using the Trojan Horse (traditional date).

1953 Winston Churchill knighted by Queen Elizabeth II

1967 Vietnam War: American General William Westmoreland says in a news conference that the enemy had "gained support in the United States that gives him hope that he can win politically that which he cannot win militarily."

1969 Paul McCartney says there is no truth to rumors he is dead.

1969 US B-52's drop 3,000 ton bombs at Cambodian boundary.

[Jimbuna]

1915 First landings at Gaba Tepe and Cape Helles on the Gallipoli Peninsula by ANZAC forces during WWI.

1945 Soviet forces complete their encirclement of Berlin, cutting off all access points west of the German capital.

1960 First submerged circumnavigation of Earth completed by USS submarine Triton in 60 days, 21 hours.

[Aktungbby]

1184 BC The Greeks enter Troy using the Trojan Horse (traditional date).



1915 First landings at Gaba Tepe and Cape Helles on the Gallipoli Peninsula by ANZAC forces during WWI. the 'down underers' would have done well to reread Homer as to tactics and deception...:hmmm: and I aint just 'talkin Turkey'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpg/800px-Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpgTHE BEETLING WALLS OF TROY TOOK TEN YEARS TO SURMOUNT...AND GALLIPOILI NEVER MADE IT OFF THE BEACH.... Contrary to popular opinion, the archaeological site of Troy does not embody just one ancient city. In fact, this site comprises the ruins of at least nine different settlements, built one on top of the other, dating back to the early Bronze Age. The first city was founded in the 3rd millenium BC and flourished as a mercantile city due to its location. This unique site enabled its inhabitants to control the Dardanelles (today’s Çanakkale Strait), a waterway which is used by every merchant ship passing from the Aegean Sea and heading for Black Sea. The extensive remains at this archaeological site are the most significant demonstration of the first contact between the civilizations of Anatolia and the Mediterranean world. Naturally, Troy is one of immense significance to understand the early development of European civilization at such critical stage. Moreover, Troy is of exceptional cultural importance because of the profound influence of Homer’s Iliad on the creative arts over more than two millennia.

[Jimbuna]

1945 Marshal Henri Philippe Petain, leader of France's Vichy collaborationist regime during WW II, arrested for treason.

1945 World War II: Battle of Bautzen - last successful German tank-offensive of the war and last noteworthy victory of the Wehrmacht.

1982 Argentina surrenders to Great Britain on South Georgia Island, near the Falkland Islands.

1986 World's worst nuclear disaster: 4th reactor at Chernobyl nuclear power station in USSR explodes, 31 die, radioactive contamination reaches much of Western Europe.

[Jimbuna]

1865 Steamboat "SS Sultana" explodes in the Mississippi River, killing up to 1,800 of the 2,427 passengers in the greatest maritime disaster in United States history. Most were paroled Union POWs on their way home.

1940 Himmler orders establishment of Auschwitz Concentration Camp.

1943 Witold Pilecki escapes from Auschwitz after having voluntarily been imprisoned there to gain information about the Holocaust.

1945 Italian partisans capture Benito Mussolini at Dongo (Lake Como).

1946 First radar installed aboard a commercial ship.

1960 First atomic powered electric-drive submarine launched (Tullibee).

[Jimbuna]

1770 British Captain James Cook, aboard the endeavour, lands at Botany Bay in Australia.

1789 Fletcher Christian leads a mutiny on HMS Bounty against its captain William Bligh in the South Pacific.

1919 First jump with US Army Air Corps (rip-cord type) parachute (Les Irvin).

1940 SS-Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) Rudolf Höss (not Hess, diferent Nazi) becomes commandant of concentration camp Auschwitz.

1942 German Luftwaffe estimated to have flown over 11 thousand sorties against Malta since 20th March.

1942 Nightly "dim-out" begins along US East Coast.

1944 Exercise "Tiger" ends with 750 US soldiers dead in D-Day rehearsal after their convoy ships were attacked by German torpedo boats off Slapton Sands, Devon.

1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Commander of NATO.

2018 Indian government announces electricity has now reached every Indian village.

[Jimbuna]

1945 US Army liberates 31,601 in Nazi concentration camp in Dachau, Germany.

1946 28 former Japanese leaders indicted in Tokyo as war criminals.

1975 Vietnam War: US begins to evacuate its citizens from Saigon in Operation Frequent Wind in response to advancing North Vietnamese forces, bringing an end to US involvement in the war.

1981 Peter Sutcliffe admits he is the Yorkshire Ripper (murdered 13 women).

1990 Wrecking cranes began tearing down the Berlin Wall at the Brandenburg Gate.

[Aktungbby]

1803: UNITED STATES, UNDER THOMAS JEFFERSON PAYS 15 MILLION FOR THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE FROM A CASH-STRAPPED NAPOLEON BONAPARTE The territory contained land that forms Arkansas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas), Missouri (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri), Iowa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa), Oklahoma (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma), Kansas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas), and Nebraska (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska); the portion of Minnesota (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota):yeah: west of the Mississippi River (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River); a large portion of North Dakota (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota); a large portion of South Dakota (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota); the northeastern section of New Mexico (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico); the northern portion of Texas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas); the area of Montana (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana), Wyoming (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming), and Colorado (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado) east of the Continental Divide (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Divide_of_the_Americas); Louisiana (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana) west of the Mississippi River (plus New Orleans (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Louisiana)); and small portions of land within the present Canadian provinces of Alberta (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta) and Saskatchewan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan). https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Louisiana_Purchase.png/250px-Louisiana_Purchase.png (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Louisiana_Purchase.png)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase)

[Jimbuna]

1900 Casey Jones dies heroically in a train wreck at Vaughn, Mississippi, while driving Cannonball Express (immortalized in"Ballad of Casey Jones")

1942 First submarine built on Great Lakes launched, (Peto), Manitowoc, Wisconson.

1943 Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp for Jews forms.

1945 Concentration camp Munchen-Allag freed.

1945 Lord Haw-Haw (William Joyce) calls for crusade against the Bolsheviks.

1945 Red Army opens attack on German Reichstag building in Berlin.

1945 Soviet Army frees Ravensbruck concentration camp.

1945 Record 48 U-boats sunk by the Allies this month.

1945 Adolf Hitler commits suicide along with his new wife Eva Braun in the Fuhrerbunker in Berlin as the Red Army captures the city.

[Jimbuna]

1707 Acts of Union comes into force, uniting England and Scotland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

1919 British naval officer David Beatty is promoted to Admiral of the Fleet.

1943 German plane sinks the British ship SS Erinpura in the Mediterranean with the loss of 799 lives.

1944 Messerschmitt Me 262 Sturmvogel, first jet bomber, makes first flight.

1945 About 1,000 citizens of Demmin in Germany, commit suicide provoked by occupation by Soviet Red Army.