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Old 08-18-11, 08:42 AM   #6
Stiebler
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Default Air supply in U-boats / compressed oxygen

I wrote again to my friendly and helpful U-boat officer (let us name him: Guenther Paas), asking specifically about the use of compressed oxygen in U-boats. Again, for reference purposes in future encylopaedias, I attach his reply in its original German, and underneath my very literal translation.

His reply:
"Es ist richtig, dass die Unterseeboote neben den Druckluftflaschen auch Flaschen mit reinen Sauerstoff an Bord hatten. Beide Flaschenarten hatten einen Druck von 20 atü = bar. Die Druckluftflaschen wurden zum Anblasen bei Auftauchen verwendet. Die Flaschen mit reinem Sauerstoff wurden benötigt, wenn das Boot längere Zeit unter Wasser war und der Sauerstoff im Boot zu Ende ging. Wie ich Dir bereits berichtet habe, wird die durch das Atmen der Besatzungsmitglieder verbrauchte Luft, durch Kali-Patronen, die sich an der inneren Bordwand befanden gesaugt. Die Kali-patronen halten das Kohlendioxyd zurück und die sauerstoffarme Luft kommt zurück ins Innere des Bootes. Wenn der Sauerstoff in der Luft durch längere Unterwasserfahrt immer weniger wurde und die Besatzungsmitlieder anfingen zu "japsen" und nach Luft zu schnappen, wurde aus den Sauerstoffflaschen Sauerstoff abgelassen und man konnte wieder normal atmen.

"Trotz Rückfragen bei Horst Bredow und alten U-Bootsfahrern konnte mir keiner sagen, wieviel Druckluftflaschen und wieviel Sauerstoffflaschen die Boote an Bord hatten. Daher weiss ich auch nicht, wie lange die Sauerstoffvorräte ausreichten. Aus meiner eigenen Erfahrung kann ich sagen, dass bei längerer Unterwasserfahrt die Batterien leer wurden und wir auftauchen mussten. Dass der Sauerstoff aus den Flaschen zu Ende ging, habe ich nicht erlebt."

My translation is this:

"It is correct that on board the submarines, besides the compressed air-bottles, had also bottles with pure oxygen. Both bottle-types had a pressure of 20 atmospheres = Bar. The compressed air-bottles were used for blowing when surfacing. The bottles with pure oxygen were required if the boat was an extended time under water and the oxygen in the boat came to an end. As I have already reported to you, the air spent through the breath of the crewmembers is absorbed through potash-cartridges, that were positioned on the inner hull. The potash-cartridges keep back the carbon-dioxide and the oxygen-poor air comes back into the inside of the boat. If the oxygen in the air became progressively less, through over-long underwater-patrol and the crewmembers started to "japsen" and to snatch after air, oxygen was released from the oxygen-bottles and they could breathe normally again.

"Despite queries, at Horst Bredow [owner of the well known U-boat Archive] and old U-boat sailors, no one could tell me how many compressed air-bottles and how many oxygen-bottles the boats had on board. Therefore I do not know also for how long the oxygen-supplies were enough. From my own experience I can say, that the batteries became empty with extended underwater-patrol and we had to surface. That the oxygen from the bottles came to an end, I have not experienced."

In summary, no one now knows, but exhaustion of the U-boat batteries was the determining factor in when to surface.

Stiebler.
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