This date in history

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1859 Self-proclaimed Emperor of the USA, Emperor Norton issues edict abolishing the US Congress.

1900 The first modern submarine is commissioned by the U.S. Navy as the USS Holland, named for its designer John Philip Holland.

1915 Despite international protest, Edith Cavell an English nurse in Belgium, is executed by the Germans for aiding the escape of Allied prisoners.

1915 Ford Motor Company under Henry Ford manufactures its 1 millionth automobile at the River Rouge plant in Detroit.

1960 Japanese politician Inejiro Asanuma is assassinated with a sword during a televised debate live on TV by 17-year old nationalist Otoya Yamaguchi.

1984 IRA bombs the Grand Hotel, Brighton, where British PM Margaret Thatcher is staying, 5 die.

2000 American destroyer USS Cole is badly damaged in Aden, Yemen, by two suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39

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1775 First US Navy forms when Continental Congress orders construction of a naval fleet.

1881 Revival of Hebrew language as Eliezer Ben-Yehuda & friends agree to use Hebrew exclusively in their conversations.

1930 New German Reichstag opens with 107 NSDAP members in uniform.

1941 Nazis kill 11,000 Jewish children and old people, in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine; additional murders continue on the 14th

1972 Uruguay to Chile plane crashes in Andes Mountains, (passengers eat crash victims to survive, 16 of 45 rescued 2 months later)

2010 Copiapó mining accident in Chile comes to a happy end as all 33 miners arrive at the surface after surviving a record 69 days underground.

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1066 Battle of Hastings: William, Duke of Normandy and his Norman army defeat the English forces of Harold II who is killed in the battle.

1322 Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.

1933 Nazi Germany announces its withdrawal from the League of Nations.

1938 Nazis plan Jewish ghettos for all major cities.

1939 German U-47 sinks British battleship HMS Royal Oak, 833 killed.

1943 600 Jewish prisoners mount an uprising at the Nazi concentration camp in Sobibor, Poland, 300 successfully escape.

1962 US U-2 espionage planes locate missile launchers in Cuba.

[Jimbuna]

1815 Napoleon Bonaparte arrives on island of St Helena to begin his exile.

1860 11-year-old Grace Bedell writes to Abraham Lincoln telling him to grow a beard.

1917 Dutch exotic dancer Mata Hari is executed by firing squad for spying for Germany during WWI at Vincennes near Paris.

1918 British Q-ship Cymric sinks British submarine J6

1941 Hideki Tojo appointed Prime Minister of Imperial Japan.

1942 German 6th Army occupies Tractorenfabriek, 3,000 Germans die.

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1813 Battle of Leipzig, largest battle in Europe prior to WWI, Napoleon's forces defeated by Prussia, Austria and Russia.

1940 Warsaw Ghetto is formed by German Governor-General Hans Frank.

1946 10 Nazi leaders are hanged as war criminals after Nuremberg war trials, including Wilhelm Keitel, Joachim von Ribbentrop and Alfred Jodl.

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis begins as JFK is shown photos confirming the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba.

1964 China becomes world's 5th nuclear power.

1972 2 members of the Official Irish Republican Army are shot dead by the British Army in County Tyrone.

1972 A Protestant youth member (15) of the Ulster Defence Association, and a UDA member (26) are run over by British Army vehicles during riots in east Belfast.

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415 Jewish autonomy in Palestine ended by the Romans and Raban Gamliel forced from office.

1941 USS Kearney becomes the 1st US destroyer torpedoed in World War II, while the country is still officially neutral.

1943 Burma railway completed, built by Allied POWs and Asian laborers for use of the Japanese army.

1943 Liberators sink U-540

1973 OPEC oil ministers use oil as an economic weapon in the Arab-Israeli War, mandating a cut in exports and recommending an embargo against unfriendly state.

2017 Islamic State headquarters Raqqa declared under full control of US-led alliance by Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) spokesman Talal Sello after 4 months of fighting.

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1867 Alaska Purchase: US takes formal possession of Alaska from Russia, having paid $7.2 million.

1919 David Beatty is created 1st Earl Beatty, Viscount Borodale, and Baron Beatty of the North Sea and Brooksby.

1929 Women are considered "Persons" under Canadian law.

1942 Hitler orders captured allied commandos to be killed.

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1781 British forces under General Charles Cornwallis sign terms of surrender to George Washington and Comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown at 2 pm, ending the US Revolutionary War.

1812 Napoleon Bonaparte and his Grande Armée begin their retreat from Moscow numbering just 100,000 (started campaign with 500,000)

1919 1st US Distinguished Service Medal awarded to a living female recipient, Anna Howard Shaw.

1939 Hermann Goering begins plunder through Nazi's occupied areas.

1950 UN forces enter Pyongyang, capital of North Korea.

1951 US President Harry Truman formally ends state of war with Germany.

1977 Supersonic Concorde jet's 1st landing in NYC

1987 US warships destroy 2 Iranian oil platforms in Persian Gulf.

1988 Britain bans broadcast interviews with IRA members.

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1918 In order to secure a WWI armistice, Germany agrees to further concessions.

1921 Germany and Allies come to an agreements over reparation payments in a meeting at Wiensbaden.

1967 A purported bigfoot is filmed at Bluff Creek by Roger Patterson and Robert Gimlin in Northern California.

1971 US Senator Edward Kennedy calls for a withdrawal of British troops from Northern Ireland and all-party negotiations to establish a United Ireland.

1973 Queen Elizabeth II opens the Sydney Opera House.

1973 US President Nixon accepts the resignations of Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus as they refuse orders to discharge Watergate Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox, in what has become known as "The Saturday Night Massacre"; after the resignations, Acting Attorney General Robert Bork fires Cox.

1988 Britain ends suspects' right to remain silent in crackdown on IRA

[Dargo]

76 years ago, the USSR authorities began the forced deportation of over 78,000 Ukrainians from the West of the country to remote areas of Siberia and Kazakhstan. Operation West was the most massive Stalinist deportation of the population of western Ukraine in order to neutralize Ukraine liberation movement.

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1797 The USS Constitution (Old Ironsides) is launched in Boston.

1805 Battle of Trafalgar: British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats combined French and Spanish fleet. Nelson shot and killed during battle.

1854 Florence Nightingale with a staff of 38 nurses is sent to the Crimean War.

1917 1st Americans to see action on front lines of WWI: US troops enter front lines at Sommervillier under French command.

1944 US troops capture Aachen, 1st large German city to fall.

1948 UN rejects Russian proposal to destroy atomic weapons.

1966 116 children and 28 adults die as a coal waste heap slides and engulfs a school in Aberfan, South Wales.

1994 North Korea signs pact to end their nuclear projects.

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1836 Sam Houston inaugurated as 1st elected President of the Republic of Texas.

1884 International Meridian Conference in Washington, D.C. adopts Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) worldwide, creating 24 international time zones with longitude zero at the Greenwich meridian.

1926 Boxer J. Gordon Whitehead sucker punches magician Harry Houdini in the stomach in in his dressing room at the Princess Theater in Montreal. The attack started, contributed, or covered-up the appendicitis that would take Houdini's life 9 days later.

1948 First Arab–Israeli War: Israeli Navy sinks Egyptian Navy flagship 'King Farouk' using explosive-laden motorboat in the Mediterranean Sea near Gaza.

1954 West Germany joins North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis: US President John F. Kennedy addresses TV about Russian missile bases in Cuba and imposes a naval blockade on Cuba, beginning the missile crisis.

1983 Two correctional officers are killed by inmates in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspired the Supermax model of prisons.

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1917 1st Infantry division "Big Red One" shoots 1st US shot in WW I

1942 German units go through Red October factory in Stalingrad.

1981 US national debt hits $1 trillion.

2001 The Provisional Irish Republican Army of Northern Ireland commences disarmament after peace talks.

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1911 Captain Robert Falcon Scott's expedition leaves Cape Evans for South Pole.

1922 Irish Parliament adopts a constitution for an Irish Free State.

1940 Adolf Hitler meets the Head of the French State Marshal Philippe Pétain.

1944 US air raid on Japanese battleships and cruisers in Sibuya Sea: Musashi sinks.

1944 US aircraft carrier Princeton sinks at Philippines.

1944 US Captain David Mccampbell shoots down 9-11 Japanese planes in Gulf of Leyte.

1946 A camera on board the V-2 No. 13 rocket, launched from Whites Sands US, takes the first photograph of earth from outer space.

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviet ships approach but stop short of the US blockade of Cuba.

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1415 Battle of Agincourt: Henry V's forces defeat larger French army, and the longbow defeats the armored knight (Azincourt, France)

1854 The infamous "Charge of the Light Brigade" during the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War results in over 100 killed.

1932 Benito Mussolini promises to remain dictator for 30 years.

1962 US Ambassador to the UN Adlai Stevenson demands USSR UN rep Valerian Zorin answer regarding Cuban missile bases saying "I am prepared to wait for my answer until hell freezes over"

1974 US Air Force fires 1st ICBM

2017 Chinese Premier Xi Jinping unveils his new ruling council in the Great Hall of the People, none of the five are young enough to succeed him.