100 Years Ago Today

[Jimbuna]

23rd August 1916

Western Front

Fighting south of Thiepval results in a slight British gain.

Strong German attacks at Guillemont repulsed.

Fierce artillery duel on French section of Somme front.

French progress south of Fleury (Verdun).

Southern Front

Activity on Salonika front, especially on left flank.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

Turks defeated at Rayat (Turco-Persian frontier); 2,300 prisoners.

Russians retake Bitlis (lower Vau).

Aviation

Zeppelin raid on east coast, no casualties.



Naval and Overseas Operations

Return of submarine "Deutschland" to Germany.

Ship Losses:

HMT Birch (Royal Navy) The naval trawler struck a mine laid by UC 1 (Kurt Ramien) and sank in the North Sea off Great Yarmouth, Norfolk (52°42′N 2°11′E) with the loss of three of her crew.
Cossack (Norway) The cargo ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. Thirteen crew were rescued.
Elios (Italy) The brigantine was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off the south coast of France by SM U-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Maria Brizzolari (Italy) The brigantine was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off the south coast of France by SM U-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Quebra (United Kingdom) The cargo ship struck rocks off the Blasket Islands, County Kerry and sank with the loss of three of her 37 crew.
Tanina (Italy) The brigantine was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off the south coast of France by SM U-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine).

[Sailor Steve]

August 23, 1916

Air War:
KEK Martincourt becomes Jasta 7, commanded by Oblt Fritz Bronsart von Schellendorf and operating in the Metz area.

Armand Pinsard allegedly receives the first SPAD VII to enter service, A122. Up to this time his main claim to fame was his escape from a German prison camp. He was forced to land behind enemy lines on February 8, 1915. After fourteen months as a prisoner he escaped, along with Capitaine Victor Menard on March 26, 1916 and crossed the front lines on April 10.
-Jon Guttman, SPAD VII Aces of World War 1

1310 Canadian pilot Chester Duffus and observer Cpl C.A. Winterbottom, in FE.2b 6931, shoot down a Fokker eindecker for victory number 2.

Italian pilots Francesco Baracca and Fulco Ruffo di Calabria, both flying Nieuport 11s, shoot down a Hansa-Brandenburg C.I. Victory number 3 for Baracca, number 1 for di Calabria.

French pilot Joseph de Bonnefoy, in an unnamed Nieuport, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory number 4.

French pilot Gustave Douchy, in a Nieuport, shoots down and Albatros two-seater for victory number 2.



Ireland:
British freighter SS Quebra, 4,538 tons, bound from New York for Liverpool with a general cargo, changes course after sighting a submarine. In the dark she runs aground at Valentia Island and sinks.



North Sea:
His Majesty's Trawler Birch, 215 tons, hits a mine laid by Kurt Ramien in UC-1, bringing his score to 12 ships and 21,520 tons.



Bay of Biscay:
British freighter SS Carly, 3,358 tons, travelling from Villaricos to Nantes with a load of iron ore, runs aground on the rocks near Batz-sur-Mer, west of Saint-Nazaire.



Gulf of Lyon:
Max Valentiner, commanding U-38, sinks three Italian sailing vessels:
Brigantine Elios, 190 tons.
Brigantine Maria Brizzolari, 152 tons.
Brigantine Tanina, 138 tons.
Valentiner's score is now 91 ships and 194,320 tons.



German East Africa:
The attack on Dar-Es-Salaam continues, with battleship HMS Vengeance, cruiser Challenger and armed merchant cruiser Princess firing at German trenches at Ras Rongoni and Ras Upanga.



Brazil:
French barque La Blanche, 2,100 tons, carrying a load of coal from Durban to Buenos Aires, catches fire off Santa Catalina, Brazil.

[Jimbuna]

24th August 1916

Western Front

Further British advance towards Thiepval (northern Somme).

Hard fighting east and north-east edge of Delville Wood, ground gained and prisoners taken.

German attacks west of Ginchy (Somme) driven off.

French capture whole of Maurepas and repulse violent German counter-attacks south of village.

Southern Front

Italian progress in Dolomites.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

Mush (Armenia) recaptured by Russians and 2,300 prisoners taken on way to Mosul.

Aviation

French Morane biplane at the Esquennoy aerodrome.


Zeppelin raid on east and south-east coast, nine killed, forty injured.





Political, etc.

Conference at Calais on Franco-British war finance.

French Army orders its soldiers to shave except their mustaches. An estimated 120 tons of beards will be shaved.

Austria-Hungary loots the artifacts and treasures of Visoki Dečani, a Serbian Orthodox monastery built in the 14th century.

Ship Losses:

Alix (Italy) The brigantine was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Algeria (37°51′N 8°18′E) by SM U-34 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Angelina (Italy) The brigantine was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 53 nautical miles (98 km) north north east of Bône, Algeria (37°48′N 8°16′E) by SM U-34 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Gustave Zédé (French Navy) The Gustave Zédé-class submarine sank in the Adriatic Sea due to an explosion in her batteries with the loss of four of her 40 crew. She was subsequently refloated, repaired and returned to service.
Hump (United Kingdom) The cargo ship collided with Argyle ( United Kingdom) in the St. Lawrence River and sank. Her crew were rescued.
Isdalen (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea (42°22′N 5°06′E) by SM U-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Liègeoise (Belgium) The cargo ship was captured in the Mediterranean Sea (42°12′N 5°25′E) by U-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine). She was shelled and sunk.

Editorial Cartoon: Crucial Days for the Iron Cross ─ Chicago Tribune.

[Sailor Steve]

August 24, 1916

Air War:
1630 Scottish RFC pilot Ian Henry David Henderson, flying a BE.12, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory number 1.

1830 German pilot Leopold Rudolf Reimann shoots down Sopwith 1-1/2 Strutter A879 for victory number 1. Pilot Capt Robert Gerald Hopwood and gunner Charles Rapley Pearce are both killed. It is not certain, but Reimann may have been flying the first Albatros D.I, 385/16. He is known to have been flying this aircraft just eight days later, on September 1, so it's certainly possible. This is also the first kill for Jasta 1 as a unit, and the first kill for any Jasta.

1900 German ace Rudolf Berthold, in a Fokker E.IV, shoots down Nieuport scout N1552 for victory number 6. Caporal Henri Danguenger is killed.

French ace Albert Deullin, in an unnamed Nieuport, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory number 6.

German pilot Hermann Pfeiffer, in a Fokker E.III, shoots down a Caudron G.4 for victory number 2. Sgt Jouanny and Aspirant Florintin are both captured.

French pilot Constant Frederic Soulier, in a Nieuport 17, destroys a German observation balloon for victory number 1.



North Sea:
Paul Hundius, commanding UB-16, sinks Norwegian coaster SS Velox, 312 tons, bound from Rotterdam for London with a general cargo. This brings his score to 5 ships and 7,179 tons.



Gulf of Lyon:
Max Valentiner, in U-38, sinks Norwegian freighter SS Isdalen, 2,275 tons, travelling from Hull to Genoa with a load of coal; and Belgian freighter SS Liegoeise, 3,895 tons, carrying a load of coal from Newport, Momnouthshire, Wales to Genoa. His score is now 93 ships and 200,490 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Claus Rücker, in U-34, stops and scuttles brigantine Alix, 141 tons, carrying 246 tons of phosphate from Bône to Naples; and brigantine Angelina, also en route from Bône to Naples with a load of wood. His score is now 48 ships and 124,814 tons.

[Jimbuna]

25th August 1916

Western Front

Determined German attack south of Thiepval repulsed.

Germans active in Verdun region.

Violent German attack repulsed west of Tahure (Champagne).

Southern Front

British warships bombard the forts of Kavalla.

Seres occupied by Bulgars.

Naval

HMS Duke of Albany, a requisitioned passenger vessel, is sunk by the German SM UB-27, resulting in at least 22 deaths.


Political, etc.

Correspondence between British and Swedish Governments about the detention of mail packets by either Government is published.

Ship Losses:

HMS Duke of Albany (Royal Navy) The armed boarding steamer was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea 20 nautical miles (37 km) east of the Pentland Skerries, Orkney Islands (58°44′N 2°28′W) by SM UB-27 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of 24 crew.[
Equinox (United Kingdom) The trawler struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 39 nautical miles (72 km) south east by east of the Humber Lightship ( United Kingdom) with the loss of nine of her crew.
Leandros (Greece) The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Cape Creux (41°52′N 4°07′E) by SM U-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Nostra Senora del Carmine (Italy) The full-rigged ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 40 nautical miles (74 km) off Cape Creux by SM U-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Socoa (France) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 30 nautical miles (56 km) north east of Cape Carbon, Algeria (36°58′N 5°20′E) by SM U-34 ( Kaiserliche Marine).

[Sailor Steve]

August 25, 1916

Air War:
KEK Vaux becomes Jasta 4. The squadron's location at Roupy is unchanged, and the commanding officer is still ace Hans-Joachim Buddecke.

KEK Sivry becomes Jasta 6. Commanding officer is Josef Wulff.

1100 English ace Albert Ball, flying Nieuport 17 A201, shoots down a Roland C.II for victory number 12.

1300 English pilot Stephen Price and American observer Frederick Libby, in FE.2b 6994, shoot down an Aviatik two-seater. Number 4 for Price, number 5 for Libby.

Slovakian pilot Jozef Kiss and Austrian observer Kurt Fiedler, in Hansa-Brandenburg C.I 26.29, shoot down a three-engined Caproni bomber. Victory number 2 for Kiss, number 1 for Fiedler.

French pilot Pierre Dufaur de Gavardi shares a kill with a soldat Carré (first name unknow) when the pair destroy a German balloon. Number 4 for de Gavardie, unknown for Carré.

French ace Charles Nungesser, in an unnamed Nieuport, shoots down an LVG two-seater for victory number 13.

German pilot Rudolf Friedrich Otto Windisch and observer Maximilian von Cossell, In an unnamed two-seater, destroy an observation balloon for victory number 1.

German pilot Martin Zander, now in a Fokker E.III (his first two were in two-seaters), shoots down BE.2c 4285 for victory number 3. Lts Ronald Draycott Walker and Charles Smith are both taken prisoner.



North Sea:
Victor Dieckmann, commanding UB-27, sinks British armed boarding steamer Duke of Albany, 1,997 tons, bringing his total to 7 ships and 7,709 tons.

British trawler Equinox, 198 tons, on a fishing trip out of Grimsby, goes missing. Presumed to have hit a mine.



Gulf of Lyon:
Max Valentiner, in U-38, sinks Greek freighter SS Leandros, 1,658 tons, travelling from Cardiff to Genoa with a load of coal; and Italian sailing ship Nostra Signora Del Carmine, 1,575 tons, en route from Baltimore to Genoa. His score is now 93 ships and 200,490 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Claus Rücker, in U-34, torpedoes French freighter SS Socoa, 2,772 tons, bringing his score to 49 ships and 127,586 tons.



German East Africa:
Another attack, this time against German trenches on Bongoyo Island. Battleship Vengeance and cruisers Challenger and Hyacinth shell the positions from 0810 to 0830, at which time the cruisers move on. From 0840 to 0900 Vengeance fires at gun positions near Kigamboni.

[Jimbuna]

26th August 1916

Western Front

British take a short length of German trench north of Bazentin-le-Petit (Somme).

Eastern Front

Russians make slight advance towards Halicz (Galicia).

Southern Front

Activity on left flank of Salonika front.

Serbs beat off Bulgar counter-attacks north-west of Kukuruz and progress in Ostrovo region.

General Moschopoulos appointed Chief of Greek General Staff in place of General Dusmanis.

Aviation

France claims they shot down five German aeroplanes today; Germany also claims they shot down 5 Allied planes.

Naval and Overseas Operations

British enter Morogoro (East Africa).

Political etc.

German Food Regulation Board appeals to the women of rural Germany to divide their food with the women and children living in urban areas.

Kaiser Wilhelm attempts to send Duke Albrecht as a special envoy to the Romanian King, but King Ferdinand rebuffs the Kaiser’s moves.

Romanian Council of Ministers increases credit for its army from $40 million to $120 million, as Romania prepares for war.

Ship Losses:

Atlantico (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 15 nautical miles (28 km) south east of Formentera, Spain by SM U-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Ballooie (United Kingdom) The cargo ship collided with Polzeath ( United Kingdom) in the Seine at Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France and was beached.
HMT Rosie (Royal Navy) The naval trawler was lost on this date.

[Sailor Steve]

August 26, 1916

Air War:
German pilot Hans Karl Müller, flying a Fokker E.III*, claims a Voisin shot down over Verdun for victory number 4. There is a Caudron from Escadrille C53 reported missing this day, along with its crew, Sgt Mars and SLt Humbert. This is also the first victory for newly-formed Jasta 5.
*According to Norman Franks, the unit also had some Halberstadts, but Müller "is believed" to have been in the Fokker.

German pilot Hermann Pfeiffer, in a Fokker D.III, shoots down a Caudron for victory number 2.

North Sea:
Norwegian freighter SS Renteria, 1,602 tons, carrying a load of paper pulp from Oscarshamn to Bilbao, is sunk at Dogger Bank by a mine of unknown origin.



Mediterranean Sea:
Max Valentiner, commanding U-38, has moved to the area south of Formentera Island, where he captures and scuttles Italian freighter SS Atlantico, 3,069 tons, bound from Buenos Aires for Genoa with a load of wheat. His score is now 96 ships and 206,792 tons.



Atlantic Ocean:
American schooner Lucia Porter, 285 tons, is abandoned in the North Atlantic.

[Jimbuna]

27th August 1916

Western Front

German attack in front of Fleury repulsed.

Southern Front

Ground gained by Serbs near Vetrenik (Salonika) in a general offensive.

Naval and Overseas Operations

British capture large artillery dump and occupy Mgeta.

Aviation

British and French aeroplanes bomb Ghent and hit an ammunition depot, causing several civilian casualties.

Political, etc.

Romania mobilises and declares War on Austria-Hungary.

Greek protest meeting in Athens on King Constantine's policy.

Russia states it is willing to cooperate with the U.S. to feed starving Polish civilians under German occupation.

Kaiser Wilhelm orders the postponement of any executions of French prisoners both civilian and military.

Ship Losses:

HMT Ocean Plough (Royal Navy) The naval trawler struck a mine laid by UC 1 (Kurt Ramien) and sank in the North Sea off Lowestoft, Suffolk (52°27′00″N 1°52′30″E) with the loss of five of her crew.
Torridon (Italy) The full-rigged ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 30 nautical miles (56 km) (38°27′N 1°56′E) by SM U-34 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Unnamed Barge (Austria-Hungary) The fuel-loaded barge was hit by a torpedo and exploded when the torpedo boats Rândunica, Bujorescu and Catinca ( Romanian Naval Forces) attacked Austro-Hungarian warships near the Bulgarian city of Rutschek.

[Sailor Steve]

August 27, 1916

Air War:
Sometime between August 12th and 26th Oswald Boelcke has arrived at Jasta 2. On this date he records in the Squadron Diary that the unit has 3 officers, 64 enlisted men, and 0 aircraft.



North Sea:
Victor Dieckmann, commanding UB-27, captures Norwegian freighter SS Skjaereg, 1,019 tons, bound from Halmstad for Hull with a load of wood, as a prize. His score is now 8 ships and 8,729 tons.

His Majesty's Drifter Ocean Plough, 99 tons, hits a mine laid by Kurt Ramien in UC-1. Ramien's score is now 13 ships and 21,359 tons.

British freighter SS Wavelet, 2,992 tons, travelling from Narvik to Tees with a load of iron ore, is wrecked off Bjugn, Norway.



Mediterranean Sea:
Claus Rücker, in U-34, sinks Italian freighter SS Torridon, 1,526 tons, carrying a load of coal rom Baltimore to Genoa. His score is now 50 ships and 129,112 tons.



German East Africa:
At 0800 light cruiser HMS Challenger reports hearing explosions from Dar-Es-Salaam.

[Jimbuna]

28th August 1916

Western Front

Artillery activity on Somme front.

French gain ground south-east of Thiaumont work and repulse German attacks against Fleury and against a position near Vaux Fort (Verdun).

Eastern Front

Romanians and Austrians in contact in the passes of the Transylvanian Alps. Austrians withdraw north of Kronstadt.

Austrian monitors bombard Romanian towns on the Danube.

Southern Front

Serbians progress east of Cherna River.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

Encounters take place south of Erzerum (Armenia).

General Maude succeeds General Lake as Commander-in-Chief in Mesopotamia.

Political, etc.

Germany declares War on Romania.

Kingdom of Italy declares war on the German Empire. Italy had already been at war with Austria-Hungary since May 1915.

Around a thousand Chinese laborers arrive at Lyons, France to work in munition factories.

Ship Losses:

Gorgona (Italy) The barque was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 20 nautical miles (37 km) north east of Cape Palos, Spain (37°50′N 0°24′W) by SM U-34 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Saratoga (United Kingdom) The schooner sprang a leak in the Atlantic Ocean. She was set afire and abandoned by her crew, who were rescued by Llangorse ( United Kingdom).

[Sailor Steve]

August 28, 1916

Air War:
0700 English RFC ace Albert Ball, flying Nieuport 17 A201, shoots down a Roland C.II for victory number 13.

1800 English pilot Arthur Willan Keen and observer F.H. Glenday, in Sopwith 1½ Strutter A3432, shoot down a Fokker D.II for victory number 1.

1840 Canadian RFC pilot Alan Duncan Bell-Irving, flying Morane-Saulnier 'N' A166, shoots down a Roland C.II for his first kill.

1840 English ace Alan Wilkinson, in DH.2 7880, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory number 8.

1900 On his second patrol of the day Albert Ball claims two more Rolands for victories 14 and 15.

South African RNAS pilot Samuel Kinkead, in an unlisted Nieuport, shoots down a German two-seater for victory number 2.



Bay of Biscay:
French patrol boat Fantasque, 107 tons, is wrecked at Pointe de Chassiron, near La Rochelle, with the loss of all hands.



Mediterranean Sea:
Claus Rücker, commanding U-34, scuttles Italian barque Gorgona, 861 tons, bound from Swansea for Savona with a load of patent fuel. His score is now 51 ships and 129,973 tons.



Black Sea:
Turkish destroyer Gayret-i-Vatiniye, 785 tons, runs aground and is abandoned off Varna, Bulgaria.



German East Africa:
British battleship HMS Vengeance and cruiser Challenger again fire on Dar-Es-Salaam. Challenger cruises close to shore in an attempt to draw enemy fire.



Japan:
Japanese coaster Kansai Maru Number 1, 228 tons, travelling in ballast from Wakamatsu to Osaka, sinks following a collision in the Hikoshima Strait.

[Jimbuna]

29th August 1916

Western Front

British capture of German prisoners since the beginning of British offensive 1 July, 266 officers, 15,203 men, 86 guns, 160 machine guns.

Eastern Front

Russians capture Mount Pantyr (north-west of Jablonica Pass, Carpathians).

Austrians retreat before Romanian advance in Transylvanian Alps.

Kronstadt, Petrozseny and Kezdi-Vasarhely occupied by Romanians.

Naval and Overseas Operations

General Northey occupied Iringa.

In the harbor of Santo Domingo a series of yellow Rogue Waves 75 ft (23 m) tall smashed into the American Armored Cruiser USS Memphis.
Memphis was at anchor .5 nmi (0.58 mi; 0.93 km) off a rocky beach in 45 ft (14 m) of water in the harbor of Santo Domingo on the afternoon of 29 August 1916 with two of her 16 boilers operating in case she needed to get underway; the gunboat USS Castine also was anchored in the harbor. Shortly after 12:00, Memphis began to roll heavily and Captain Beach observed an unexpected heavy swell developing. Memphis and Castine both made preparations to leave the harbor and began to raise steam; Memphis expected to be able to get underway at about 16:35.
Conditions in the harbor had deteriorated badly by 15:45, when Memphis sighted an approaching 75 ft (23 m) wave of yellow water stretching along the entire horizon. By 16:00, the wave was closer, had turned ochre in color, and had reached about 100 ft (30 m) in height; at the same time, Memphis was rolling 45°, so heavily that large amounts of water cascaded into the ship via her gun ports and water even was entering the ship via ventilators 50 ft (15 m) above the waterline. By 16:25, water began to enter the ship via her funnels, 70 ft (21 m) above the waterline, putting out the fires in her boilers and preventing her from raising enough steam to get underway. She began to strike the rocky harbor bottom at 16:40, damaging her propellers just as she was raising enough steam to begin moving, and her engines lost steam pressure. At about this time, the giant wave Memphis had seen approaching over the past hour arrived; she rolled into a deep trough and was struck immediately by what proved to be three very large waves in rapid succession, the highest of them estimated by the crew to have been 70 ft (21 m) in height, completely swamping her except for her highest points, and washing crewmen overboard. The waves rolled her heavily, caused her to strike the harbor bottom, then pushed her to the beach .5 nmi (0.58 mi; 0.93 km) away. By 17:00, she had been driven under cliffs along the coast of the harbor and was resting on the harbor bottom. She was battered into a complete wreck in 90 minutes. Castine, meanwhile, managed to reach safer waters by getting underway and putting to sea through the large waves, although damaged by them and at times in danger of capsizing.
Memphis's casualties numbered 43 men dead or missing – 10 of them washed overboard by the waves or killed by steam as the ship's powerplant broke up, another 25 lost as they returned from shore leave in the ship's motor launch and were caught in the harbor by the huge breakers, and eight more lost in three boats wrecked after dark as they attempted to reach shore[5] – and 204 badly injured. Due to their heroic actions during this incident, Chief Machinist's Mate George William Rud, Lieutenant Claud Ashton Jones, and Machinist Charles H. Willey were awarded the Medal of Honor.

The wreck of Memphis at Santo Domingo on 29 August 1916.

Political, etc.

Von Hindenburg appointed Chief of German General Staff in place of von Falkenhayn and Ludendorff, Chief Quartermaster-General.

U.S. forms the Council of National Defense to coordinate resources and industry to support a potential future war.

President Poincare of France congratulates Romania and Italy for declaring war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.

Ship Losses:

Antigoon (Belgium) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 30 nautical miles (56 km) north of Dragonera, Spain by SM U-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Fede (Italy) The barque was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off the east coast of Spain (37°25′N 0°20′W) by SM U-34 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
François Joseph (France) The brigantine was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off the east coast of Spain by SM U-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Lucia Porter (United States) The schooner sprang a leak and was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean (approximately 40°N 42°W). Her crew were rescued.
Stella del Mare (Italy) The full-rigged ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 25 nautical miles (46 km) north of Majorca, Spain by SM U-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
USS Memphis (United States Navy) The United States Navy Tennessee-class armored cruiser was wrecked when struck in rapid succession by three large waves of up to 70 feet (21 meters) in height while at anchor in the harbor at Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, suffering 40 dead and 204 badly injured.

[Sailor Steve]

August 29, 1916

Air War:
1205 German pilot Hans Bethge, flying either a Fokker E.III or D.I for Jasta 1. shoots down BE.2c 4187 for his first victory. Lts Robert Burleigh and Reginald Charles Harry are both killed.



Portugal:
Walther Schwieger, commanding U-20, attacks Portuguese gunboat Ibo, 397 tons, off the Rio Tajo, near Lisboa. The damaged vessel manages to escape.



Balearic Sea:
Max Valentiner, in U-38, sinks three more ships:
Belgian freighter SS Antigoon, 1,884 tons, carrying a load of coal from Cardiff to Genoa.
French brigantine Francois Joseph, 114 tons, route and cargo unknown.
Italian sailing ship Stella del Mare, 1,166 tons, travelling from Baltimore to Genoa with an unnamed cargo.
Valentiner's score is now 99 ships and 209,856 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Claus Rücker, in U-34, scuttles Italian barque Fede, 1,273 tons, bound from Baltimore for Savona with a load of coal. his score is now 52 ships and 131,246 tons.



Inland Sea, Japan:
Japanese freighter Chokyu Maru No.2, 931 tons, carrying a load of pig iron from Osaka to Kure, sinks following a collision with Taikohsan Maru.



Canada:
British freighter SS White Sea, 1,923 tons, bound from Montreal for Sharpness with a load of timber, runs aground on Shag Rock, off St. Mary's Bay, Newfoundland.

[Jimbuna]

30th August 1916

Western Front

Somme, Bavarians surrender south of Martinpuich.

At the Somme, 2 German officers and 124 men surrender to the British, saying they were tired of the fighting.

Southern Front

Tepelini (Albania) occupied by Italians.

Venizelist revolution at Salonika.

Naval and Overseas Operations

Germans retire from Morogoro (German East Africa) over Ruwu river.

Political, etc.

Turkey declares war on Romania.

In Greece, a coup is launched by Greek officers in Thessaloniki who want to fight the Central Powers.

Ship Losses:

Audace (Regia Marina) The Audace-class destroyer collided with Brasile ( Italy) and sank in the Ionian Sea.
Nostra Signora Della Guardia (Italy) The full-rigged ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 30 nautical miles (56 km) off Cape San Antonio, Spain by SM U-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Tongariro (United Kingdom) The cargo liner struck the Bull Rock, off Portland Island, New Zealand and sank.
Wellamo (Finland) The passenger ship was sunk in the Baltic Sea 9 nautical miles (17 km) off the Tankar Lighthouse (64°01′N 22°37′E) by SM U-47 ( Kaiserliche Marine).

"Taking The Plunge" (Western Mail cartoon).