This date in history

[Aktungbby]

1553: Lady Jane Grey age 15 is deposed as queen after a nine day reign. Initially spared by Queen 'Bloody' Mary, her cousin, because of her age, she is beheaded for treason at the Tower early in 1554...And is buried in the same chapel as Anne Boleyn at the Tower; Along with her husband and her dad, also executed.(1554)..Family squabbles can sure get grim at times.:dead: http://image2.findagrave.com/photos/2001/222/greyjane.jpg

[Aktungbby]

1861: The nation divided, the Congress of the Confederate states convened in Richmond. The government would have done better to stay at Montgomery, Alabama; Even today, any distance between D.C. and whatever is GOOD!:O: "More significantly, by locating the Southern capital so close to Washington and the North, the Confederacy essentially doomed Virginia to constant warfare. Indeed, for all of Gen. George McClellan’s famous dithering, Richmond’s proximity baited Northern forces into repeated devastating campaigns in an attempt to reach it. The New York Times wasn’t alone in editorializing that the new location would shorten the war." AND...they spent $40,000 on the move-money better spent elsewhere IMHO:hmmm: 1954: The Geneva Accords divide Viet Nam into North and South Viet Nam:hmmm: 50,000+ Americans would eventually not agree with this 'Judgement of Solomon' 1944: Claus Graf von Stauffenburg's plan to assassinate der Fuhrer (VALKYRIE) fails along tiny lines of splitting: 1) Due to an interruption by a guard and his mangled hand, he only uses only one of two bombs with British time fuses. 2) In the plywood annex building, an officer inadvertently moves the briefcased infernal device to the other side of a heavy oak table leg which effectively 'partitons' the room and the blast away from der Fuhrer. 20,000 people suffer directly as a result-either killed or sent to the camps as NAZI vengeance. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1984-079-02%2C_F%C3%BChrerhauptquartier%2C_Stauffenberg%2C_ Hitler%2C_Keitel_crop.jpg von Stauffenburg(left), Keitel and der Fuhrer-5 days previously...:nope:

[Jimbuna]

356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World.

[BossMark]

1376 - The legend of the Pied Piper of Hamelin leading rats out of town is said to have occurred on this date.

1943 - American forces led by General George S. Patton captured Palermo, Sicily.

1965 - "Till Death Us Do Part" debuted on England’s BBC-TV.

[Aktungbby]

^356 BC: for his arson attempt to gain notoriety: "Far from attempting to evade responsibility for his arson, Herostratus proudly claimed credit in an attempt to immortalize his name. To dissuade those of a similar mind, the authorities not only executed him, but attempted to condemn him to a legacy of obscurity by forbidding all mention of his name under penalty of death." Attempted censorship notwithstanding: One could say " Herostratus achieved anti-Herostatus.:doh: Hey didn't this (censorship) come up in Neil's Killer-of-the-day thread? :yep: 2011:Anders Breivik massacres 69 Norwegan youths at a retreat and detonates a bomb at Oslo killing eight others! 1934: Outside Chicago 's Biograph Theatre, notorious criminal John Dillinger--America's "Public Enemy No. 1"--is killed in a hail of bullets fired by G-men. He obviously played 'footsy' wid da lady in red...once too often:dead:http://www.celebritymorgue.com/john-dillinger/dillinger-toe-tag.jpg 2003: Former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein’s cruel and brutal sons, Qusay and Uday Hussein, are 'hasta la vista'd' after a three-hour firefight at the northern Iraqi city of Mosul; their death was celebrated among many Iraqis.:rock: 1991: Cannibal serial killer Jeffery Dahmer is captured. "When Dahmer's apartment was fully searched, a house of horrors was revealed. In addition to photo albums full of pictures of body parts, the apartment was littered with human remains: Several heads were in the refrigerator and freezer; two skulls were on top of the computer; and a 57-gallon drum containing several bodies decomposing in chemicals was found in a corner of the bedroom. There was evidence that Dahmer had been eating some of his victims.":nope: 1598: William Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice is entered on the Stationers' Register. "By decree of Queen Elizabeth I, the Stationers' Register licensed printed works, giving the Crown tight control over all published(political censorship?) material." One way or another, the Virgin Queen got her own 'pound of flesh' too!:huh: For those requiring some explanation: "In The Merchant of Venice, Shylock is a Jewish moneylender who lends money to his Christian rival, Antonio, setting the security (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_interest) at a pound of Antonio's flesh. When a bankrupt Antonio defaults on the loan, Shylock demands the pound of flesh, as revenge" Not to be outdone by the anti-semetic nature of the play, "The Nazis used Shylock for their own anti-semetic agenda. Shortly after Kristallnacht (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallnacht) in 1938, The Merchant of Venice was broadcast for propaganda ends over the German airwaves. Who better than the Bard to promote a Nazi point of view...:shifty:

[Jimbuna]

259 - St Dionysius elected as Pope, succeeding Sixtus II

[Aktungbby]

1914: At six o'clock in the evening, nearly one month after the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife by a young Gavrilo Princeps in Sarajevo, Bosnia, Baron Giesl von Gieslingen, ambassador of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to Serbia, delivers an ultimatum to the Serbian foreign ministry. The Balkan Wars are over... the Great War has just started..., 1984: 21-year-old Vanessa Williams gives up her Miss America title, the first resignation in the pageant's history, after Penthouse magazine declares to publish nude photos of the beauty queen in its September issue. A great career in show biz is actually launched! Move over Dillinger; Talk about 'ladies in Red' knockin'em dead!:03:http://static.tvgcdn.net/MediaBin/Galleries/Editorial/Old/0-2013/130429/Red_Carpet_0502/thumbs/0502-red-carpet-williams1_361x500.jpg 1962: Avoiding a Cold war showdown, the U.S. and the Soviet Union sign an agreement guaranteeing a free and neutral Laos:nope: President John F.Kennedy issued a thinly veiled threat of direct U.S. intervention in Laos if the Soviet Union didn't quit aiding the communist Pathet Lao. To little avail: 1975: shortly after victory of communist North Vietnam over South Vietnam, the Pathet Lao took control in Laos, where a communist government is in power still.:doh: 1965: Lyndon B Johnson rejects his own advisors: no ultimatum of a 'National Emergency', which might piss off the Commies,:O: in favor of a 'low key' approach to the growing political tarpit of Viet Nam.... and authorized a total of 44 U.S. battalions sent to Viet Nam...and a massive escalation of the war.:-?

[Jimbuna]

1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.

[Aktungbby]

:sign_yeah: Roger II didn't lose many; Nocera had been his first battle and he established himself as King of Sicily. A Norman by culture: By 1138 -PAYBACK- " Roger, now supported by Benevento, destroyed all the rebels' castles in the region, capturing an immense booty. Ranulf himself, who had taken refuge in Troia, his capital, was killed by a malaric fever on 30 April 1139. Later, Roger exhumed him from the Troian cathedral in which he was buried and threw him in a ditch, only to later repent and rebury him decently." Ahhh...Chivalry! OL' ROG II was king for 24 years and died at age 58 having united all Norman conquest in Italy and sent troops to the Second Crusade. He is buried at Palermo Cathedral...Mostly he notably loved money... and is ON the money!http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RogerIIofSicilySilverDucaleBrindisiMint.jpg/220px-RogerIIofSicilySilverDucaleBrindisiMint.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RogerIIofSicilySilverDucaleBrindisiMint.jpg)

[Jimbuna]

864 - The Edict of Pistres of Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings.

[Aktungbby]

^Indeed! http://www.cartoonistgroup.com/properties/hagar/art_images/cg527bf09431723.jpg (http://www.thecomicstrips.com/store/add.php?iid=103818)

[Aktungbby]

1956: the Andrea Doria collided with the Stockholm: going> http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fa/Andrea_Doria_at_Dawn.jpg Really Going> http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Sinking_of_andria_doria.jpg GONE>http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ec/ADmarschall.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Andrea_Doria (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Andrea_Doria)

[Aktungbby]

1909: Louis Bleriot (#1!) crosses the English Channel from Calais to Dover 21 miles-three wheels and three cylinders; 36 minutes and 30 seconds: Le start>http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Bleriot_pre-takeoff-25_July_1909.jpg Le flight>http://mediad.publicbroadcasting.net/p/wyso/files/styles/medium/public/201207/WSU%20Bleriot_0.jpg Le finis>http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Bleriot_and_aeroplane.jpgAnd walks away from the landing: Rule one!:up: with the 1,000 pound prize.

[Jimbuna]

657 - Battle of Siffinduring the first Muslim civil war between Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiyah I in Syria.

[Aktungbby]

Battle of Ṣiffīn, (May–July 657) , series of negotiations and skirmishes during the first Muslim civil war in northern Syria, ending in the arbitration of Adhruḥ (February 658–January 659), which undermined the authority of Ali as fourth caliph and prepared for the establishment of the Umayyad Dynasty." Here's the real rub IMHO:
"The hero of the battle began to bring on victory when Amr al-Aas on Muawiya's side said, "Call the enemy to the Word of God."
Muawiya eagerly accepted these words and his men raised 500 copies (leaves?)of the Holy Qur'an on their spears, saying that the Holy Book would decide their differences. This trick had a strange effect on some people in the army of Imam Ali, who dropped their weapons and agreed that the Holy Qur'an should decide the matter." Now if I impaled the Holy Qur'an on my spear...I'd never hear the end of it:O: Allah is not an equal opportunity impaler!:doh: Nothing changes in that 'neck of the woods'...er desert!:shucks: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=la2lx5f3E84 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=la2lx5f3E84) Urdu with subtitles-they still make movies about it!:up:

[Aktungbby]

1878: Wyatt Earp, Retired horse thief and convicted pimp, now deputy Marshall, attempting to preserve the peace in Dodge City with Jim Masterson shoots and fatally wounds George Hoy (victim#1) in Wichita KS. 1908: the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is born when U.S. Attorney General Charles Bonaparte orders a group of newly hired federal investigators to report to the Department of Justice. One year later, the Office of the Chief Examiner was renamed the Bureau of Investigation, and in 1935 it became the Federal Bureau of Investigation. 1945: War with Japan still in progress, Winston Churchill is forced to resign as British prime minister following his party's electoral defeat by the Labour Party. It was the first general election held in Britain in more than a decade. The same day, Clement Attlee, the Labour leader, is sworn in as the new PM. 1953: The Castro brothers strike their first blow against the Batista government, Fidel and Raúl Castro planned a multi-pronged attack on military installations; the rebels unsuccessfully attacked military barracks. No matter: Fidel and his brother are still around; everyone else ...is NOT:timeout: JFK on the matter:
"I believe that there is no country in the world including any and all the countries under colonial domination, where economic colonization, humiliation and exploitation were worse than in Cuba, in part owing to my country’s policies during the Batista regime. I approved the proclamation which Fidel Castro made in the Sierra Maestra, when he justifiably called for justice and especially yearned to rid Cuba of corruption. I will even go further: to some extent it is as though Batista was the incarnation of a number of sins on the part of the United States. Now we shall have to pay for those sins. In the matter of the Batista regime, I am in agreement with the first Cuban revolutionaries. That is perfectly clear."
— U.S. President John F. Kennedy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy), :hmmm: Bay of Pigs and the Cuban missile crises later? We still payin'!

[Jimbuna]

432 - St Celestine I ends his reign as Catholic Pope

[Jimbuna]

754 - Pope Stephen II, [III] makes Pippin de Korte, King of France

[Otto Fuhrmann]

Austro-Hungary declares war on Serbia - 100 years ago today.

[Aktungbby]

1540: Chief Minister, Thomas Cromwellhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cromwell%2CThomas%281EEssex%2901.jpg/250px-Cromwell%2CThomas%281EEssex%2901.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cromwell,Thomas(1EEssex)01.jpg) is beheaded on the same day (treason?) that his boss, good King Henry VIII, marries his late wife's (Anne Boleyn-beheaded (treason?) cousin, teenaged Catherine Howard, also beheaded, age 19,(treason?)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/HowardCatherine02.jpeg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HowardCatherine02.jpeg)I635: Cyrano de Bergerac, a well-endowed duelist and playwright, dies, age 36 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gravure-cyrano2.jpg/220px-Gravure-cyrano2.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gravure-cyrano2.jpg) either from a botched assassination attempt(treason?) or confinement in an asylum...no one NOSE for sure!:O:1794: Maximillien Robespierre, a firebrand of the French Revolution, goes to the :/\\chop (conspiracy against the Republic-treason?)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Robespierre.jpg/220px-Robespierre.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Robespierre.jpg) Clearly politics is a sharp-edged business!:hmmm: and the French didn't rename the month of July Thermidor (heat) for nothing!:|\\

[Jimbuna]

362 - Emperor Julianus of Constantinople ends education laws

[Aktungbby]

1914: The first continental phone service between New York and San Francisco begins. I can talk to family in the 'Big Apple':up: AND... The Cape Cod Canal opens; 162 miles of the world's largest manmade waterway w/o locks-been on the cruise thru there!:up:https://www.hylinecruises.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Hy-Line-map_canal.jpg1030: THE BIG DAY imho! Olaf Haraldsson falls in battle at Stiklstad, clearing the way for England's greatest king, Canute. Made a saint for beheading so many pagans, Olaf becomes the patron saint of Norway-leading to..."St Olaf College (Lutheran) founded by Norwegian immigrant Bernt Julius Muus (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernt_Julius_Muus) (practically a saint thereabouts:03:) in Northfield, Minnesota (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northfield,_Minnesota), in 1874. In 1973, AktungBBY graduates from St Olaf College and writes this post 984 years later:up:! Clearly the man (Olaf, not me) left his stamp on history; at least in the Faeros!?http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Faroe_stamp_280_olavur_halgi_%28st_olav%29.jpg 1588: The English, under the banner of St George, defeat the Spanish Armada with ships named for and flags of every saint imaginable at Gravelines: hence this post is written in English-not Spanish:up:: Protestants 1; Catholics 0 :up:http://www.rmg.co.uk/sites/default/files/package/6/armada/i/mainpic3.jpgIn honor of the day; a Bloody Mary with a Hamm's chaser BBY:yeah:

[BossMark]

1945 - The USS Indianapolis was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine. The ship had just delivered key components of the Hiroshima atomic bomb to the Pacific island of Tinian. Only 316 out of 1,196 men aboard survived the attack.

[Jimbuna]

579 - Benedict I ends his reign as Catholic Pope

[Aktungbby]

I think that I shall never see
A poem lovely as a tree.

A tree whose hungry mouth is prest
Against the earth's sweet flowing breast;

A tree that looks at God all day,
And lifts her leafy arms to pray;

A tree that may in summer wear
A nest of robins in her hair;

Upon whose bosom snow has lain;
Who intimately lives with rain.

Poems are made by fools like me,
But only God can make a tree.

Joyce Kilmer (http://www.poemhunter.com/joyce-kilmer/poems/)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Joyce_Kilmer.jpg/220px-Joyce_Kilmer.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joyce_Kilmer.jpg)Sergeant Joyce Kilmer: 69th "Fighting Irish"; KIA 1918, Second Battle of the Marne-Croix de Guerre

[Jimbuna]

432 - St Sixtus III begins his reign as Catholic Pope

[BossMark]

1834 - Slavery was outlawed in the British empire with an emancipation bill.

1907 - The U.S. Army established an aeronautical division that later became the U.S. Air Force.

[Jimbuna]

527 - Justinian I becomes the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire

[Wolferz]

527 - Justinian I becomes the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire

He was a well heeled fellow?:O:

[ExFishermanBob]

1922 Alexander Graham Bell dies

[Jimbuna]

257 - St Stephen I ends his reign as Catholic Pope

[Aktungbby]

He was a well heeled fellow?:O:Oh yeah! he was well heeled alright!:D as in a post above 'it's good to have a woman on the ticket': I give you one of history's greater Ass-kickers: Theodora; "Theodora, empress of the Roman (Byzantine) Empire (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire) and the wife of Emperor Justinian I (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I). She was one of the more influential and powerful empresses of Rome. Some sources mention her as empress regnant with Justinian I as her co-regent (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-regent)." During a rebellion known as the Nika Riot she held her ground when Justinian would have booked it..."Unable to control the mob, Justinian and his officials prepared to flee. At a meeting of the government council, Theodora spoke out against leaving the palace and underlined the significance of someone who died as a ruler instead of living as an exile or in hiding, saying, "royal purple is the noblest shroud" :dead: Her determined speech convinced them all, including Justinian himself, who had been preparing to run. Justinian never forgot the debt to his wife!....She barked-he heeled:woot:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Benjamin-Constant-L%27Imperatrice_Theodora_au_Colis%C3%A9e.jpg/200px-Benjamin-Constant-L%27Imperatrice_Theodora_au_Colis%C3%A9e.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benjamin-Constant-L%27Imperatrice_Theodora_au_Colis%C3%A9e.jpg)<better half of the power couple imho:up:

1922 Alexander Graham Bell dies With apologies to Samuel Morse: I imagine he found out first hand: "what hath God wrought" :hmmm: I still prefer the old rotary phones to these 'smart phones'!

1980: AktungBBY marries his better half (^oddly with a degree in communication:hmmm:)...and has been well-heeled ever since. :timeout::wah:

[Aktungbby]

1776: members of the Continental Congress begin affixing their signatures to the Declaration of Independence. I have yet to sign my AktungBBY...Its always my> http://www.yourdictionary.com/index.php/images/definitions/lg/6620.john-hancock.jpg He made it extra large so's Georgie III couldn't miss it! 1873: Andrew S. Hallidie successfully tests a cable car for the City of San Francisco-just rode one III days ago at Post and Powell ! http://www.streetcar.org/assets/uploads/cable-lines-beach-panse-thumb-300x200.jpg 1876: One of the III big dates in the history of the West (besides the Little Big Horn-the month before-and The OK Corrral): Wild Bill Hickock is shot dead in Deadwood South Dakota. To this day I never sit with my back to the door on duty, and I throw away all aces (I's) and eights (VIII's), ie the deadman's hand...Occasionally I practice with my brace (that's II) of 1851 Navy Colts...http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Dead_man%27s_hand.jpg/200px-Dead_man%27s_hand.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dead_man%27s_hand.jpg)1964: The USS Maddox suffers light damage (allegedly) with a N. Vietnamese torpedo boat in the Gulf of Tonkin-resulting the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: a long War and my very low draft (XIV) number...I Resolutely stayed in college, earning a 'gentleman's C'...staus II-S but updated to II-D (air cadet) like that other rascal: George W. Bush II:up: so I'd look good if I ever ran for dog catcher-never sit with your back to the US government either! :O:...USS Maddox DD731, the ship of fools that changed my life....somehow:yep: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h97000/h97908.jpg

[Aktungbby]

1939: History's other important signature: Albert Einstein signs the letter to FDR and atomic research ie the Manhattan Project is begun...http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Einstein-cartoon1.jpgI've been prepared to 'kiss my ass goodbye' ever since...http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tibbets-wave.jpg/240px-Tibbets-wave.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tibbets-wave.jpg)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Einstein_tongue.jpg/220px-Einstein_tongue.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Einstein_tongue.jpg)< the true nature of the beast?! imho:/\\!!

[Aktungbby]

1492: Italian explorer Christopher Columbus (http://www.history.com/topics/christopher-columbus) sets sail in command of three ships: Santa Maria, Pinta, and Nina—on a voyage to find a western sea route to China, India, and the fabled gold and spice islands of Asia. 1958: the U.S. nuclear submarine Nautilus accomplishes the first undersea voyage to the geographic North Pole. The world's first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus, dived at Point Barrow, Alaska, and traveled nearly 1,000 miles under the Arctic ice cap to reach the top of the world. It then steamed on to Iceland, pioneering a new and shorter route from the Pacific to the Atlantic and Europe...the fabled Northwest Passage! 1988: Soviet authorities free Mathias Rust, the daring young West German pilot who landed a rented Cessna on Moscow's Red Square in 1987.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/MRust.jpg/220px-MRust.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MRust.jpg) With 50 hours total flight time experience, the 18 year old set the route and helped end the Cold War! "Rust said he wanted to create an "imaginary bridge" to the East (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bloc), and he has claimed that his flight was intended to reduce tension and suspicion between the two Cold War (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War) sides. Rust's final 556 mile leg through a supposedly impregnable air defense system had great effect on the Soviet military and led to the dismissal of many senior officers, initiating the biggest military purge since the Stalin era. The incident aided Soviet leader Gorbachev in the implementation of his reforms, by allowing him to dismiss numerous military officials opposed to him, thus helping bring an end to the Cold War." Mission Accomplished BBY! And for die-hards in their mancaves: "Shortly after the incident, SubLogic (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SubLogic), the original publishers of the Flight Simulator (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Flight_Simulator) franchise, issued a scenery disk that expanded the original program's coverage area to include the Eastern Bloc (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bloc). A challenge in the expansion pack was to land in Red Square as Rust had just done.":salute:Map: the entire flight-over 2500+ miles-mostly water by the intrepid young man! http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flugroute_von_Mathias_Rust.svg/1024px-Flugroute_von_Mathias_Rust.svg.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Cessna_172_D-ECJB_of_Mathias_Rust.jpg/220px-Cessna_172_D-ECJB_of_Mathias_Rust.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cessna_172_D-ECJB_of_Mathias_Rust.jpg)the Cessna, today, in the Deutsches Technikmuseum, Berlin, as of 2008.

[Jimbuna]

1108 - Louis VI, "the Fat One," King of France, crowned.

[BossMark]

1914 - Britain declared war on Germany in World War I. The U.S. proclaimed its neutrality.

1944 - Nazi police raided a house in Amsterdam and arrested eight people. Anne Frank, a teenager at the time, was one of the people arrested. Her diary would be published after her death.

[Jimbuna]

1181 - Supernova seen in Cassiopia

[Jimbuna]

910 - The last major Viking army to raid England is defeated at the Battle of Tettenhall by the allied forces of Mercia and Wessex, led by King Edward and Earl Aethelred.

[Jimbuna]

258 - St Sixtus II ends his reign as Catholic Pope

[Jimbuna]

768 - Stephen III [IV] begins his reign as Catholic Pope

[Jimbuna]

70 - Tower of Antonia destroyed by Romans

[BossMark]

1678 - American Indians sold the Bronx to Jonas Bronck for 400 beads.

1930 - Betty Boop had her beginning in "Dizzy Dishes" created by Max Fleischer.

1936 - Jesse Owens won his fourth gold medal at the Berlin Olympics. He was the first American to win four medals in one Olympics.

1984 - Daley Thompson, of Britain, won his second successive Olympic decathlon.

[Jimbuna]

1173 - Construction of the Tower of Pisa begins, and it takes two centuries to complete.

[Torvald Von Mansee]

Jerry Garcia died. No real big surprise at the time.

http://cdn.buzznet.com/assets/users16/brittanyhagerty/default/jerry-garcia-69--large-msg-136536497878.jpg

I also remember where I was and what I was doing on this date forty years ago. That's depressing.

[Jimbuna]

654 - Pope Eugene I elected to succeed Martinus I

[Jimbuna]

1492 - Rodrigo de Borja becomes Pope Alexander VI

[Kptlt. Neuerburg]

1786: Captain Francis Light acquires the island of Penang from the Sultan of Kedah on behalf of the British East India Company, renaming it Prince of Wales Island in honour of the heir to the British throne, the first colony of the British Empire in Southeast Asia.

[Jimbuna]

1099 - Battle at Ascalon: Godfried of Broth leading the Crusaders beats Egyptians Fatimid army.

[Jimbuna]

523 - St John I begins his reign as Catholic Pope

[BossMark]

1942 Dwight D. Eisenhower is named the Anglo-American commander for Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa.

1945 Japan announces its unconditional surrender in World War 2.

1969 British troops arrived Northern Ireland in response to sectarian violence between Protestants and Roman Catholics.

[Jimbuna]

1395 - Utrecht bishop Frederik of Blankenheim occupies Coevorden.

[TarJak]

1900 Boxer Rebellion ends.

[Jimbuna]

1248 - Construction of Cologne Cathedral begun.

[Jimbuna]

1743 - Earliest boxing code of rules formulated in England (Jack Broughton)

[Kptlt. Neuerburg]

1777 The Battle of Bennington takes place between militiamen from Massachusetts and New Hampshire and a 700 man detachment from General Burgoyne's army sent to raid Bennington, Vermont for draft animals, horses and other supplies. It was a decisive victory for the rebels with the losses for the American's being 30 killed and 40 wounded and the mixed British force's losses of 207 killed and 700 captured.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bennington

[Jimbuna]

682 - St Leo II begins his reign as Catholic Pope

[Sailor Steve]

1790: The capital of the United States moved from New York City to Philadelphia.

[Jimbuna]

293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded, starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica.

[Jimbuna]

2 - Venus and Jupiter in conjunction - possible astrological explanation for Star of Bethlehem.

[Jimbuna]

959 - Erachus becomes bishop of Luik.

[Jimbuna]

565 - St Columba reported seeing monster in Loch Ness

[Jimbuna]

79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring, on the feast day of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire.

[Aktungbby]

1913: Copenhagen's 'Little Mermaid' statue is unveiled. as per the properly stringent FAQ's : "Any images with nudity are prohibited. Images in swimsuits or original war-era art are ok, as long as there is not any clear nudity. Always stay on the conservative side if you have any doubt. This forum is family safe." I have posted Vancouver's 'Girl in a Wet Suit' which conveys the concept similarly and appropriately...I have no doubt! :rock:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Girl_in_a_Wetsuit.jpg/1024px-Girl_in_a_Wetsuit.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1215 - Pope Innocent III declares Magna Carta invalid.

[Von Tonner]

:haha: The Great Moon Hoax this day back in 1835. They are born every minute.

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-great-moon-hoax

[Jimbuna]

1537 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, is formed.

[Aktungbby]

462 (http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/462) : Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle; ie 1 AM (5509 BC (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_millennium_BC)) – Creation of the world (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesis_creation_myth)...now I can set my watch!:up: 1482 (http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1482): Krim-Tataren plunders Kiev...unlike battle of Marengo, no chicken (Kiev) is served. Sounds like the same ol' goes in Ukraine today. Too many Tatars and no 'chicken in every pot'!:timeout:

[Jimbuna]

462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.

[Aktungbby]

1914: Martha, named for George Washington's wife, dies in the Cincinnati Zoo; the last known living passenger pigeon. Required reading for bird lovers: http://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2014/08/a_silver_lining_in_the_passeng.html (http://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2014/08/a_silver_lining_in_the_passeng.html) http://www.mnh.si.edu/onehundredyears/featured_objects/martha/martha_2002-3499_600w.jpg1983: A Korean Airlines Boeing 747 with 269 people was shot down by a Soviet fighter after entering Soviet airspace...a little too familiar IMHO

[Aktungbby]

44 BC (http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/44bc): Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion She did it in September?? Augustus will have a say about that...31 BC (http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/31bc): Final war of the Roman Republic: Battle of Actium - off the western coast of Greece, forces of Octavian (self-styled Augustus having his say?) defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra...one of history's greatest sea battles resultswise IMHO. 1666 (http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1666)??: Great Fire of London begins at 2am in Pudding Lane, now renamed Monument Street, 80% of London is destroyed. Remarkable year for a fire IMHO! http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/firemap.jpg

[Aktungbby]

1901: Vice President Theodore Roosevelt offers the advice "walk softly and carry a big stick" at the MINNESOTA State Fair. http://www.galls.com/photos/styles/BA059_330_1.JPG (http://www.galls.com/galls-side-handle-baton-24-inch)Best advice I ever got-goin' on 40 years!:rock:

[Wolferz]

1901: Vice President Theodore Roosevelt offers the advice "walk softly and carry a big stick" at the MINNESOTA State Fair. http://www.galls.com/photos/styles/BA059_330_1.JPG (http://www.galls.com/galls-side-handle-baton-24-inch)Best advice I ever got-goin' on 40 years!:rock:


He really said; "Speak softly but carry a big stick." Didn't he?

[Jimbuna]

301 - San Marino, one of the smallest nations in the world and the world's oldest republic still in existence, is founded by Saint Marinus.

[Aktungbby]

476 (http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/476): Romulus Augustulus, last Western Roman Emperor, is deposed by Odoacer, ending the Roman Empire in Western Europe. The Middle Ages begin. Romulus Augustus, a youth of 16, is allowed to disappear into history, a remarkable achievement for either a deposed Roman or Middle Age ruler!:salute: 1954: Icebreakers, USS Burton Island (AGB-1) and USCG Northwind, complete first transit of Northwest Passage through McClure Strait.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Map_indicating_McClure_Strait%2C_Northwest_Territo ries%2C_Canada.png

[Jimbuna]

422 - St Boniface I ends his reign as Catholic Pope.

[Aktungbby]

http://www.worldwar1.com/heritage/jpg/mtaxi3.jpg 1914: To alleviate the backlog of troops arriving by train, the military governor of Paris orders 700 cabs into service in history's first mass military vehicle convoy to ferry soldiers (5 per cab) to the battle. The Renaualt AG I, with taximeter-invented in 1891, becomes the instant legend of the Marne and the term taxi goes viral! Ferrying approximately 6,000 French reserve infantry troops to the front; the tactic worked and Paris was saved - barely. Events at the ensuing First Battle of the Marne (http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/marne1.htm) led to a throwing back of German forces, ensuring Paris' safety - and military stalemate and with it the onset of trench warfare. The military governor had nought but praise for the drivers: "Once they understood the importance of the task they had to cooperate in, the taxi drivers displayed totally remarkable fervor," he wrote in his memoirs. "They felt proud of the service asked of them, and when I asked one if he wasn't afraid of the mortars, he responded: 'we'll do like our comrades, we'll go where we have to.'"
They nevertheless got paid, even if the penny-pinching War Ministry doled out less than one-third of the paycheck at the time. The rest was paid after the war was over. History does not record the tip!!!??http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Musee-de-lArmee-IMG_0987.jpg/220px-Musee-de-lArmee-IMG_0987.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Musee-de-lArmee-IMG_0987.jpg)Renault AG I

[Jimbuna]

1628 - Puritans from Masschusetts Bay Colony land at Salem.

[Aktungbby]

1876: As a resident of Northfield, Minnesota for four years at college, who kept a checking account at First National Bank of Northfield, the bank in question, a Civil War buff extraordinaire and an aficionado of the Old West generally, this one is dear to the heart: THE GREAT NORTHFIELD RAID! In the banner year of '76, which is witness to Wild Bill Hickock's demise and the Little Big Horn 'Last Stand' of George Armstrong Custer (and his family), the demise of the James/Younger gang at Northfield, Minnesota ranks a close #3. Jessie James, in the light of revisionist history: Some recent scholars place him squarely in a post civil war context of continued guerilla operations against Unionist interests in nasty politically charged post-war Missouri rather than as simply a murderous thief and train robber. That the rabidly pro-Union Pinkertons Detectives pursued him, even to the point of bombing his mother's house, horribly wounding her and killing a sibling, tends to put this argument forward. "Allen Pinkerton, the agency's founder and leader, took on the case as a personal vendetta. He began to work with former Unionists who lived near the James family farm." Clearly the War had not ended in 1865 at Appomattox for Missouri. And that was exactly the problem on the fateful day in Northfield...Veteran ex-Yankee farmers know a 'southern white' and the look of getaway horses on sight and the charade of armed 'cattle buyers' in long duster coats didn't hold up long. "The citizens ran to their homes or places of business to grab their derringers, pistols, shotguns, and rifles. J. S. Allen ran to his hardware/gun store and began loading and handing out whatever guns he could to every passerby near his store. The citizens then all ran to various places in town, including rooftops, porches, windows, sidewalks, and more. They began randomly opening fire on the five outlaws. In a matter of seconds, Division Street became a shooting gallery, with bullets flying and zipping in every direction from every possible location." In the blaze of fury tha followed, two town folk, including the bank teller were dead; two of the gang were dead; and five wounded. A third would die during the escape as a statewide posse hunted the gang down. Only Frank and Jessie James made home to Missouri. The notorious gang was destroyed: net take $26.70!!. The bullet holes are still visible on the bank and the Jessie James Day Rugby Tournament and reenactment battle is held annually!:up: Beats the Tombstone AZ's OK Corral to pieces IMHO! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_James) http://www.angelfire.com/mi2/jamesyoungergang/northfield.html (http://www.angelfire.com/mi2/jamesyoungergang/northfield.html)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif/170px-Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jesse_and_Frank_James.gif)Frank and Jessie James: rebel: GO HOME!:03:

[Jimbuna]

1156 - Henry II Jasormigott leaves Bavaria.

[Aktungbby]

1504 (http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1504): Michelangelo (http://www.historyorb.com/people/michelangelo)'s "David" is unveiled in Florence.http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MgTuIY2SVTw/UjJAV0MUlHI/AAAAAAAAS4U/MEQbMLE95Nk/s400/michaelangelos_david_hand.jpg (http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MgTuIY2SVTw/UjJAV0MUlHI/AAAAAAAAS4U/MEQbMLE95Nk/s1600/michaelangelos_david_hand.jpg)1522 (http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1522): Spanish navigator Juan de Elcano returns to Spain: 1 ship, 19 men, and 26 tons of spices; completing 1st circumnavigation of the globe (expedition began under Ferdinand Magellan (http://www.historyorb.com/people/ferdinand-magellan)) . The ships log, meticulously kept, is discovered to be off by one day due to the rotation of the earth vs an west-to-east circumnavidgation of the globe; A native of the Malaccas in the crew, Magellan's own (technically) freed slave, Enrique-an interpreter, becomes the first person to circumnavigate the planet, happily escaping the ill-fated expedition at the Mollucas, and causing further European deaths in the process.http://cdn.theawl.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/statue-e1343673717290.jpgEnrique's statue at the Maritime Museum of Malacca http://www.theawl.com/2012/07/the-slave-who-circumnavigated-the-world (http://www.theawl.com/2012/07/the-slave-who-circumnavigated-the-world) A little too late for Magellan, long dead in the Philippines... whose will mentioned Enrique:" And by this my present will and testament, I declare and ordain as free and quit of every obligation of captivity, subjection, and slavery, my captured slave Enrique, mulatto, native of the city of Malacca, of the age of twenty-six years more or less, that from the day of my death thenceforward for ever the said Enrique may be free and manumitted, and quit, exempt, and relieved of every obligation of slavery and subjection, that he may act as he desires and thinks fit; and I desire that of my estate there may be given to the said Enrique the sum of ten thousand maravedis in money for his support; and this manumission I grant because he is a Christian, and that he may pray to God for my soul."!?? :timeout: YA THINK!

[Aktungbby]

1156 - Henry II Jasormigott leaves Bavaria.
HE SURE DID!! And always moving UP at that: "Henry II (1107– 1177), called Jasomirgott, was the Count Palatine of the Rhine (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_Palatinate) from 1140 to 1141, the Margrave of Austria (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_of_Austria) from 1141 to 1156, the Duke of Bavaria (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria) from 1141 to 1156 as Henry XI, and the Duke of Austria (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Austria) from 1156 to 1177. He was a member of the House of Babenberg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Babenberg). Henry's nickname, Jasomirgott, was first documented during the 13th century in the form of Jochsamergott, the meaning of which is unclear. According to one theory, it is derived from an Arab word bearing a connection to the Second Crusade, where Henry participated in 1146. According to a popular etymology, it is derived from the formula Ja so mir Gott helfe (meaning: "Yes, so help me God")." Henry's brother was the important chronicler, Otto of Freising (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_of_Freising)...considering the sticky nature of Rhineland politics, Obviously, Ol' Hank kept 'good with the Lord' and had great (brotherly?) press releases.:woot:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Stift_Heiligenkreuz_-_Babenbergerfenster_2_Heinrich.jpg/220px-Stift_Heiligenkreuz_-_Babenbergerfenster_2_Heinrich.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stift_Heiligenkreuz_-_Babenbergerfenster_2_Heinrich.jpg) Henry II's sunnyside:sunny:WIKIpedia shed light on this! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Austria (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Austria)

[Jimbuna]

Haven't you twice asked this thread to be deleted?

[Aktungbby]

1000: Battle of Svolder, Baltic Sea. King Olaf (Not St Olaf-that's another guy) on board the Long Serpent defeated in one of the greatest naval battles of the Viking Age. 11 ships to 70, the king tried to swim for it...in his armor:oops::dead: His death at the hands of the Danish king Sweyn I, the Swedish king Olaf Skötkonung, and Eric the Norwegian, earl of Lade...Valhalla fer sure BBY!:up: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Faroese_stamp_562_Ormurin_langi.jpg

[Jimbuna]

422 - St Celestine I begins his reign as Catholic Pope

[Aktungbby]

1814: Francis Scott Key writes poem:"Defence of Ft McHenry" of British naval bombardment; One of the vessels is the HMS Terror possibly just discovered this week in the Northwest Passage. Poem becomes "Star Spangled Banner". 1861: The first naval engagement of the Civil War takes place as the USS Colorado sinks the privateer CSA Judah off Pensacola FL. and spikes one gun at the Pensacola NAvy Yard, losing three men. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a1/USS_Colorado%2C_1871.jpg USS Colorado. footnote to history and new one for me: Colorado cruised on the Asiatic Station from 9 April 1870-15 March 1873. As flagship for Rear Admiral (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear_Admiral_(United_States))John Rodgers' (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rodgers_(American_Civil_War_naval_officer)) squadron, she carried the U.S. Minister (to China and Korea) on a diplomatic mission in April 1871. On 1 June 1871, an unprovoked attack was made on two ships of the squadron by shore batteries from two Korean forts on the Salee River (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salee_River_(Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1). When no explanation was offered, a punitive expedition was mounted that destroyed the forts and inflicted heavy casualties on the Koreans.:hmmm: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_expedition_to_Korea (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_expedition_to_Korea) 1964: It all begins for me! The premier of ABC's '"Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea" Hokey!!? you betcha, but our underwater adventures never looked back!:03: USOS Seaview: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f8/USOS_Seaview.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1904 - Wilbur Wright makes his 1st airplane flight.

[Sailor Steve]

1904 - Wilbur Wright makes his 1st airplane flight.
That is incorrect. On December 14, 1903 the Wright brothers were ready to make their first flight. Wilbur won the coin toss to determine who would be first. That attempt ended with a bit of pilot error and a damaged Flyer. The next day it poured rain all day, and the brothers had promised their Methodist Bishop father, Milton Wright, that they wouldn't fly on Sunday.

On Monday the 17th it was Orville's turn, and he made their first successful flight. The second flight was made by Wilbur, flight three by Orville and flight four by Wilbur again. So, like his brother, Wilbur Wright also made his first flight (and his second) on December 17, 1903.

[Jimbuna]

Apparently so :)

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/wright.htm

http://history1900s.about.com/od/firstflight/a/Wright-Brothers.htm

http://s13.postimg.org/9re41hwlz/image.jpg (http://postimage.org/)

[BossMark]

1931-The last mutiny in the Royal Navy - the Invergordon mutiny over pay cuts - ends peacefully.

[Rhodes]

1934 - Donald Duck is "born"! Happy Birthday Donald:salute:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Donald_Duck.svg/220px-Donald_Duck.svg.png

[Jimbuna]

1942 - Japanese attack on Port Moresby repelled.

[Aktungbby]

1830 (http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1830): Oliver Wendell Holmes writes "Old Ironsides" Inspirational poem keeps oldest commissioned warship, USS Constitution, afloat! I write thesis on frigates and make model circa 1969 as my interest in all things naval grows! http://l3.yimg.com/bt/api/res/1.2/6kSsUdkVJXqrHjyCQLTcqQ--/YXBwaWQ9eW5ld3M7Zmk9ZmlsbDtoPTgwMDtweW9mZj0wO3E9Nz U7dz01MzM-/http://media.zenfs.com/en_us/News/ap_webfeeds/dbe41b675a43bc17180f6a706700b666.jpg1891: http://i.historyorb.com/karl-donitz.jpgKarl Dönitz (http://www.historyorb.com/people/karl-donitz), German naval leader is born! Y'all are readin' this post!:subsim: 1873 (http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1873): German troops leave France under the reparation terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt-ending the Franco-Prussian War "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Okupacja1871.png/220px-Okupacja1871.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Okupacja1871.png)"Germany annexed the French provinces of Alsace (excluding Belfort) and Lorraine; the French were also ordered to pay an indemnity of five billion francs. German troops occupied France until September 1873, when the amount had been paid in full. The Franco-Prussian War and the nearly three years of German occupation that followed marked the beginning of a growing enmity between anxious France, its influence and power in decline, and striving Germany, a technologically and industrially superior nation that by the first decade of the 20th century had built the most powerful land army on the European continent. In the summer of 1914, this rivalry would explode into full-scale global warfare, pitting France and the Allies against Germany and the Central Powers in the most devastating conflict the world had yet seen." The Treaty of Versailles and WWII will be the result! This post is thus in English!

[Jimbuna]

335 - Church of Holy Sepulchre initiated in Jerusalem.

[BossMark]

1941-A railway explosion is faked by the Japanese as a pretext for the invasion of Manchuria, China.

1942-Nazi minister of justice Otto Thierack agrees to the 'extermination through labour' (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/genocide/launch_ani_auschwitz_map.shtml) of 'asocials'.

[Torvald Von Mansee]

1970 - Jimi Hendrix dies.

I am pretty sure this photo is from the day before:

http://www.jimihendrix.com/sites/jhendrix/files/140822_hearmytrain_cover.jpg?1408733101

[Jimbuna]

1809 - Royal Opera House in London opens.

[Aktungbby]

1356: English forces under The Black Prince defeat French at Battle of Poitiers and capture the French King during the Hundred Years War. 1827: After a duel turns into an all-out brawl, Jim Bowie disembowels a banker in Alexandria, LA with an early version of his famous Bowie knife. Two of history's more notorious hackers and hewers reputations made on this day. At least the Black Prince was considered Chivalrous, and was in fact the first member of the Order of the Garter...poor Jim Bowie would have to wait until the Alamo in Texas, 9 years later, to earn his heroic laurels...

[Jimbuna]

1893 - New Zealand is first country to grant all women the right to vote.

[Wolferz]

1893 - New Zealand is first country to grant all women the right to vote.

Nine months later their population exploded.:03::O:

[STEED]

Operation Market Garden

Battle of Arnhem



http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-29292319


A good effort but logistic problems and against the clock stood against it.


Never the less.:salute:

[Aktungbby]

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/redcoats-kill-sleeping-americans-in-paoli-massacre (http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/redcoats-kill-sleeping-americans-in-paoli-massacre) "On the evening of September 20, 1777, near Paoli, Pennsylvania (http://www.history.com/topics/pennsylvania), General Charles Grey(no Flint Grey) and nearly 5,000 British soldiers launch a surprise attack on a small regiment of Patriot troops commanded by General Anthony Wayne in what becomes known as the Paoli Massacre. Not wanting to lose the element of surprise, Grey ordered his troops to empty their muskets and to use only bayonets or swords to attack the sleeping Americans under the cover of darkness.
With the help of a Loyalist spy who provided a secret password and led them to the camp, General Grey and the British launched the successful attack on the unsuspecting men of the Pennsylvania regiment, stabbing them to death as they slept. It was also alleged that the British soldiers took no prisoners during the attack, stabbing or setting fire to those who tried to surrender. Before it was over, nearly 200 Americans were killed or wounded. The Paoli Massacre became a rallying cry for the Americans against British atrocities for the rest of the war.
Less than two years later, Wayne became known as "Mad Anthony" for his bravery leading an impressive Patriot assault on British cliff-side fortifications at Stony Point on the Hudson River, 12 miles from West Point. Like Grey's attack at Paoli, Wayne's men only used bayonets in the 30-minute night attack, which resulted in 94 dead and 472 captured British soldiers." My folks owned a home in Paoli for over thirty years.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/1stEarlGrey.jpg/220px-1stEarlGrey.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1stEarlGrey.jpg) 'No flint' Grey KB http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Anthony_Wayne%2C_uniform.jpg/220px-Anthony_Wayne%2C_uniform.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anthony_Wayne,_uniform.jpg) 'Mad Anthony' Wayne; what's in a name Eh?

[Jimbuna]

1621 - King James I of England gives Sir Alexander Sterling royal charter for colonisation of Nova Scotia.

[Aktungbby]

1779: A big day in American Naval History! The battle of Flamborough Head; John Paul Jones and Captain Sir Richard Pearson's small squadrons go head to head! American self-adulation aside ...The truth:
"The battle between Bonhomme Richard and Serapis off Flamborough Head in 1779 is a perfect example of the dual mission of a navy: to protect one’s own maritime shipping and stopping the enemy’s use of the sea for commerce. And, it is a battle in which both protagonists were victors, but only one of which truly accomplished his mission.
Captain Richard Pearson’s mission was to protect a valuable Baltic convoy of some forty ships carrying vital naval stores. Ships built, repaired, or sailing from those stores were needed to put down the rebellion in Britain’s thirteen American colonies; supply the troops, blockade the American coast, prevent attacks on shipping like those of Jones and hundreds of privateers, and at the same time protect England’s far-flung maritime interests. Pearson, undoubtedly, accomplished his mission; none of the ships in the convoy were captured, and the loss of one or two warships was little price to pay for getting the convoy safely home.
Pearson was lucky; always a useful attribute in battle.:hmmm: What would have been if Alliance and Vengeance had been more aggressive. Jones, at the time of the battle, had four ships with him, Pearson had two. Throughout the battle, the two British ships fought single ship actions, leaving two American vessels unengaged. Could these two ships not have caught up with some of the ships in the convoy? Captured some? Or driven some ashore? Jones was certainly not well served by some of the captains of the vessels in his squadron.
Jones in Bonhomme Richard did gain a notable victory over HMS Serapis, but his mission was not to fight enemy warships." WORTH A READ and detailed for 'age of sail' fans: http://www.usna.edu/Users/oceano/pguth/website/shipwrecks/battle_lesson/battle_lesson.htm (http://www.usna.edu/Users/oceano/pguth/website/shipwrecks/battle_lesson/battle_lesson.htm) http://www.usna.edu/Users/oceano/pguth/website/shipwrecks/battle_lesson/Elliott%20Battle.jpg Much ramming and back-winding of sails and ferocious close-quarters action...TO NO AVAIL... the entire 40 vessel Baltic convoy got away!

[BossMark]

1914-In the Alsace-Lorraine area between France and Germany, the German Army captures St. Mihiel.

1915-Bulgaria mobilizes troops on the Serbian border.

1929-The first flight using only instruments is completed by U.S. Army pilot James Doolittle.

[Jimbuna]

312 - Start of Imperial Indication.

[Aktungbby]

1066: The Battle of Stamford Bridge turns England on its final course culturally into the medieval age.; An English army, under King Harold Godwinson beats the invading Norwegians, led by King Harald Hardrada and Harold's brother, Saxon traitor Tostig, who were both killed. Three weeks later Harold will die fighting the Normans at Hastings. England ends Norwegian Viking incusions permanently...sort of.. the Norman-French under William the duke of Normandy were also Viking... descendants of Hrålf the 'Ganger'.
The painting pretty well tells it; the Vikings were caught unprepared without their armor-a case of victory fever from their initial successes. The numbers are a little grim even by the standards of the brutal times: "So many died in an area so small that the field was said to have been still whitened with bleached bones 50 years after the battle. King Harold accepted a truce with the surviving Norwegians, including Harald's son Olaf (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_III_of_Norway) and Paul Thorfinnsson (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_and_Erlend_Thorfinnsson), Earl of Orkney (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Orkney). They were allowed to leave after giving pledges not to attack England again. The losses the Norwegians had suffered were so horrific that only 24 ships from the fleet of over 300 were needed to carry the survivors away." An amphibious naval failure of over 90% :hmmm:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Arbo_-_Battle_of_Stamford_Bridge_%281870%29.jpg/800px-Arbo_-_Battle_of_Stamford_Bridge_%281870%29.jpg (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Arbo_-_Battle_of_Stamford_Bridge_%281870%29.jpg)http://www.myarmoury.com/images/features/pic_battle_stamford01_s.jpg (http://www.myarmoury.com/#)

[Jimbuna]

1513 - Vasco Nunez de Balboa is first European to see Pacific Ocean.

[Jimbuna]

1580 - Frances Drake completes circumnavigation of the world, sailing into Plymouth aboard the Golden Hind.

[Aktungbby]

1940: "the Axis powers are formed as Germany, Italy, and Japan become allies with the signing of the Tripartite Pact in Berlin. The Pact provided for mutual assistance should any of the signatories suffer attack by any nation not already involved in the war. This formalizing of the alliance was aimed directly at "neutral" America--designed to force the United States (http://www.history.com/topics/states) to think twice before venturing in on the side of the Allies.
The Pact also recognized the two spheres of influence. Japan acknowledged "the leadership of Germany and Italy in the establishment of a new order in Europe," while Japan was granted lordship over "Greater East Asia." In November 1940, Austria-Hungary will become the 'fourth signatory' but Tripartite apparently just sounds better!?:hmmm: 1822: Jean-François Champollion announces that he has deciphered the Rosetta stone; We're all 'speakin' in tongues' now BBY!:yeah:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Rosetta_Stone.JPG/270px-Rosetta_Stone.JPG (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rosetta_Stone.JPG)<This leads to> http://www.fluentin3months.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/cd.jpgToo bad the Tripartite Powers didn't speak the same language?!! Would'a saved confusion:O:

[Jimbuna]

1066 - William the Conqueror's troops set sail for England.

[Aktungbby]

http://www.bayeuxtapestry.org.uk/Images/Bayeux/bayeux18.jpgPics or it didn't happen!:D:O:

[Aktungbby]

1854: The first great disaster involving a passenger vessel on the trans-Atlantic route. SS Arctic sinks off Newfoundland after colliding with the French steamer Vesta which had watertight bulkheads and made it to safety. Of 400 people only 86 survived!. "Arctic's lifeboat capacity was around 180, enough for less than half those on board; the boats were launched in an atmosphere of panic and disorder, and the principle of "women and children first" was ignored. From around 400 on board (250 passengers, 150 crew). Captain Luce's first thought was to give assistance to the stricken Vesta, which appeared in danger of sinking, but when he was told that his own ship was holed beneath the waterline, he decided to make for the nearest land. As attempts to plug the leaks failed, Arctic's hull steadily filled with sea water. In accordance with the maritime regulations then in force, Arctic carried six lifeboats, the total capacity of which was around 180. Luce ordered these launched, but a breakdown in discipline among the crew meant that most places in the boats were taken by members of the crew or by the more able-bodied passengers. The rest were left with makeshift rafts, or were unable to leave the ship and went down with her when she sank, four hours after the collision.:timeout: Two of the six lifeboats that left Arctic safely reached the Newfoundland shore, and another was picked by a passing steamer which also rescued a few survivors from improvised rafts. Among these was Captain Luce, who had regained the surface after initially going down with the ship!.:salute: The other three boats disappeared without trace. In all, more than 300 lives were lost; the 85 survivors included 61 of the crew and 24 male passengers. All the women and children on board perished." News of Arctic's loss: As the full story emerged, sorrow at the ship's loss turned to condemnation of the perceived cowardice of the crew, and their failure of duty towards their passengers. The matter of improved regulations was never pursued...that would come 58 years later...:hmmm: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Arctic (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Arctic) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Wreck_of_the_U.S.M._steam_ship_%22Arctic%22_%28one-third-size%29.png/1024px-Wreck_of_the_U.S.M._steam_ship_%22Arctic%22_%28one-third-size%29.png

[Aktungbby]

1066: William Duke of Normandyhttp://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/fileadmin/historyLearningSite/bayeau9.jpg accomplishes history's greatest amphibious operation(for results derived thereof:/\\!!) and lands lands at Pevensey en route to Hastings...http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/BayeuxTapestryScene39.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/BayeuxTapestryScene40.jpg

[Aktungbby]

If imitation is the sincere form of flattery, William's invasion was closely studied for the Allies D-Day invasion. The Overlord Embroidery at the Portsmouth D-Day museum, emulates the nearly thousand year old Bayeux Tapestry panels. Watercolors, from which the embroidery was made, hang in the Pentagon. The work was five painstaking years in creation; the brilliance speaks for itself! IMHO good things don't go outta style!:up: Some of the panels:http://www.popularpatchwork.com/sites/4/images/article_images_month/2009-05/overlord7.jpghttp://www.popularpatchwork.com/sites/4/images/article_images_month/2009-05/overlord5.jpg

[Jimbuna]

935 - Saint Wenceslas is murdered by his brother, Boleslaus I of Bohemia.

[Aktungbby]

480 BC: Battle of Salamis: The Greek fleet under Themistocles defeats the Persian fleet under Xerxes I. One of recorded history's top five critical naval battles... After Salamis, up to Alexander the Great's conquest, things never go well for the Persian Empire in wars with Greece.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Battle_of_salamis.png

[Rhodes]

Mafalda is "born"! Happy Birthday!
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[Jimbuna]

522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills Magian usurper Gaumâta, securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.

[Aktungbby]

1939: British and French prime ministers Neville Chamberlain and Edouard Daladier sign the Munich Pact with Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. Later that day, Chamberlain flew home to Britain, where he addressed a jubilant crowd in London and praised the Munich Pact for bringing "peace with honor" and "peace in our time." We've been happy ever since; with a little 'blood, toil, tears, and sweat' along the way...:o

[Jimbuna]

331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.

[HunterICX]

1964 - Tōkaidō Shinkansen opened the first Shinkansen line in japan marking the beginning of the high speed Rail.

[Jimbuna]

1187 - Sultan Saladin captures Jerusalem from Crusaders.

[Aktungbby]

1950: the comic strip Peanuts created by Charles M. Shultz, A (fellow)Minneapolis MINNESTOA boy of German-Norwegian extraction:yeah:!!, is syndicated to seven newspapers. Mid 1950's; my dad builds a Sopwith Camel and Fokker DRI model, launching my lifelong WWI obsession and Cessna 172 time at next-door Sonoma County..http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cc/Snoopy_wwi_ace_lb.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Snoopy_wwi_ace_lb.jpg) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f6/Charles_M._Schulz_-_Sonoma_County_Airport_%28logo%29.pngoccasionally I don my ol' CCM Tacks(owned since '69!) and skate at the local arena-Zamboni fever I tell ya!.http://s3-media2.fl.yelpcdn.com/bphoto/Pnc-nAoCLyBrxRuHbBbuDg/l.jpg The fun thing about history is knowing your place in it!:doh: "Schulz summed up Snoopy's character in a 1997 interview: "He has to retreat into his fanciful world in order to survive. Otherwise, he leads kind of a dull, miserable life. I don't envy dogs the lives they have to live." IE: the subsimmer in his mancave?!!:woot:

[Jimbuna]

2333 BC - The state of Gojoseon (Modern-day Korea) founded by Dangun Wanggeom during the reign of the Chinese Emperor Yao.

[Aktungbby]

1995: OJ Simpson declared innocent of murder of his former wife. 2008: OJ Simpson found guilty of armed robbery 9-33 years prison. 1789: George Washington, the Father of his Country, declares November 26, 1789, a day of Thanksgiving for the creation of America. 1863: Abraham Lincoln, the Great Emancipator, declares the last Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day...either way- my favorite (2 day) holiday!http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/78/Freedom_from_Want.jpgaptly portrayed by Norman Rockwell IMHO

[Jimbuna]

1363 - End of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the Chinese rebel forces of Zhu Yuanzhang defeat that of his rival, Chen Youliang, in one of the largest naval battles in history.

[BossMark]

1936-The Jarrow March (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/britain_wwone/jarrow_01.shtml) begins when 200 men from impoverished Tyneside march to lobby parliament for work.

[Aktungbby]

1863: Confederate sub David damages Union ship Ironsides."CSS David, a 50-foot steam torpedo boat of "cigar-shaped" hull design and four crewmen, built at Charleston, South Carolina, in 1863 under the supervision of David C. Ebaugh. After being taken over by the Confederate States Navy, she made a daring spar torpedo attack on the Federal ironclad New Ironsides (http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-n/new-irns.htm) on the night of 5 October 1863. The Union ship was damaged with a huge hole in her side, though able to remain on station due to timely seamanship. David was nearly lost when the splash from her torpedo's explosion swamped her powerplant. However, her engineer was able to get her underway, allowing her to escape back to Charleston. (Might explain the Hunley disaster mystery as well)
David attacked the Federal gunboat Memphis (http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-m/memphis.htm) in March 1864 and the frigate Wabash (http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-w/wabash.htm) on 18 April of that year, but without results.
One 'little David' was sometimes used as a towing vessel for the Hunley. The David was designed to ride very low in the water and attack by ramming a spar torpedo. However, she was not a true submarine as the Hunley-she had an open cockpit and was powered by a small steam boiler. Some claim that the davids used water filled ballast tanks to ride low in the water, however, the builder described filling the hull with thousands of pounds of iron to lower the water line." Retouched Photo: USS New Ironsides>http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h95000/h95018.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/CSS_David_drawing.jpg
http://www.charlestonillustrated.com/hunley/images/David_surface1.jpgthat's lower than a U-boat on a night surface attack IMHO http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qozSl58ZBEE (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qozSl58ZBEE)

[Jimbuna]

1962 - Beatles release their 1st record "Love Me Do".

[Aktungbby]

1854: "The Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead was a tragic and spectacular series of events in which a substantial amount of property in the two towns was destroyed in a series offires and an explosion which killed 53 and injured upwards of 500. A big part of the initial problem: "The building was extensive, reaching to seven floors, and capable of holding an immense amount of goods. It was at the time used to store 2800 tons of sulphur (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur), 128 tons of nitrate of soda (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_nitrate), and other combustibles (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustibility). It was in part "a double fire-proof structure", with massive metal pillars and every due precaution against fire for the time... From the various floors of the warehouse the sulphur flowed in torrents like streams of lava (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava), and the building resembled "a cataract on fire". Yet at this point the occurrence had borne no aspect other than that of a fearful blaze, a tremendous firestorm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firestorm) sufficiently serious of itself, and altogether unprecedented in the annals of the district. Two small explosions occurred and then: The final explosion occurred at 3:10 AM. The vaults of the warehouse were burst open with a tremendous and terrific explosion, heard 20 miles (32 km) away. Vessels on the river lifted as if lashed by a sudden storm. The old bridge shook, and the new quivered. Massive walls were crumbled into heaps, houses tumbled into ruins. The venerable church, on the hill, was shattered to a wreck. Gravestone were broken and uplifted. The hands on the dial of its clock stood at ten minutes past three. Damages exceeded not less than £500,000. The crater, 50' wide/40' deep, was estimated to have been caused by the equivalent of 8 tons of gunpowder! Aside from the sulphur which interacted with the nitrate of soda which then liquefied in the fire, there were no oils, no naphtha (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphtha) nor oils of vitriol..." (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid)Thank heavens for that- I'll just stick with earthquakes at 3:20 AM fer sure! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_fire_of_Newcastle_and_Gateshead (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_fire_of_Newcastle_and_Gateshead) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Newcastle_and_Gateshead_Great_Fire_1854_-_Bonded_warehouse_-_Bonded_warehouse_-_Illustrated_London_News.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1927 - "Jazz Singer," 1st movie with a sound track, premieres (NYC).

[Aktungbby]

1960: The first episode of the one-hour television drama "Route 66"airs on CBS. The program had a simple premise: That AktungBBY would come along....and improve on the concept...! :k_confused::03:
http://www.weirdus.com/states/utah/stories/route_666/1_small.jpgHow 'bout a lift?:Kaleun_Salivating:

[Aktungbby]

1871: The most devastating fire in American history is ignited in Peshtigo, Wisconsin. Over two days, up to 2,500 people lost their lives and 2 billion trees/3.5 million acres were consumed by flames. The forest would be lifeless for a quarter-century...some lucky ones made it to water-some simply committed suicide. The news was overshadowed by The Great Chicago Fire the next day! http://exploringoffthebeatenpath.com/Parks/PeshtigoFire/FireMural.jpg"Peshtigo wasn't just destroyed. It was totally burned by a fire of biblical proportions; a firestorm very much like Dresden and Tokyo in World War II. It literally created its own weather: fire tornadoes picked up rail cars and burning trees larger than telephone poles. Survivors later remarked that "...this must be what Hell looks like."... there was nothing left but ashes. There was no way to fight it and nowhere to run from it."" http://www.sfu.ca/geog/geog351fall06/group06/fire1871.htm (http://www.sfu.ca/geog/geog351fall06/group06/fire1871.htm) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshtigo_Fire (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshtigo_Fire)http://www.sfu.ca/geog/geog351fall06/group06/fire1871_files/picture5.jpg<what it really must have looked like-firescience 101. I CAN'T OUT-RUN THAT:dead:http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wioconto/PeshtigoFullFireMapOnly.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1571 - Battle of Lepanto: Holy League of southern European nations destroys Ottoman fleet in significant loss off Western Greece.

[Aktungbby]

1918: Corporal Alvin C. York reportedly kills over 20 German soldiers and captures an additional 132 at the head of a squad in the Argonne Forest of WWI-France. After experiencing a religious conversion, he became a fundamentalist Christian around 1915. In 1917, when the United States entered WWI, York was drafted into the U.S. Army... After being denied conscientious-objector status-In April 1919, York was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. :salute: 1957: Bible-school dropout, Jerry Lee Lewis (The Killer) laid down tracks of "Great Balls Of Fire," after battling with his conscience and with Sam Phillips, head of Sun Records. When Jerry Lee began arguing with Sam Phillips that the song was too sinful for him to record: ""How can the devil save souls?...I got the devil in me!" American Graffiti-Soundtrack and the biopic flic: Great Balls of Fire would follow. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jt0mg8Z09SY (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jt0mg8Z09SY) but never outdo #1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yRdDnrB5kM (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yRdDnrB5kM) :03:

[Jimbuna]

1000 - Leif Ericson discovers "Vinland" (possibly L'Anse aux Meadows, Canada) reputedly becoming first European to reach North America.

[Aktungbby]

732: Charles Martel, a Frankish Christian, defeats the Moors at Tours. The Muslim governor of Cordoba is killed. Charles Martel's descendants including grandson Charlemagne establish a vast European Christian kingdom across Europe.

[BossMark]

680-Caliph Yazid kills his rival Hussein at Karbala. Hussein's martyrdom makes the city holy to Shiites.

1903-Emmeline Pankhurst forms the Women's Social and Political Union to fight for women's rights in Britain.

1967-The Outer Space Treaty - the basic legal framework of international space law - enters into force.

[Jimbuna]

1957 - A fire at the Windscale nuclear plant in Cumbria, UK becomes the world's first major nuclear accident.

[Aktungbby]

1776: American Revolution: "A British fleet under Sir Guy Carleton defeats 15 American gunboats under the command of Brigadier General Benedict Arnold at the Battle of Valcour Island on Lake Champlain, New York. Although nearly all of Arnold's 15 gunboats were destroyed, it took more than two days for the British, with 12 prefabricated heavily armed vessels to destroy the American Flotilla force, delaying Carleton's campaign and giving the Rebel ground forces adequate time to prepare a crucial defense of New York. One of the British vessels, 180 ton-18 twelve pounder armed sloop, HMS Inflexible, alone, out-gunned Arnold's entire fleet of smaller, often single-gun oared gondolas and gunboats. Superior firepower notwithstanding, Carleton was forced to reconsider his plans. Weather conditions quickly deteriorating, Carleton had no other choice but to retreat back into Canada to his winter quarters, effectively ending the British threat from the north until at least the spring of 1777. Benedict Arnold, a skilled soldier (and a good admiral), whose reputation would forever be sullied by his later actions, had constructed the first American naval fleet. While Valcour Island resulted in a tactical victory for the British, the battle proved to be a strategic victory for the Americans. For the cost of 80 men dead, 120 captured, and the destruction of 11 his fleet, Arnold disrupted the British invasion timetable from Canada. Causing the British to postpone their plans until next spring, Arnold bought the rebels time to gather strength and resources that would be utilized at the Battle of Saratoga, the turning point in the War of Independence. One hundred years later, Alfred Thayer Mahan, the great Naval theorist himself, observed: “the little American navy was wiped out, but never had any force lived to better purpose.”" https://armyhistory.org/buying-time-the-battle-of-valcour-island/ (https://armyhistory.org/buying-time-the-battle-of-valcour-island/) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/GunboatPhiladelphia.jpgUSS? Philadelphia: The oldest American fighting vessel in existence raised in 1935. A model of the armed Gundelow Philadelphia>http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/USSPhiladelphiaModel.jpg

[BossMark]

1492-Christopher Columbus lands in the Bahamas and is credited as the first European to reach the Americas.

1899-Boer forces invade Natal and Cape Colony, South Africa, igniting the Second Boer War with Britain.

1915-British nurse Edith Cavell is shot by the Germans for aiding the escape of Allied prisoners of war.

[Jimbuna]

1999 - The Day of Six Billion: the proclaimed 6 billionth living human in the world is born.

[Aktungbby]

1812: the War of 1812, British and Indian forces, 300 fearsome Mohawks, under Sir Isaac Brock defeat Americans under General Stephen Van Rensselaer at the Battle of Queenstown Heights, on the Niagara frontier in Ontario, Canada. The British victory, effectively ended any further U.S. invasion of Canada. Sir Isaac Brock, Britain's most talented general in the war, was killed during the battle.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Battle_of_Queenston_Heights.jpg The American amphibious operation across the Niagra River ended badly: 100 killed and 900 captured-Canada would remain British!:salute: LT COL Winfield Scott: later victor of the Mexican War (Governor of Mexico City!) and Commanding General of the Army and architect of the Civil War's Anaconda plan, participated; was captured-and presumably learned something of the 'art of War'...if only what not to do! If ya can't kick butt to the North...go South??!:doh:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Scott-anaconda.jpg/250px-Scott-anaconda.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scott-anaconda.jpg)the Civil War's Big Plan :hmmm:

[Jimbuna]

1066 - Battle of Hastings, Duke William of Normandy and Norman army defeat English forces of Harold II

[Aktungbby]

The heavy cavalry charge vs the shield-wall of fearsome axe wielding Huscarles=no joy for horse or man!:doh:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Normans_Bayeux.jpgThe fighting, even by the standard of the time, WAS BRUTAl! Rumors of Duke William's death caused a momentary panic, and he uncovered his helmet to show his face and demonstrate he was still alive and so continue the all day battlehttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/BayeuxTapestryScene55.jpg A stringent follower of Christ??! and to look good in the tapestry:up:, William's half-brother Bishop ODO--later the riche$t man in English history from his vast new fiefdom winnings:hmmm: fought with a club "so as not to draw blood" in keeping with his churchman's vows; commendable morality I tell ya!:timeout:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Odo_bayeux_tapestry_detail.jpg/320px-Odo_bayeux_tapestry_detail.jpg The battle ends with the death of Harold II with an arrow in the eye at nightfall (although this has been disputed)-a moral end to a man who according to the political document that the Bayeux Tapestry essentially is, had broken his his knight's oath to William and so came to a bad end. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bayeux_Tapestry_scene57_Harold_death.jpg/800px-Bayeux_Tapestry_scene57_Harold_death.jpgConversely , the tapestry, a Norman creation, is unique inasmuch as it gives great credit to both Norman and Saxon courage and chivalrous valor instead of the customary propaganda against a defeated opponent. Good PR??! BOTTOM LINE: history's most successful amphibious operation in terms of swift enduring results....NO IMHO about it!

[Aktungbby]

1890: Dwight D. Eisenhower, the guy responsible for the amphibious operation in the opposite direction; ie the Normandy Invasion 878 years later, is born in Denison Texas! And suitably portrayed in the Overlord Tapestry in his own right!. LESSON # 1: if you're Amphibing the Channel-one way or t'other- have a good embroiderer!:up: http://www.popularpatchwork.com/sites/4/images/article_images_month/2009-05/overlord7.jpg $$ say's they're discussing 'splicing the mainbrace'! Except GEN Montgomery:"The Montgomery cocktail is a martini mixed at a ratio of 15:1, facetiously named that because Montgomery supposedly refused to go into battle unless his numerical advantage was at least that high. Ironically, following severe internal injuries received in the First World War, Montgomery himself could neither smoke nor drink." Ike certainly studied his tapestries and famously showed his face to the troops also! 6/5/44: The majority of the men in this photo, Co E 502 Paratroop Regiment, were killed or wounded in battle a few hours later.
http://www.historyaddict.com/ike101st.jpg (http://www.campbell.army.mil/3502/world_war_ii.htm)

[Jimbuna]

1815 - Napoleon Bonaparte arrives on island of St Helena to begin his exile.

[Aktungbby]

1815 - Napoleon Bonaparte arrives on island of St Helena to begin his exile.

Putting paid to the palindrôme "Able was I ere' I saw Elba!" :O:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palindrome (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palindrome)

1860: 11 year-old Grace Bedell writes a letter to presidential candidate Abraham Lincoln suggesting he could improve his rugged appearance by growing a beard....the rest is history!! Grace: Oct/15/1960: "Hon A B Lincoln...Dear Sir My father has just home from the fair and brought home your picture and Mr. Hamlin's. I am a little girl only 11 years old, but want you should be President of the United States very much so I hope you wont think me very bold to write to such a great man as you are. Have you any little girls about as large as I am if so give them my love and tell her to write to me if you cannot answer this letter. I have yet got four brothers and part of them will vote for you any way and if you let your whiskers grow I will try and get the rest of them to vote for you you would look a great deal better for your face is so thin. All the ladies like whiskers and they would tease their husbands to vote for you and then you would be President. My father is going to vote for you and if I was a man I would vote for you to but I will try to get every one to vote for you that I can I think that rail fence around your picture makes it look very pretty I have got a little baby sister she is nine weeks old and is just as cunning as can be. When you direct your letter direct to Grace Bedell Westfield Chautauqua County New York.I must not write any more answer this letter right off Good bye; Grace Bedell" Lincoln's swift response('right off'): Oct/19/1860: "Springfield, Ill Oct 19,1860 Miss Grace Bedell My dear little Miss; Your very agreeable letter of the 15th is received. I regret the necessity of saying I have no daughters. I have three sons – one seventeen, one nine, and one seven, years of age. They, with their mother, constitute my whole family. As to the whiskers, having never worn any, do you not think people would call it a silly affection if I were to begin it now?Your very sincere well wisher, A. Lincoln" FEB/1861: VOILA! http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Lincoln_O-43_by_German%2C_1861.jpg/197px-Lincoln_O-43_by_German%2C_1861.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lincoln_O-43_by_German,_1861.jpg)<4 months later enroute to his inauguration, a transformed Lincoln met the young lady on the train station platform amid thousands who had turned out. Recalled Ms Bedell:"" He climbed down and sat down with me on the edge of the station platform," "'Gracie,' he said, 'look at my whiskers. I have been growing them for you.' Then he kissed me. I never saw him again."http://www.washingtondc-go.com/img/lincoln-memorial/facts/1.bust.290x434.jpg

[Aktungbby]

1859: Abolitionist John Brown, fresh from 'bleeding Kansas', leads a small group raid against a federal armory in Harpers Ferry, Virginia attempting to start an armed slave revolt and destroy the institution of slavery. A company of U.S. marines, led by Colonel Robert E. Lee, on the morning of October 19, overran Brown and his followers. Ten of his men including two of his sons, were killed. The wounded Brown was tried by the state of Virginia for treason and murder. As he went to the gallows on December 2, he handed a note to his guard: "I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood." It was a prophetic statement. His abolitionist martyrdom lent itself to the marching tune of soldiers with the stanza: "John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave, His soul is marching on! He's gone to be a soldier in the army of the Lord," which morphed into "The Battle Hymn of the Republic". Black Union troops, marching to it, with perhaps better insight into the true nature of the struggle, particularly favored the tune. RULE #1 of warfare: Never create a martyr your oppressed slaves (with muskets) are gonna sing about!:doh: The photo captures it all IMHO: the prophetic ferver is self-evident...and stayed with him till the trapdoor opened, and the first trampling of 'the vintage where the grapes of wrath were stored'....was set unflinchingly in motion. Talk about leading from the front! http://thumbs.media.smithsonianmag.com//filer/John-Brown-daguerreotype-631.jpg__800x600_q85_crop.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1813 - Battle of Leipzig, largest battle in Europe prior to WWI, Napoleon's forces defeated by Prussia, Austria & Russia.

[Aktungbby]

1906: Wilhelm Voigt, a 57-year-old German shoemaker, impersonates an army officer and misleads an entire squad of soldiers to help him steal 4,000 marks from the mayor's office in Köpenick. Voigt, who had a long criminal record, humiliated the German army by exploiting their blind obedience to authority and getting them to assist in his audacious robbery. The public was positively amused by the daring of the culprit. Although he served two years in prison, he became a volkhero as The Captain of Köpenick , a play, and was pardoned by Kaiser Wilhelm II. His book: How I became the Captain of Köpenick, made him well-off. Wearing the captain's uniform, he posed for pictures for years. He' still doing it>http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/DPAG-20060902-HauptmannKoepenick.jpg/220px-DPAG-20060902-HauptmannKoepenick.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DPAG-20060902-HauptmannKoepenick.jpg) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Hauptmann_K%C3%B6penick.JPG/220px-Hauptmann_K%C3%B6penick.JPG (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hauptmann_K%C3%B6penick.JPG)A statue of Wilhelm Voigt as the Captain of Köpenick at Köpenick city Hall where the caper took place.

[Jimbuna]

539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost 70 years of exile and making the first Human Rights Declaration.

[Aktungbby]

1814: In the London parish of St Giles, then a tenement slum, an huge vat belonging to the Meux and Company Horse Shoe Brewery stood, close to the corner of Great Russell Street and Tottenham Court Road. "Large ageing vats were built as matter of prestige amid competing breweries. Late in the afternoon at the Horse Shoe, an 800lb iron restraining hoop fell off one of the 7 meter high vats, which was full to the brim with 3,550 barrels (more than a million pints) of finest 10-month-old Meux’s aging Porter. About an hour later the wooden staves of the vat burst asunder. The resulting flood of beer, weighing close to 600 tons, plus wood and metal from the vat knocked out the wall of the brewery and gushed into the street, destroying more vessels which were holding about another 1200 barrels of beer. The 'suds sunami', flooded the cellars of surrounding houses, and even some street-level rooms up to ceiling height. It’s said that wave of beer was 15 feet high. A 14-year-old barmaid in a next door tavern, and seven other people died as a direct result of the accident. The deaths of five mourners occurred at a wake being held in a nearby cellar, including the mother of the deceased." Talk about BYOB here "At the subsequent investigation, the jury verdict was: that the unfortunate neighbours had met their deaths ‘casually, accidentally and by misfortune’. In short, this was deemed an act of God for which nobody was to blame. Meux brewery suffered great financial loss from the tragedy. An estimated £23,000 of beer had gone to waste. However, the company successfully claimed back the £7,000 excise duty on the lost beer, which had already been paid." Priorities I tell YA!:timeout: http://zythophile.wordpress.com/2010/10/17/so-what-really-happened-on-october-17-1814/ (http://zythophile.wordpress.com/2010/10/17/so-what-really-happened-on-october-17-1814/) http://cdn.londonist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/beerflood.jpg

[BossMark]

1813-The Allies defeat Napoleon Bonaparte at Leipzig.

1867- The Alaska territory is formally transferred to the U.S. from Russian control.

1883-The weather station at the top of Ben Nevis, Scotland, the highest mountain in Britain, is declared open. Weather stations were set up on the tops of mountains all over Europe and the Eastern United States in order to gather information for the new weather forecasts.

[Jimbuna]

1878 - Edison makes electricity available for household use.

[Aktungbby]

In actually selecting what I'll pick thread-wise: both for interest(IMHO); zaniness(IMHO) and some modicum of cruciality to history(IMHO), this one sorta stuck out ...just a tad! 1929: Women are considered "Persons" under Canadian law. Women are finally declared "persons" under Canadian law. The historic legal victory is due to the persistence of five Alberta women -- Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Irene Parlby, Louise McKinney and Henrietta Muir Edwards. The battle started in 1916. From Murphy's very first day as a judge, lawyers had challenged her rulings because she is not a "person" under Canadian law. By 1927, the women had garnered support all across Canada. They petitioned the nation's Supreme Court. After five weeks of debate, the appeal was unanimously denied. Shocked, the women take the fight to the Privy Council of the British government; in those days it was Canada's highest court. Until then, Women had been defined in English Common law as persons in mattters of 'pain and penalty' but not in matters of 'rights and priveleges' http://www.canadian-studies.net/lccs/LJCS/Vol_17/Hughes.pdf (http://www.canadian-studies.net/lccs/LJCS/Vol_17/Hughes.pdf)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/The_Valiant_Five_Statue.jpg<the 'Famous Five'http://feministphilosophers.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/famousfivebill4.jpg?w=300&h=145 (http://feministphilosophers.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/famousfivebill4.jpg)the Canadian $50 has been redesigned to show the icebreaker Amundesen ....setting off some feminist alarm:..."Private Employees President Carol Furlong. “The battle that these women fought to have women recognized under the law as people is a crucial part of our country’s history. The decision to remove a reference to these women, their struggle and their historic accomplishment from the new 50 dollar bill should be reversed.”:hmmm: Nice to know though, the population of Canada is 100% persons...Eh!

[Jimbuna]

1781 - British General Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown at 2 pm; US Revolutionary War ends.

[Aktungbby]

-All things on land are tactical! And so it is with Yorktown. This being a Naval forum it is well to set the record very straight. Absent from the victors' ranks was an officer who had done as much as anyone to bring about that moment, but had yet to set foot on the continent, Francois Joseph Paul, Comte de Grasse. Commanding officer of the French fleet, de Grasse was on his flagship, the Ville de Paris, too sick to witness the surrender. Six weeks earlier, he had denied British Admiral Thomas Graves's fleet entrance to the Chesapeake Bay. Their battle at sea off the Virginia Capes had sealed the fate of Lord Cornwallis and forced the capitulation of the last operational British army on the mainland. De Grasse's strategic vision, "made possible the most important naval victory of the 18th century." http://www.americanrevolution.org/degrasse.html (http://www.americanrevolution.org/degrasse.html) King George III was under NO illusions about the battle of the Virginia Capes: wrote (well before learning of Cornwallis's surrender) that "after the knowledge of the defeat of our fleet I nearly think the empire ruined." George Washington himself, ever master of his own image, until informed of the French Naval strategic intentiions of 1781, had been mis-focused on recapturing New York; reoriented swiftly and marching 490 miles to Yorktown and victory, put it succinctly in writing to Congress:" I wish it was in my Power to express to Congress, how much I feel myself indebted to The Count de Grasse and the Officers of the Fleet under his Command for the distinguished Aid and Support which have been afforded by them; between whom, and the Army, the most happy Concurrence of Sentiments and Views have subsisted, and from whom, every possible Cooperation has been experienced, which the most harmonious Intercourse could afford." http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Comte_De_Grasse_gravure_couleur.jpeg 9/5/1781: The real daddy of it all! The MAN, the MOMENT, the MACHINE (the French Fleet) =Yorktown! Amazingly, though he spent but two months in American waters he never set foot on American soil! The big view> http://www.ohwy.com/history%20pictures/maps/rev-battle-capes.jpg"No land force can act decisively unless it is accompanied by maritime superiority" ---General George Washington :up:

[Jimbuna]

1097 - 1st Crusaders arrive in Antioch (First Crusade).

[Aktungbby]

1797: The USS Constitution, a 44-gun U.S. Navy frigate built to fight Barbary pirates off the coast of Tripoli, is launched in Boston Harbor. As seen 10/17/2014 (last Friday) before going into dry dock. She fired a 17 gun salute!http://media.salon.com/2014/10/constitution-dry-dock.jpeg-620x412.jpg (http://media.salon.com/2014/10/constitution-dry-dock.jpeg-1280x960.jpg) 1805: In one of the most decisive naval battles in history, a British fleet under Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar, fought off the coast of Spain. following on his previous great victory at Aboukir Bay, Nelson insured that Napoleon would remain a land animal....For the Duke of Wellington and 'general' Winter to finish off by 1815.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Nelson_On_His_Column_-_Trafalgar_Square_-_London_-_240404.jpg/640px-Nelson_On_His_Column_-_Trafalgar_Square_-_London_-_240404.jpg 1918: On this day in 1918, a German U-boat submarine, UB-94, commanded by KaptLt Waldemar Haumann, fires the last torpedo of WWI, as Germany ceases its policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. The final German torpedo of World War I fired in home waters was fired in the Irish Sea on October 21, sinking the British Saint Barchan, a 362 ton armed steamer, and drowning its eight crewmen. Her location is a well known dive site 4 miles off St John's Point Ireland at 30 meters depth. The UB-94 actually had a very extended career as the French submarine Trinite-Schillmans and was broken up in 1935.:salute:

[Jimbuna]

1854 - Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses were sent to the Crimean War.

[Jimbuna]

1879 - Thomas Edison perfects carbonized cotton filament light bulb.

[Aktungbby]

:sign_yeah:^ Engendering a bit of stiff competition over incandescent braggadocio it seems!:up: Why can't someone make an incandescent light bulb that lasts? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest-lasting_light_bulbs (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest-lasting_light_bulbs)
It turns out, someone has. "The world's longest lasting light bulb (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_bulb) is the Centennial Light (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centennial_Light).It is maintained by the Livermore Fire Department. The fire department claims that the bulb is at least 110 years old and has only been turned off a handful of times. The bulb has been noted by The Guinness Book of World Records (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Records), Ripley's Believe It or Not! (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripley%27s_Believe_It_or_Not!), and General Electric (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric) as being the world's longest-lasting light bulb. http://www.centennialbulb.org/bulb-out/bulb-on-barry-s.jpg (http://www.centennialbulb.org/bulb-out/bulb-on-barry.jpg)
While it might seem astonishing that so many longest-lasting light bulbs have been so infrequently turned off, this is the precise reason for their longevity. Most of the wear and tear that leads to burnouts in incandescent light bulbs is caused by turning them on and off, not by burning them. Each time the bulb is turned on and off, the filament is heated and cooled. This causes the material of the filament to expand and contract, in turn causing tiny stress cracks to develop. The more the light is turned on and off, the larger these cracks grow, until eventually the filament breaks at some point, causing the light to burn out Another reason for the longevity of bulbs is the size and quality of the filament." http://www.centennialbulb.org/images/cb3s.jpg FYI: If you'd like to see it firsthand, come to: Fire Station #6
4550 East Ave.
Livermore, CA:yeah:http://www.centennialbulb.org/books/guiness2013-1s.jpg (http://www.centennialbulb.org/guiness.htm)

[Jimbuna]

2001 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army of Northern Ireland commences disarmament after peace talks.

[Aktungbby]

1777: Battle of Fort Mifflin begins on the Delaware River: a British Royal Navy fleet of ships, trying to open up supply lines along the Delaware River and the occupying British army in Philadelphia, is bombarded by American cannon fire and artillery from Fort Mifflin, PA. located on an island.
Six British ships were severely damaged, including the 64-gun battleship HMS Augusta and the 20-gun sloop Merlin, which both suffered direct hits before they were run aground and subsequently destroyed. More than 60 British troops aboard the Augusta were killed, while the crewmembers aboard the Merlin abandoned ship, narrowly avoiding a similar fate. Victory was short lived; within a month on Nov. 16, General Cornwallis occupied the heavily damaged abandoned fort and insured supplies to British troops in Philadelphia-while the Americans froze at Valley Forge. The siege left 250 of the 406 to 450 men garrisoned at the Fort Mifflin killed or wounded in the war's heaviest bombardment!! Survivors ferried these dead and wounded to the mainland before the final evacuation. Fort Mifflin never again saw military combat action... HMS Augusta-64 gun ship-of-the-line. Not good to lose!http://www.wrecksite.eu/img/nav/wreck.gifhttp://www.wrecksite.eu/img/nav/wreck.gif http://www.wrecksite.eu/img/wrecks/t750.jpg Ft. Mifflin today:http://www.civilwaralbum.com/misc8/2007/fortmifflin4.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/HessianMapMudIsland.jpg/250px-HessianMapMudIsland.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HessianMapMudIsland.jpg)http://www.wrecksite.eu/img/nav/wreck.gifhttp://www.civilwaralbum.com/misc8/mifflin1.htm (http://www.civilwaralbum.com/misc8/mifflin1.htm)http://www.wrecksite.eu/img/nav/wreck.gif

[Jimbuna]

1857 - World's first soccer club, Sheffield F C, founded in Yorkshire, England.

[Aktungbby]

1992: The Toronto Blue Jays beat the Atlanta Braves in the sixth game of the World Series to win the championship. It was the first time a Canadian team had ever won the trophy, and it was a truly international victory—the Blue Jays’ 25-man roster included several players of Puerto Rican descent, a Jamaican, three Dominicans and no actual Canadians. They would win it again the following year 1993! Sounds a bit how we won the America's Cup-international talent! EH! I admit to some bias-my mom's parents were from Brockville Canada a suburb of Toronto :up: 1901: On her birthday, a 63-year-old(my age) schoolteacher named Annie Edson Taylor becomes the first person to plunge over Niagra Falls in a barrel. Hoping to achieve fame and fortune, Taylor strapped herself into a leather harness inside an old wooden pickle barrel five feet high and three feet in diameter. Pressurized with a bike pump and corked; with cushions to break her fall, towed by a small boat into the middle of the fast-flowing Niagara River and released...:doh: Of 15 copy-cat (speaking of which, a cat was used to test the barrel-it also survived) attempts, 10 of 15 NUTS have survived although it is illegal...on either side of the falls....http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Annie_Taylor.jpg/220px-Annie_Taylor.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Annie_Taylor.jpg) "If it was with my dying breath, I would caution anyone against attempting the feat... I would sooner walk up to the mouth of a cannon, knowing it was going to blow me to pieces than make another trip over the Fall." We'll take her word for it! Annie died in 1921 in poverty, her manager stole all the money and the barrel !

[Jimbuna]

1854 - Charge of Light Brigade (Battle of Balaclava, Crimean War), 409 die.

[Aktungbby]

What more famous day in American history relived in movies and lore: Fact rides outta town and myth becomes truth! 1881: Tombstone Arizona -The Shootout at the OK Corral!!? Wyatt Earp and Doc' Holliday take on the Clanton gang (in detail) furthering a long ongoing feud which needs no elaboration here. Just Rent TOMBSTONE the movie and visit the town someday.The town and Hollywood have never looked back.
Tom McLaury, Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton (left to right) lie dead after the gunfight at the O.K. Corral. This is the only known photo of 19 year-old Billy. Tombstone's largest funeral...to date. Three of the Earp faction were also wounded. The justice of the peace ruled 'Justifiable Homicide!
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Mclauriesclanton.jpg1861: The telegraph having been connected on the 24th between San Francisco and 'Nebraska, The Pony Express announced its closure on October 26, 1861, The Pony Express grossed $90,000 and lost $200,000 in its 16 month lifespan. One young ex-rider never looked back to see what was gainin' on him...he didn't have to:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Buffalo_Bill_Cody_ca1875.jpgHero,http://williamfcody.bbhc.org/assets/images/000/000/169/169_b_d_lg.jpg scout and Showman the world over!

[BossMark]

1654-A British attack into the Russian guns at Balaclava is immortalised as the 'Charge of the Light Brigade'.

1944-In the Battle of Leyte Gulf, Japan uses Kamikaze pilots for the first time, sinking the USS 'St Lo'.

[Jimbuna]

1863 - Football Association forms in England, standardizing soccer, splitting with rugby.

[Aktungbby]

1922: The first annual celebration of Navy day took place: Arising from the activity of the Manhattan Navy Club for enlisted seamen and under the auspices of former Assistant Sec. of the Navy, 'Teddy' Roosevelt, Architect of the Great White Fleet, Victory at Manila Bay, and the Panama Canal: His slogan over the front desk at the club:" “Here you will neither be robbed, instructed, nor uplifted.” It gave to the Navy its first permanent shore club in the heart of the world’s greatest seaport. Not un-shockingly, the date, of Navy Day was Roosevelt's birthday! The club closed in the depression and the last official Navy Day was in 1949...HOWEVER...In 1972 Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Admiral Elmo R. Zumwalt authorized recognition of OCT 13, The birth of the Navy (by act of Congress in 1775) as a celebration in lieu of Navy Day. In contrast to Navy Day, the Navy Birthday is intended as an internal activity for members of the active forces, reserves, retirees, and dependents. Since 1972 each CNO has encouraged a Navy-wide celebration of this occasion. 1864 -Lt William Cushing, brother of Alonzo Cushing of Gettysburg immortality, sinks the Confederate ironclade Albermarle in a 'suicide attack' with a spar torpedo on the bow of Picket Boat #1. Of fifteen men, only he and 1 crewman escaped by swimming. Nine others were captured. "As they approached the enemy docks, their luck turned and they were spotted in the dark. They came under heavy sentry fire from both the shore and aboard Albemarle. As they closed, they quickly discovered was defended by floating log booms; in the water for many months, and covered with heavy slime, the steam launch rode up and over them at full speed without difficulty, firing her cannon's grapeshot at the Albermarle." When her spar was fully against the ironclad's hull, directly under a huge 6.4" Brook cannon muzzle which could not depress sufficiently to prevent the ironclad's destruction!!! Lt Cushing personally detonated the torpedo: a series of lines that operated the spar torpedo that had to be carefully pulled in sequence, in the dark, and under fire. As he coolly executed the task, a bullet tore at his collar, and two more ripped through his clothing. "“The explosion took place at the same instant that 100 pounds of grapeshot, at 10 feet range, crashed among us” Cushing remembered." Both vessels sank.http://ironbrigader.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/cushing-exploitl.png (http://ironbrigader.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/cushing-exploitl.png)picket boat #1 Banzai 1864 style! IMHO Even The Albemarle's Commander, W. F. Warley, wrote of the incident saying, "... more gallant thing was not done during the war." http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h63000/h63378.jpg

[Jimbuna]

312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.

[BossMark]

1940 - During World War II, Italy invaded Greece.

1944-The first B-29 Superfortress bomber mission flies from the airfields in the Mariana Islands in a strike against the Japanese base at Truk.

1965 - Pope Paul VI issued a decree absolving Jews of collective guilt for the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.

[Jimbuna]

1904 - St Louis police try a new investigation method - fingerprints.

[Aktungbby]

1775: Commander of the British army, Major General Sir William Howe, issues a proclamation to the residents of Boston forbidding any person from leaving the city and ordered citizens to organize into military companies in order to "contribute all in his power for the preservation of order and good government within the town of Boston.":nope: The British didn't leave Boston until March 27, 1776, after Washington's occupation of Dorchester Heights; More afraid of their own cannon captured at Ft Ticonderoga, than Patriot soldiers, the British swiftly departed, allowing Bostonians to move freely in and out of their own city for the first time in six months. 1919: Congress passes the Volstead Act over President Wilson's veto. The Volstead Act provided for the enforcement of the 18th Prohibition Amendment. This will result in misery: Despite vigorous efforts by law-enforcement, the Volstead Act failed to prevent the large-scale distribution of alcoholic beverages, and organized crime flourished in America. It was repealed in 1933. Jeeze! bein' able to leave town and have beer ...how inalienable is that! 1992: Duluth, Minnesota mayor cuts the ribbon at the mouth of the brand-new, 1,480-foot–long Leif Erickson Tunnel on Interstate 35. With the opening of the tunnel, that highway—which stretches 1,593 miles, from Mexico all the way to Canada—was finished at last. As a result, the Interstate Highway System was 99.7 percent complete.:up: The tunnel pre-empted a growing discontent in cities cut by interstates as an undesirable influence, destroying nice urban environments. The Duluth Lakewalk Park alongside Lake Superior was installed over the tunnel...Those Duluthians! I tell ya!

[Jimbuna]

1929 - "Black Tuesday" Stock Market crashes triggers "Great Depression".

[Aktungbby]

1517: Priest Martin Luther nails a piece of paper to the Castle Church door in Wittenberg, Germany containing the 95 revolutionary opinions that would begin the Protestant Reformation. By the time Luther, declared outlaw and a target for 'legal killing' by anyone, died of natural causes in 1546, his beliefs, including his German translation of the Bible, had formed the basis for the Protestant Reformation, which, over three centuries revolutionized Western civilization... 1963: Beatlemania in Heathrow Airport, London: where the Fab Four had just returned from a hugely successful tour of Sweden. Also at Heathrow that particular day, was American television impresario Ed Sullivan. The pandemonium that Sullivan witnessed as he attempted to catch his flight home to New York would play a pivotal role in making the British Invasion possible. The Beatles would arrive in the United States on February 7, 1964...and transform American civilization on the Ed Sullivan Show.:woot: 1957: the Japanese car company Toyota establishes its U.S. headquarters in an old Rambler dealership in Hollywood! Toyota executives hoped to saturate American market with their small, relatively inexpensive Toyopet Crown sedans. That one didn't go so well-but the Corona, designed for the American market and #1 Corolla did.. and transformed a nation on wheels! I went to a Lutheran college;:up: still have my first Beatle's album;:up: and have owned 5 Toyotas in 40+ years and am still driving the '86 Camry and an '05 Corolla: both with 200K trouble-free miles!:yeah:

[Jimbuna]

1917 - World War I: Battle of Beersheba in southern Palestine- "last successful cavalry charge in history".

[Aktungbby]

1941: The USS Reuben James DD245 is sunk by U-552. Based at Iceland, she sailed from Newfoundland on 23 October, with four other destroyers to escort eastbound Convoy HX 156. At about 0525, while escorting that convoy, Reuben James was torpedoed by U-552 commanded by KptLt Erich Topp near Iceland. Reuben James was positioned between an ammunition ship and the known position of a wolfpack. She was hit forward by a torpedo meant for a merchant ship and her entire bow was blown off when a magazine exploded. The bow sank immediately. The aft section floated for five minutes before going down. Of the 159-man crew, only 44 survived. Many consider the Reuben James to have been the first US warship to be sunk in WWII, or second if you consider the Panay by Japan in 1937.... A rather remarkable song by the great Woody Guthriehttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Woody_Guthrie_NYWTS.jpg/220px-Woody_Guthrie_NYWTS.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woody_Guthrie_NYWTS.jpg) (himself a merchant seaman who "went to sea in June 1943 making voyages in convoys during the Battle of the Atlantic (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic) aboard the merchant ships SS William B. Travis, SS William Floyd, and SS Sea Porpoise. He served as a mess man and dishwasher and frequently sang for the crew and troops to buoy their spirits on transatlantic voyages. His first ship William B. Travis hit a mine in the Mediterranean killing one person aboard but made it to Tunisia under her own power His last ship, Sea Porpoise, took troops from the United States for the D-Day invasion. Guthrie was aboard when the ship was torpedoed off Utah Beach by the U-390 (also immediately sunk) on July 5, 1944, injuring 12 of the crew. Guthrie was unhurt and the ship stayed afloat to be repaired at Newcastle upon Tyne (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne) :salute:in England before returning to the United States in July 1944. He was an active supporter of the National Maritime Union (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Maritime_Union), the main union for wartime American sailors.)" with amazing photos of it all: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DrZjJsIA1EI (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DrZjJsIA1EI) http://www.navsource.org/archives/05/0524503.jpgReuben James (undated)

[Jimbuna]

The Battle of Coronel

In a crushing victory, a German naval squadron commanded by Vice-Admiral Maximilian von Spee sinks two British armored cruisers with all aboard off the southern coast of Chile on November 1, 1914, in the Battle of Coronel.

World War I broke out on the European continent in August 1914; within months, it had spread by sea across the globe to South America. Previously stationed in the western Pacific, near China, Spee's small East Asia Squadron made the two-month journey to Chile after Japan entered the war on August 22 and it was determined that the Germans could not stand up to the Japanese navy in the region. Neutral Chile, with its sizeable population of German immigrants and its ready supply of coal, would be a safer base from which to launch attacks against British shipping interests.

After eluding a large number of Japanese, British and Australian ships on its way, Spee's ships encountered a British squadron commanded by Sir Christopher Cradock in the late afternoon of November 1, 1914. The Germans, with their newer, lighter ships, took quick advantage, opening fire at 7 pm. Cradock's flagship, the Good Hope, was hit before its crew could return fire; it sank within half an hour. The Monmouth followed two hours later, after attempting to withdraw and being sunk by the light cruiser Nurnberg. No fewer than 1,600 British sailors, including Cradock himself, perished along with the two ships; it was the Royal Navy's worst defeat in more than a century.

The quicker British ship Glasgow escaped the fray and fled south to warn another of Cradock's ships, the Canopus, stationed in the Falkland Islands, of Spee's proximity. In response, the British dispatched two battle cruisers, Inflexible and Invincible, from its Battle Cruiser Squadron in the North Sea. The two ships, commanded by Sir Doveton Sturdee, reached the Falklands on December 7; the following day they exacted their revenge on the aggressive Spee, sinking four German ships--including the Nurnberg and Spee's flagship Scharnhorst--with 2,100 crew members aboard. Among the dead were Spee and his two sons, Otto and Heinrich. By the end of 1914, the German cruiser threat to Britain's trade routes had been virtually eliminated; for the duration of the war, Germany's chief weapon at sea would be its deadly U-boat submarines.

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-battle-of-coronel

[Aktungbby]

1777: the USS Ranger, with a crew of 140 men under the command of John Paul Jones, leaves Portsmouth, NH, for the naval port at Brest, France, where it will stop before heading toward the Irish Sea to begin raids on British warships. This was the first mission of its kind during the American Revolution. 1942: General Montgomery breaks through Rommel's defensive line at El Alamein, Egypt, forcing a retreat. It was the beginning of the end of the Axis occupation of North Africa. 1947: The Hughes Flying Boat—the largest aircraft ever built—is piloted by designer Howard Hughes on its first and only flight. Built with laminated birch and spruce, the massive wooden aircraft had a wingspan longer than a football field and was designed to carry more than 700 men to battle. The aircraft had many detractors, and Congress demanded that Hughes prove the plane airworthy. Hughes obliged, taking the H-4 prototype out into Long Beach Harbor, CA for an unannounced flight test. Thousands of onlookers had come to watch the aircraft taxi on the water and were surprised when Hughes lifted his wooden behemoth 70 feet above the water and flew for a mile before landing.:up: Today, the Spruce Goose is housed at the Evergreen Aviation Museum in McMinnville, OR.http://m2.i.pbase.com/g2/96/635896/2/147051482.u7SJNY6o.jpg My daughter worked as a docent at the museum and got to sit in the cockpit(for free!) enroute to her recently completed MA in museum science. I would hate to be the flight engineer on this BBYhttp://m1.i.pbase.com/o6/96/635896/1/147113961.rjgLenkA.guagesSpru_ilview.jpghttp://www.pbase.com/longbachnguyen/goose (http://www.pbase.com/longbachnguyen/goose) good photos!

[Jimbuna]

1966 - The Cuban Adjustment Act enters force, allowing 123,000 Cubans the opportunity to apply for permanent residence in the United States.

[Von Tonner]

Today in 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first animal into space. The dog, Laika, was the only inhabitant aboard Sputnik II, whose launch sparked fury amongst animal lovers. Despite claims that the dog died painlessly when oxygen ran out on day six, it emerged many years later in 2002 that Laika had died of overheating within just a few hours of take off. Her ill-fated space excursion came at a time when little was known of the impact of space flight on living creatures.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/3/newsid_3191000/3191083.stm

[BossMark]

1918-The German fleet at Kiel mutinies. This is the first act leading to Germany's capitulation in World War I.

[Jimbuna]

1534 - English parliament accepts Act of Supremacy: Henry VIII becomes Head of Church of England.

[Aktungbby]

1941: the Combined Japanese Fleet receive Top-Secret Order No. 1: In 34 days time,Pearl Harbor is to be bombed, along with Mayala, the Dutch East Indies, and the Philippines. Tokyo delivered the order to all pertinent Fleet commanders, that not only the United States—and its protectorate the Philippines—but British and Dutch colonies in the Pacific were to be attacked. War was going to be declared on the West. The war in Germany and the Japanese war in the East are one. 1922; Howard Carter discovers tomb of Tutankhamen in Egypt; to this day, our fascination with a 19 year old pharaoh and his time has only grown. 1903: Panama and Colombia wake up to news that the insurrectionists have declared an independent Republic of Panama...the strategic Canal will open in 11 years...

[Jimbuna]

1862 - Dr Richard Gatling patents Gatling machine gun (Indianapolis).

[Aktungbby]

^YEAH BBY! Take what the doctor prescribed and rest eternally! http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/GAU-8_meets_VW_Type_1.jpg/1024px-GAU-8_meets_VW_Type_1.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/A10gun1.jpg/640px-A10gun1.jpg Nothing good goes outta style! WITH A LITTLE HELP FROM AC/DC!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJSk2Xc3Eq4 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJSk2Xc3Eq4) :yeah:

[Aktungbby]

1914: the poorly trained men of Indian Expeditionary Force B (IEF B) evacuate the seaside town of Tanga in German East Africa after failing in their amphibious invasion of the region on behalf of the British navy in WWI marking the first—but not the last—British amphibious expedition to fail in German East Africa.. German forces in East Africa were led by the formidable General Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, His classic Prussian guerrilla campaign in East Africa would become Germany’s longest of World War I. With a force never great than 14,000 in total - comprised of 3,000 German and 11,000 Askari (native African) troops - Lettow-Vorbeck ran rings around Allied forces (for the most part British and South African) that were ten times larger than his own. He did not surrender until November 25, 1918, two weeks after the general armistice. In the year of Lettow-Vorbeck's death, 1964, the West German Bundestag voted to give back-dated pay to all surviving Askaris from the German forces of the First World War. A temporary cashier's office was set up in Mwanza (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanza) on Lake Victoria. Of the 350 old soldiers who gathered, only a handful could produce the certificates that Lettow-Vorbeck had given them in 1918. Others presented pieces of their old uniforms as proof of service. The German banker who had brought the money came up with an idea. As each claimant stepped forward, he was handed a broom and ordered in German to perform the manual of arms (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_of_arms)! Not one man failed the test" Good training always pays off! http://badassoftheweek.com/images/79143016174/lettow1.jpghttp://badassoftheweek.com/index.cgi?id=79143016174 (http://badassoftheweek.com/index.cgi?id=79143016174)

[Jimbuna]

1492 - Christopher Columbus learns of maize (corn) from Indians of Cuba.

[Aktungbby]

1431: History's most enjoyable villain is born at Sighișoara, Transylvania, Romania. Vlad the Impaler [Vlad III] He is most famously known by his patronymic name: Dracula, which inspired the name of the vampire Count Dracula in Bram Stoker (http://www.historyorb.com/people/bram-stoker)'s 1897 novel "Dracula". His method of dealing with Ottoman Turks, by impaling victims wholesale. (In one such battle, , he supposedly impaled 20,000 defeated enemies as a show of his power and a deterrent for future attacks), endeared him to Christian Europe. But, as a perpetually battling paladin of those brutal times, luck ran out and he died in battle against the Ottomans. His superstar status is undeniable, as he meets the 'first criteria' of superstardom: ...He has generated vastly more wealth dead than he ever did alivel:/\\!!http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Vlad_Tepes_002.jpg
http://www.foxnews.com/science/2014/10/31/vlad-impaler-real-dracula-dark-secrets/ (http://www.foxnews.com/science/2014/10/31/vlad-impaler-real-dracula-dark-secrets/) http://www.boxofficemojo.com/genres/chart/?id=vampire.htm (http://www.boxofficemojo.com/genres/chart/?id=vampire.htm)

[Jimbuna]

1872 - Cargo ship Mary Celeste sails from Staten Island for Genoa; mysteriously found abandoned 4 weeks later.

[Aktungbby]

1923: Adolf Hitler stages unsuccessful "Beer Hall Putsch" in the Bürgerbräukeller Munich in premature attempt at German leadership. 1939: Failed assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler in the Bürgerbräukeller , Munich. Der fuhrer had left the hall prematurely (12 minutes), along with important Nazi leaders who had accompanied him; a bomb exploded, which had been secreted in a pillar behind the speaker's platform. Seven people were killed and 63 were wounded.http://www.hitlerpages.com/wpimages/wp7685fc40_00.jpg 1942: Adolf Hitler proclaims the fall of Stalingrad from a Munich beer hall...a trifle prematurely:hmm2: Conclusion: Avoid politics in beer halls! http://www.hitlerpages.com/pagina17.html (http://www.hitlerpages.com/pagina17.html) Guide to the Furhrer's Munich beerhall speech locations! http://i.historyorb.com/adolph-hitler.jpg

[BossMark]

1942-The Allies launch 'Operation Torch' (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_north_africa_campaign.shtml), the massive amphibious landing of 400,000 troops in North Africa.

1965-The Race Relations Act comes into effect, banning racial discrimination in public places in Britain.

[Jimbuna]

392 - Roman Emperor Theodosius declares Christian religion, state religion.

[Aktungbby]

1950: Lt Russell J Brown engages a Russian MIG15 in history's first jet- to-jet combat! What United Nations experts did not know was that the “Chinese air force” included entire squadrons of Russians who were drilling in MiG-15s on the north bank of the Yalu. On Nov. 8, 1950, F-80C Shooting Star pilot Lt. Russell J. Brown was credited with shooting down a MiG-15. In recent years, records surfaced indicating that no MiG fell that day, but Brown remains in the books as the victor in history’s first jet-versus-jet aerial combat. :hmmm: :nope:http://acepilots.com/korea/jets-hit-migs-tanks.jpg 1 NOV 1950: MiG-15A "Fagot" (no longer PC ofcourse) intercepted 10 F-80 Shooting Stars, and First Lieutenant Semyon Fyodorovich Khominich scored the first jet-vs-jet victory in history when he downed the F-80C of Capt. Frank Van Sickle, WWII P-51 veteran, who would perish (USAF credits the loss to the action of the North Korean flak). http://img1.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20140617022844/warthunder/images/thumb/2/2c/MiG-15-Fagot-great-planes-22258883-1200-801.jpg/333px-MiG-15-Fagot-great-planes-22258883-1200-801.jpg" Rolls-Royce Avon were some years ahead of the currently available British Rolls-Royce Nene engine. The Soviet aviation minister Mikhail Khrunichev and aircraft designer A. S. Yakovlev therefore suggested to Premier Joseph Stalin that the USSR buy the conservative but fully developed Nene engines from Rolls-Royce for the clandestine purpose copying them in a minimum of time. Somewhat logically, Stalin is said to have replied, "What fool will sell us his secrets?" Designated MiG-15, the first production example flew on 31 December 1948. It entered Soviet Air Force service in 1949, and subsequently received the NATO reporting name "Fagot." Early production examples had a tendency to roll to the left or to the right due to manufacturing variances, so aerodynamic trimmers called "nozhi" (knives) were fitted to correct the problem, the knives being adjusted by ground crews until the aircraft flew correctly. The MiG-15 arguably had sufficient power to dive at supersonic speeds, but the lack of an "all-flying" tail greatly diminished the pilot's ability to control the aircraft as it approached Mach 1. As a result, pilots understood they must not exceed Mach 0.92, where the flight surfaces became ineffective. Additionally, the MiG-15 tended to spin after it stalled, and often the pilot could not recover. Later MiGs incorporated all-flying tails." Whatever it problems, the RR engine MIG outclassed the 'Shooting Star' F 80C

[Jimbuna]

1799 - Napoleon Bonaparte becomes dictator (1st consul) of France.

[Aktungbby]

1620:The passengers of the Mayflower sight Cape Cod! http://www.mayflowersteps.co.uk/mayflower/cut-away-sm-mayflower-ship.jpg (http://www.mayflowersteps.co.uk/mayflower/cut-away-mayflower-ship.jpg) 1918: The Kaiser Wilhelm flees to the Nether Regions...er NetherLANDS after abdicating his emperorship. Sartorial Splendor was not one of his short-comings: !(1909) with Churchill: Both were naval fanatics "King Edward VII who noted that Churchill should not be “too communicative and frank with his nephew”, the Kaiser. The desk on which the Kaiser signed the declaration of war was made out of wood from HMS Victory and is carved in the form of Nelson’s ship Victory. Along the back of the desk are flags forming Nelson’s signal: “England expects this day that every man will do his duty.” In 1930, Churchill would pay the Kaiser a compliment which was also a somber comment on the 20th Century: “Time has brought him a surprising and paradoxical revenge upon his conquerors…The greater part of Europe…would regard the Hohenzollern restoration…as a comparatively hopeful event…This is not because his own personal light burns the brighter…but because of the increasing darkness around. The victorious democracies in driving out hereditary sovereigns supposed they were moving on the path of progress. They have in fact gone further and fared worse.” https://iconicphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/l_256b676db92b03e737285bb90d15a407-jpg.jpeg?w=7001989: Party boss Günter Schabowski becomes a world class hero of the Peaceful Revolution, ending what the Kaiser had started?, by default!: "Shortly before a press conference on 9 November, he was handed a note announcing changes on East German extradition policy, but given no further instructions on how to handle the information. These regulations had only been completed a few hours earlier and were to take effect the following day, so as to allow time to inform the border guards—however, nobody had informed Schabowski...He read the note out loud at the end of the conference. One of the reporters, asked when the regulations would take effect. After a few seconds' hesitation, Schabowski assumed it would be the same day based on the wording of the note and replied, "As far as I know effective immediately, without delay". After further questions from journalists, he confirmed that the regulations included the border crossings towards West Berlin. Excerpts from Schabowski's press conference were the lead story on West news and was broadcast to nearly all of East Germany as well. Later that night, on ARD's: "This is a historic day. East Germany has announced that, starting immediately, its borders are open (to the WEST) to everyone. The GDR is opening its borders ... the gates in the Berlin Wall stand open." (Wikipedia) Serious Ma'at for the Gotterdämmerung of 75 years... http://www.abc.net.au/news/linkableblob/5870722/data/west-berliners-continue-their-vigil-data.jpgEternity for others:http://cache2.artprintimages.com/p/MED/67/6752/4BZZ100Z/art-print/magda-indigo-poppies-on-flanders-fields.jpghttp://www.abc.net.au/news/linkableblob/5862998/data/victims-of-the-berlin-wall-data.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1918 - The Western Union Cable Office in North Sydney, NS received a top-secret coded message from Europe (that would be sent to Ottawa, ON and Washington, DC) that said on November 11, 1918 all fighting would cease on land, sea and in the air.

[BossMark]

1918-Fighting in World War One (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/war_end_01.shtml) ceases with the signing of an armistice between Germany and the Allies at 11 am.

1940-The Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm cripples or sinks nine Italian warships in a surprise attack at Taranto.

1992-The Church of England votes by a narrow margin to allow women to be ordained as priests.

[Jimbuna]

1909 - Construction of US navy base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, begins.

[BossMark]

1918-Austria declares itself a republic, rejecting the Habsburg dynasty that had dominated Europe since 1267.

1944-The last great German battleship, 'Tirpitz' (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/tirpitz_heroes_01.shtml), is sunk by RAF bombers in Tromso fjord, Norway.

1948-Former Japanese prime minister Hikedi Tojo and seven other wartime leaders are sentenced to death.

[Jimbuna]

1990 - Tim Berners-Lee publishes a formal proposal for the World Wide Web.

[Rhodes]

1964 - Asahi Pentax releases one of their iconic cameras. The Spotmatic!

After 4 years of R&D; the stunning success of this SLR was testament to its build quality, ergonomics, and simplicity of design!
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/231/458912078_c2b86afce3.jpg:woot:

[Aktungbby]

1558: Queen Mary I, the Cathlic monarch of England and Ireland dies and is succeeded by her 25-year-old half-sister, Elizabeth a Protestant. By her death in 1603, England will have become a major world power in every respect, and Queen Elizabeth I passed into history as one of England's greatest monarchs. Her reign is referred to properly as THE Golden Age! Still like that drink named after her sister though...the Bloody Mary http://bestbloodymaryrecipe.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/red-snapper-150x150.jpg (http://bestbloodymaryrecipe.com/red-snapper-drink-recipe/red-snapper/)1914: the German 15th Corps makes a final, desperate attempt to advance against Allied positions in the Ypres Salient, the much-contested region in Flanders, Belgium. As the weather grows colder and more windy, the attempt by the 15th Corps on November 17--which Allied forces repulsed--is the last movement of the battle, as the Germans then only offer intermittent artillary blasts against the Allied lines. Five days later, amid high winds and blizzards, fighting is suspended completely, and the First Battle of Ypres comes to an halt: taking the lives of more than 10,000 British and German soldiers. headlines the next day>http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/EveningNews_November18_1914.jpg/640px-EveningNews_November18_1914.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1855 - David Livingstone becomes the first European to see Victoria Falls in what is now Zambia and Zimbabwe.

[Jimbuna]

1477 - First English dated printed book "Dictes & Sayengis of the Phylosophers" by William Caxton.

[Aktungbby]

1928: Walt Disney's first sound-sunchronized animated cartoon and a naval theme!!! premiers: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBgghnQF6E4 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBgghnQF6E4)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/Steamboat_Willie.jpg/220px-Steamboat_Willie.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steamboat_Willie.jpg) 1959: Ben-Hur premiers-Talk about pigboats My favorite scene for those :subsim:ers who admit to ramming the target!-talk about crankn' up the "jumbos"!!:nope::http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXh1tW16V-8 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXh1tW16V-8)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Ben_hur_1959_poster.jpg/220px-Ben_hur_1959_poster.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ben_hur_1959_poster.jpg) C'mon! it could've happened! http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/specials/images/drebbel_cover.jpg:arrgh!:

[BossMark]

1794 - Britain's King George III signed the Jay Treaty. It resolved the issues left over from the Revolutionary War

1998 - Vincent van Gogh's "Portrait of the Artist Without Beard" sold at auction for more than $71 million.

[Jimbuna]

1985 - US President Reagan & Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for first time.

[Aktungbby]

1863: Abraham Lincoln delivers a two minute speech to dedicate a battlefield cemetery at Gettysburg PA. his startlingly short speech is almost overshadowed by Edward Everett, the principal speaker, who delivers a two hour oratory-typical of the times ...but knows too what he has just heard: In a letter to Lincoln written the following day, Everett praises the President for his eloquent and concise speech, saying, "I should be glad if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central idea of the occasion, in two hours, as you did in two minutes." Lincoln replied that he was glad to know the speech was not a "total failure". Lincoln at Gettysburg>http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Lincolnatgettysburg.jpg<as depicted on my morning coffee mug! PS: that is really him! The short speech Lincoln thought he'd flubbed: "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate – we can not hallow – this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, :nope: but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here, have, thus far, so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." The world notes and remembers: it is on his monument and in every Federal building I ever worked in...

[BossMark]

1943-US Marines began their landing on Tarawa and Makin atolls in the Gilbert Islands.

1945 - 24 Nazi leaders went before an international war crimes tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany.

1947 - Britain's Princess Elizabeth married Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh in Westminster Abbey.

1962 - The Cuban Missile Crisis ended. The Soviet Union removed its missiles and bombers from Cuba and the US ended its blockade of the island.

[Jimbuna]

1969 - Pele scores his 1,000th soccer goal.

[Aktungbby]

1975: After nearly four decades of absolute rule, Spain's Generalissimo Francisco Franco died at age 82. The 'Caudillo's demise inspired inane mirth in America which I never quite grasped. CHEVY CHASE on Saturday Night LIVE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=butZyxI-PRs (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=butZyxI-PRs) Even Richard Nixon got in on the parody...unintentionally: "General Franco was a loyal friend and ally of the United States. He earned worldwide respect for Spain through firmness and fairness ":hmmm: http://www.transparencyinsport.org/The_IOCs_Favourite_Fascist/Images-the_IOCs_favourite_fascist(page1)/hitler_franco_salut.jpghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7X7CMGXAAVo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7X7CMGXAAVo) Whatever the game was, El Caudillo played it better than anyone...for a very long time.

[BossMark]

1620-The 'Pilgrim Fathers' on the 'Mayflower' make first landfall in North America, at Cape Cod, New England.

1953-Piltdown Man (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/archaeology/excavations_techniques/piltdown_man_01.shtml), an archaeological discovery hailed as the 'missing link' in 1911, is exposed as a fake.

1995-The Dayton Agreement between Serb, Croat and Bosnian leaders ends more than three years of war in Bosnia (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/recent/milosevic_trial_01.shtml).

[Jimbuna]

1791 - Colonel Napoléon Bonaparte is promoted to full general and appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Armies of the French Republic.

[Aktungbby]

1934: Cole Porter's "Anything Goes" opens starring Ethel Merman-on Broadway...update 2013: I just saw it with my aspiring (birthday girl) singer-daughter at San Francisco's Golden Gate Theatre; Helps to have hearing aids with a 'music' setting...:hmmm: starring a fabulous Rachel York-needless to say she's 'De-lovely'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u138i26a0IY (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u138i26a0IY) http://www.san-francisco-theater.com/images/show/07340_show_landscape_large_11.jpghttp://www.san-francisco-theater.com/images/show/07340_show_landscape_large_04.jpgRACHEL YORK http://s3-media1.fl.yelpcdn.com/bphoto/A9iE1bp7Ur7MaylT-VHd_g/l.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1906 - International Radio Telecommunications Com adopts "SOS" as new call for help.

[STEED]

Bossmark got badly badly drunk on this day. :03:

November 22, 1990: Margaret Thatcher quits as Prime Minister after leadership challenge

After she failed to win enough support from Conservative MPs in a leadership contest, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher resigned after 11 years at Number 10.

[BossMark]

Bossmark got badly badly drunk on this day. :03:
Not nearly as much as I got drunk last April........:haha:

[Aktungbby]

1718: Edward Teach is killed in battle off North Carolina. Several spellings of his surname exist—Thatch, Thach, Thache, Thack, Tack, Thatche and Theach. One early source claims that his surname was Drummond...Howver unlike most alias-using pirates this gent is immortal as BLACKBEARD! http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Edward_Teach_Commonly_Call%27d_Black_Beard_%28bw%2 9.jpg/220px-Edward_Teach_Commonly_Call%27d_Black_Beard_%28bw%2 9.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Teach_Commonly_Call%27d_Black_Beard_(b w).jpg) Well over six feet with burning matches in his braided locks, he led from the front! At points of his career he commanded more than one vessel-dubbing himself 'Commodore'; his principle flagship Queen Anne's Revenge had 40 guns. His last fight:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Capture-of-Blackbeard.jpg/1024px-Capture-of-Blackbeard.jpg and a villain's end: so to speak; http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Blackbeard%27s_head.jpg/220px-Blackbeard%27s_head.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blackbeard%27s_head.jpg)Legend has it that his headless body swam around the vessel 5 times before succumbing-a bit much IMHO 3 is more like it:up:...Queen Anne's Revenge has been discovered off North Carolina. http://www.history.com/videos/queen-annes-revenge#queen-annes-revenge (http://www.history.com/videos/queen-annes-revenge#queen-annes-revenge) The pirate flag was no useless decoration; but meant to convey a clear message Blackbeard's flag: this clear message was that time to surrender was running out. Fearlessness in the face of death was shown with a cup raised in a toast.
A heart pierced with a spear or dart showed a violent death. A heart leaking drops of blood showed a drawn out and torturous death. An empty fist or cutlass in hand spoke of a swift death. In short: Heave-to or die! Blackbeardhttp://rover.ebay.com/roverimp/1/711-53200-19255-0/1?ff3=9&pub=5574825108&toolid=10001&campid=5336504525&customid=&uq=blackbeard&mpt=[CACHEBUSTER] apparently tried to incorporate most all of these symbols. His flag showed a skeleton with horns holding an spear in one hand and hourglass in the other that is pointing to a heart dripping three blood drops. It must have worked: "A shrewd and calculating leader, Teach spurned the use of force, relying instead on his fearsome image to elicit the response he desired from those he robbed. Contrary to the modern-day picture of the traditional tyrannical pirate, he commanded his vessels with the permission of their crews and there is no known account of his ever having harmed or murdered those he held captive. He was romanticised after his death and became the inspiration for a number of pirate-themed works of fiction across a range of genres. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/pirates/images/4FLAG.gif

[Jimbuna]

1940 - RAF pilot Guy Gibson (22) weds show dancer and actress Eve Moore in Penarth’s Anglican Church.

[Jimbuna]

1642 - Abel Janzoon Tasman discovers Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania).

[Aktungbby]

1943: U-600 is sunk with all hands in the North Atlantic north of Ponta Delgada, in position 40.31N, 22.07W, by depth charges from the British frigates HMS Bazely (http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5643.html) and HMS Blackwood (http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5483.html). 54 dead (all hands lost). A productive U boat with 5 ships sunk (28,600 tons) and 3 ships damaged (19,230 tons), her commander Bernhard Zurmühlen had served aboard U-331...as watch officer...1941: at 4.25pm, while steaming to cover an attack on Italian convoys with the battleships HMS Queen Elizabeth, Valiant and an escort of eight destroyers, HMS Barham was hit by three torpedoes from the German submarine U-331 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_submarine_U-331). The torpedoes were fired from a range of only 750 yards providing no time for evasive action, and struck so closely together as to throw up a single massive water column. As she rolled over to port, her magazines exploded and she quickly sank within 4 minutes with the loss of more than two-thirds of the crew. The explosion was caught on camera from the nearby Valiant. Out of a crew of approximately 1,184 officers and men, 841 were killed. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/HMS_Barham_explodes.jpg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdrISbwy_zI (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdrISbwy_zI)

[Jimbuna]

1867 - Alfred Nobel patents dynamite.

[Aktungbby]

1703: The Great Storm of 1703 was one of the most severe storms ever recorded in the southern part of England. On the Thames (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames), around 700 ships were heaped together in the Pool of London (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pool_of_London). The Royal Navy was badly affected, losing thirteen ships including the entire Channel Squadron and upwards of 1,500 seamen drowned. Vessels were blown 20 miles inland. In London, approximately 2,000 massive chimney stacks were blown down. The lead roofing was blown off Westminster Abbey. The Great Storm also coincided with the increase in English journalism, and was the first weather event to be a news story on a national scale. Special issue broadsheets were produced detailing damage to property and stories of people who had been killed. Even Daniel Defoe(Robinson Crusoe) produced his full-length book, The Storm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Storm_(Daniel_Defoe)), published in July 1704, in response to the calamity, calling it "the tempest that destroyed woods and forests all over England." He wrote: "No pen could describe it, nor tongue express it, nor thought conceive it unless by one in the extremity of it." Coastal towns such as Portsmouth "looked as if the enemy had sackt them and were most miserably torn to pieces." Winds of up to 80 miles per hour (130 km/h) destroyed more than 400 windmills. Defoe reported in some the sails turned so fast that the friction caused the wooden wheels to overheat and catch fire. The storm, unprecedented in ferocity and duration, was generally reckoned by witnesses to represent the anger of God– in recognition of the "crying sins of this nation.":huh: The government declared 19 January 1704 a day of fasting, saying it "loudly calls for the deepest and most solemn humiliation of our people." It remained a frequent topic of moralizing in sermons well into the nineteenth century. Modern experts have rated it in the top five worst hurricanes (barometric readings, as taken by the Reverend William Derham, as low as 973 millibars). ever to strike southern England-loss of life was approximately 8000-largely from collapsed buildings and drowning. The hand of God having been involved, there was perhaps a culprit..Eddystone Lighthouse at Devon was destroyed. Its builder, Henry Winstanley, was in residence, completing additions to the structure. He had previously bragged that he wished he could be present for ‘the greatest storm that ever blew under the face of heaven’,:oops: to see his project withstand the storm. After the storm had abated, not even a stanchion of the lighthouse was left standing, and Winstanley’s body was never recovered...Be careful when tempting the Lord IMHO.:hmmm:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Eddystone_lighthouse00.jpg/170px-Eddystone_lighthouse00.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eddystone_lighthouse00.jpg) Eddystone Lighthouse then...and #4 today http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Phare-d-Eddystone-Rocks.jpg/220px-Phare-d-Eddystone-Rocks.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phare-d-Eddystone-Rocks.jpg)http://www.wardsbookofdays.com/27november.htm (http://www.wardsbookofdays.com/27november.htm)

[Cybermat47]

783 – The Asturian queen Adosinda is put up in a monastery to prevent her kin from retaking the throne from Mauregatus.
1161 – Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynasty ships on the Yangtze river during the Jin–Song Wars.
1476 – Vlad the Impaler (Dracula) defeats Basarab Laiota with the help of Stephen the Great and Stephen V Báthory and becomes the ruler of Wallachia for the third time.
1778 – In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to visit Maui.
1784 – The Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of the United States established.
1789 – A national Thanksgiving Day is observed in the United States as recommended by President George Washington and approved by Congress.
1805 – Official opening of Thomas Telford's Pontcysyllte Aqueduct.
1825 – At Union College in Schenectady, New York, a group of college students form the Kappa Alpha Society, the first college social fraternity.
1842 – The University of Notre Dame is founded.
1863 – United States President Abraham Lincoln proclaims November 26 as a national Thanksgiving Day, to be celebrated annually on the final Thursday of November. (Since 1941, it has been on the fourth Thursday.)
1865 – Battle of Papudo: A Spanish navy schooner is defeated by a Chilean corvette north of Valparaíso, Chile.
1917 – The National Hockey League is formed, with the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, Quebec Bulldogs, and Toronto Arenas as its first teams.
1918 – The Montenegran Podgorica Assembly votes for a "union of the people", declaring assimilation into the Kingdom of Serbia.
1922 – Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon become the first people to enter the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun in over 3000 years.
1922 – The Toll of the Sea debuts as the first general release film to use two-tone Technicolor. (The Gulf Between was the first film to do so, but it was not widely distributed.)
1939 – Shelling of Mainila: The Soviet Army orchestrates an incident which is used to justify the start of the Winter War with Finland four days later.
1942 – World War II: Yugoslav Partisans convene the first meeting of the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia at Bihać in northwestern Bosnia.
1943 – World War II: HMT Rohna is sunk by the Luftwaffe in an air attack in the Mediterranean north of Béjaïa, Algeria.
1944 – World War II: A German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworth's shop on New Cross High Street in London, United Kingdom, killing 168 people.
1944 – World War II: Germany begins V-1 and V-2 attacks on Antwerp, Belgium.
1949 – The Constituent Assembly of India adopts the constitution presented by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.
1950 – Korean War: Troops from the People's Republic of China launch a massive counterattack in North Korea against South Korean and United Nations forces (Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River and Battle of Chosin Reservoir), ending any hopes of a quick end to the conflict.
1965 – In the Hammaguir launch facility in the Sahara Desert, France launches a Diamant-A rocket with its first satellite, Asterix-1, on board.
1968 – Vietnam War: United States Air Force helicopter pilot James P. Fleming rescues an Army Special Forces unit pinned down by Viet Cong fire. He is later awarded the Medal of Honor.
1970 – In Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, 1.5 inches (38.1 mm) of rain fall in a minute, the heaviest rainfall ever recorded.
1977 – An unidentified hijacker named Vrillon, claiming to be the representative of the "Ashtar Galactic Command", takes over Britain's Southern Television for six minutes, starting at 5:12 pm.
1983 – Brink's-MAT robbery: In London, 6,800 gold bars worth nearly £26 million are stolen from the Brink's-MAT vault at Heathrow Airport.
1986 – Iran–Contra affair: U.S. President Ronald Reagan announces the members of what will become known as the Tower Commission.
1990 – The Delta II rocket makes its maiden flight.
1991 – National Assembly of Azerbaijan abolishes the autonomous status of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast of Azerbaijan and renames several cities back to their original names.
1998 – Tony Blair becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to address the Oireachtas, the parliament of the Republic of Ireland.
2000 – George W. Bush is certified the winner of Florida's electoral votes by Katherine Harris, going on to win the United States presidential election, despite losing in the national popular vote.
2003 – Concorde makes its final flight, over Bristol, England.
2004 – Ruzhou School massacre: A man stabs and kills eight people and seriously wounds another four in a school dormitory in Ruzhou, China.
2004 – The last Poʻouli (Black-faced honeycreeper) dies of avian malaria in the Maui Bird Conservation Center in Olinda, Hawaii, before it could breed, making the species in all probability extinct.
2008 – Mumbai attacks by Pakistan-sponsored Lashkar-e-Taiba.
2011 – NATO attack in Pakistan: NATO forces in Afghanistan attack a Pakistani checkpost in a friendly fire incident, killing 24 soldiers and wounding 13 others.

[Jimbuna]

1914 - Battleship HMS Bulwark explodes at Sheerness Harbour, England, 788 die.

[BossMark]

1291-Edward 1's wife, Eleanor of Castile, dies. Crosses are erected where her body rests on the way to London.

1660-The 12 founding members of the Royal Society meet for the first time at Gresham College in London.

1943-The 'Big Three' (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/churchill_gathering_storm_01.shtml) of Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin meet in Tehran to discuss the invasion of France.

[Jimbuna]

1990 - Margaret Thatcher resigns as Britain's PM, replaced by John Major

[BossMark]

1877-American inventor Thomas Edison demonstrates the principle of his phonograph or 'speaking machine'.

1919-American-born Lady Nancy Astor becomes the first woman member of parliament to take her seat.

1990-The UN approves the use of force for only the second time in its history, to drive Iraq out of Kuwait.

[Jimbuna]

1951 - 1st underground atomic explosion, Frenchman Flat, Nevada.

[Aktungbby]

"November 29th, 1918
My dear Mrs. Hogan:
If I could talk to you I could tell you so much better about your son's last sickness, and all the little things that mean so much to a mother far away from her boy.
Your son was brought to this hospital on the 13th of November very sick with what they called Influenza. This soon developed into Pneumonia. He was brave and cheerful though, and made a good fight with the disease. Several days he seemed much better, and seemed to enjoy some fruit that I brought him. He did not want you to worry about his being sick, but I told him I thought we ought to let you know, and he said all right.
He became very weak towards the last of his sickness and slept all the time. One day while I was visiting some of the other patients he woke up and seeing me with my hat on asked the orderly if I was his sister come to see him. He was always good and patient and the nurses loved him. Everything was done to make him comfortable and I think he suffered very little, if any pain.
He laughed and talked to the people around him as long as he was able. They wanted to move him to another bed after he became real sick and moved the new bed up close to his, but he shook his head, that he didn't want to move. The orderly, a fine fellow, urged him. "Come on, Hogan," he said, "Move to this new bed. It's lots better than the one you're in." But Hogan shook his head still.
"No", he said, "No, I'll stay where I am. If that bed was better than mine, you'd 'a' had it long ago."
The last time I saw him I carried him a cup of hot soup, but he was too weak to do anything but taste it, and went back to sleep.
The Chaplain saw him several times and had just left him when he breathed his last on November 25th, at 2:30 in the afternoon.
He was laid to rest in the little cemetery of Commercy, and sleeps under a simple white wooden cross among his comrades who, like him, have died for their country. His grave number is 22, plot 1. His aluminum identification tag is on the cross, and a similar one is around his neck, both bearing his serial number, 2793346.
The plot of the grave in the cemetery where your son is buried was given to the Army for our boys and the people of Commercy will always tend it with loving hands and keep it fresh and clean. I enclose here a few leaves from the grass that grows near in a pretty meadow.
A big hill overshadows the place and the sun was setting behind it just as the Chaplain said the last prayer over your boy.
He prayed that the people at home might have great strength now for the battle that is before them, and we do ask that for you now.
The country will always honor your boy, because he gave his life for it, and it will also love and honor you for the gift of your boy, but be assured, that the sacrifice is not in vain, and the world is better today for it.
From the whole hospital force, accept deepest sympathy and from myself, tenderest love in your hour of sorrow.
Sincerely,
Maude B. Fisher" ....Who wrote this letter to the soldier's mother...not just another number it seems. http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8344/8166940260_551f861875_o.jpg

[Jimbuna]

1872 - First international soccer game, Scotland-England 0-0 (Glasgow).

[Aktungbby]

1884: Elfego Baca,http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-oldwest/ElfegoBaca2-500.jpg legendary defender of southwestern Hispanos, manages to hold off a gang of 80 cowboys who are determined to kill him. For months, a vicious band of Texan cowboys had terrorized the Hispanos of Frisco, N.M., brutally castrating one young Mexican man and using another for target practice. Outraged, Baca gained a commission as deputy sheriff to try to end the terror. The morning after an arrest of a cowboy named McCartey, a group of about 80 cowboys rode into town to free the cowboy and make an example of Baca for all Mexicans. Baca gathered the women and children of the town in a church for their safety and prepared to make a stand. Seeing himself outnumbered, Baca retreated to an adobe house-with a floor 1.5 feet below street level which proved beneficial in the fusillade unleashed harmlessly overhead by the cowboys.... where he killed at least one attacker and wounded several others. The irate cowboys blazed away at Baca's tiny hideout, firing about 400 rounds into the flimsy structure. During the daylong siege, according to legend, Baca shot and killed four of his attackers and wounded eight others. The cowboys assumed they had killed the deputy; The next morning however, two lawmen and several of Baca's friends, came to his aid, and the cowboys retreated. Baca turned himself over to the officers, and he was charged with the murder of one cowboy. When at last Officer James Cook and the newly arrived Deputy Ross of Socorro convinced Baca to come out, personally guaranteeing his safety, some of the Hispanic spectators yelled for him to run. With guns in hand and every cowboy rifle trained on his chest, Baca slowly approached to make his truce. Yes, he would surrender... but only if he could keep his weapons, travel in the back of a buckboard with his and McCartey’s Colts, and with all accompanying cowhands keeping at least thirty feet behind them for the entire trip to the Socorro courthouse! The ever-blessed Baca even missed an ambush planned for him enroute, when two different groups of avengers each mistakenly thought the other had carried out the mercenary deed. In jail only four months, Baca was tried on two separate occasions, and was surprisingly acquitted each time. In his trials in Albuquerque, the jury found Baca not guilty because he had acted in self-defense, and he was released. Hugely popular, Baca later enjoyed a successful career as a lawyer, private detective, and politician in Albuquerque. His immortality became permanent in 1958 with Walt Disney's 10-part miniseries: the Nine Lives of Elfego Baca... starring Robert Loggia. Move over OK Corral! http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Reserve_NM_-_3.jpg/1024px-Reserve_NM_-_3.jpghttp://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-elfegobaca2.html (http://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-elfegobaca2.html)

[Jimbuna]

1964 - Ringo Starr's tonsils are removed.

[Jimbuna]

First time visit on your forum but not a feel fresher. Thanks for sharing any topics forum.

Welcome to SubSim :sunny:

I'll take that welcome back.

[Jimbuna]

1967 - 1st human heart transplant performed (Dr Christian Barnard, South Africa).

[Onkel Neal]

First time visit on your forum but not a feel fresher. Thanks for sharing any topics forum.

Welcome to... wait--spammer!:stare:

[Jimbuna]

1619 - 38 colonists from Berkeley Parish in England disembark in Virginia and give thanks to God. Considered by many as the first Thanksgiving in the Americas.

[Aktungbby]

1952: Heavy smog begins to hover over London, England. It persists for four days, leading to the deaths of at least 4,000 people. a high-pressure air mass stalled over the Thames River Valley. When cold air arrived suddenly from the west; the air over London became trapped in place. Low temperatures, which caused residents to burn extra coal in their furnaces. The smoke, soot and sulfur dioxide from the area's industries along with that from cars and consumer energy usage caused extraordinarily heavy smog to smother the city. By the morning of December 5, there was a visible pall cast over hundreds of square miles.
The smog became so thick and dense that by December 7 there was virtually no sunlight and visibility was reduced to five yards in many places. An unusually high number of people in the area, numbering in the thousands, died in their sleep that weekend. Between December 4 and December 8 saw such a marked increase in death in the London metropolitan area that conservative estimates place the death toll at 4,000, with some estimating that the smog killed as many as 8,000 people. http://i.guim.co.uk/static/w-140/h--/q-95/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/12/3/1354551431751/Bus-In-Smog-016.jpg http://i.guim.co.uk/static/w-1920/h--/q-95/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/12/3/1354551400221/Smoke-Pouring-From-Chimne-004.jpghttp://i.huffpost.com/gadgets/slideshows/328204/slide_328204_3186479_free.jpg

[BossMark]

1812-Napoleon abandons his army on its disastrous retreat from Moscow giving command to Marshal Murat.

[Jimbuna]

1840 - Napoleon Bonaparte receives a French state funeral in Paris 19 years after his death.

[Aktungbby]

1917: At 9:05 a.m., in the harbor of Halifax in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, the most devastating manmade explosion in the pre-atomic age occurs when the Mont Blanc, a French munitions ship,http://www.cbc.ca/halifaxexplosion/he2_ruins/images/mont_blanc.jpg explodes 20 minutes after colliding with another vessel, the Norwegian vessel Imo. Its cargo hold packed with highly explosive munitions-2,300 tons of picric acid, a nitrate compound used in munitions, 200 tons of TNT, 35 tons of high-octane gasoline, and 10 tons of gun-cotton; People gathered along the waterfront to witness the spectacle of the blazing ship, hastily abandoned by the crew, as minutes later, it brushed by a harbor pier, setting it ablaze. The Halifax Fire Department responded quickly and was positioning its engine next to the nearest hydrant when the Mont Blanc exploded at 9:05 a.m. in a blinding white flash...which killed the fire chief and 10 of the department members.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Panoramic_view_of_damage_to_Halifax_waterfront_aft er_Halifax_Explosion%2C_1917.jpg/750px-Panoramic_view_of_damage_to_Halifax_waterfront_aft er_Halifax_Explosion%2C_1917.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panoramic_view_of_damage_to_Halifax_waterfron t_after_Halifax_Explosion,_1917.jpg)
The massive explosion killed more than 1,800 people, injured another 9,000-many maimed for life-including blinding 200--and destroyed almost the entire north end of the city of Halifax, including more than 1,600 homes. The resulting shock wave shattered windows 50 miles away, the sound of the explosion could be heard hundreds of miles away. "All that could be seen for a great circumference were burning buildings, great mounds of iron and brick in the streets and dead bodies." A 2.5- mile radius was completely demolished and the explosion could be felt 125 miles away. The 60' tsunami wave of water hit a Navy ammunition plant located near the shores, possibly saving it from the fire. Possibly the only break of the day?!
Most other places nearby were not so lucky: The railway station collapsed from the blast and crushed scores of people inside. About 100 more were killed in a 9-story brick sugar plant located near the water. Of the 500 students located in schools nearby, less than 10 survived. Much of the city was completely obliterated. Many more might have died except for a snowstorm later that day that helped put out the flames; 25,000 people were left homeless...http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/78980000/jpg/_78980992_de36.jpghttp://www.halifaxexplosion.org/explosion5.html (http://www.halifaxexplosion.org/explosion5.html)#

[Jimbuna]

1865 - 13th Amendment of the United States Constitution is ratified, abolishing slavery.

[BossMark]

43BC-Roman orator and advocate Cicero is executed on the orders of the warlord Mark Antony.

909-Sa'id ibn Hussein, the 'divinely guided one', establishes a Shiite caliphate in Tunis, rival to Baghdad.

1941-Japan launches a surprise attack with 350 aircraft on the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/pearl_harbour_01.shtml), Hawaii.

[Jimbuna]

1783 - William Pitt the Younger (24) becomes the youngest ever British Prime Minister.

[Aktungbby]

1835: Benjamin Rush Milamhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Ben_milam.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ben_milam.jpg) inspires the Army of the Republic of Texas to take the city of San Antonio. Born in 1788 in Frankfort, Kentucky and a Lt. in the War of 1812, Milam became a citizen and soldier of Mexico in 1824, participating in the revolution against Spain, when newly independent Mexico became a republic under a constitution. When Milam heard in 1835 that Santa Ana had overthrown the Mexican republic and established himself as dictator, Milam renounced his Mexican citizenship and joined the rag-tag army of the newly proclaimed independent Republic of Texas.
After helping the Texas Army capture the city of Goliad, Colonel Milam went on a reconnaissance the southwest but returned to join the army for its planned attack on San Antonio-only to learn that the generals were postponing the attack on San Antonio for the winter. Aware that Santa Ana's forces were swiftly enroute toward Texas to suppress the rebellion, Milam worried that any hesitation would spell doom for the new State of Texas. Milam made an impassioned call for volunteers, asking: "Who will go with old Ben Milam into San Antonio?" Three hundred men did volunteer, and the Texas Army began its attack on San Antonio, December 5. By December 9, the defending forces of the Mexican army were badly beaten, suffering 400 casualties to the Texan 30 and the commanding General Cos surrendered the city under honorable terms. Milam, however, was not there to witness the results of his leadership--commanding one brigade, he had been killed instantly by a British Baker rifle bullet on December 7 while reconnoitering; He had been trying to observe the San Fernando church tower with a field telescope given to him by Stephen Austin.. The rest- the following March- is American Thermopylae history...Remember the Alamo...and Old Ben Milam! http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Benjamin_Milam_Monument.jpg/220px-Benjamin_Milam_Monument.jpg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benjamin_Milam_Monument.jpg)His statue at his rediscovered gravesite in San Antonio. http://www.texasescapes.com/C****hardt/Ben-Milam.htm (http://www.texasescapes.com/C****hardt/Ben-Milam.htm)