This date in history

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1755 - General Edward Braddock was mortally wounded when French and Indian troops ambushed his force of British regulars and colonial militia. He died on July 13.

1816 - Argentina declared independence from Spain.

1900 - The Commonwealth of Australia was established by an act of the British Parliament, uniting the separate colonies under a federal government.

1922 - Johnny Weissmuller became the first person to swim the 100 meters freestyle in less than a minute.

1943 - American and British forces made an amphibious landing on Sicily.

1947 - The engagement of Britain's Princess Elizabeth to Lt. Philip Mountbatten was announced.

[Jimbuna]

455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed emperor of the Western Roman Empire.

[Aktungbby]

1540: Henry VIII has his marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled-a cheaper (Catherine of Aragon, Rome and the Act of Supremecy etc). and less 'messy' method (Ms Boleyn) of getting rid of unwanted spouses -what a learning curve!!! His foot armor with cod piece reveals all and was actually closely examined/consulted in the development of astronaut space suits. Anne was a 'lucky gal'; ol' Hank VIII, even with the cod piece off, was unable to 'consummate' the marriage-grounds for annulment-by church rules. Following the annulment of their marriage, Anne was given a 'generous settlement' by the King- to maintain cordial German foreign relations, and thereafter referred to as the King's Beloved Sister. She lived quietly in England, long enough to see the coronation of Bloody Queen Mary-Henry's first daughter, for whom my 2nd favorite drink is named?! outliving the rest of Henry's wives. Daughter #2, Elizabeth I followed her half-sister, Mary, to the throne, and England's Golden Age ensued- Clearly lionesses ultimately ran the Tudor Pride. Anne died in 1557 at the ripe old age of 41 and is buried in Westminster Abbey. Bloody Mary-with full regalia

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1679 - The British crown claimed New Hampshire as a royal colony.

1776 - The statue of King George III was pulled down in New York City.

1778 - In support of the American Revolution, Louis XVI declared war on England.

1940 - The 114-day Battle of Britain began during World War II.

[Jimbuna]

48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium: Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.

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Originally Posted by Jimbuna

48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium: Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.

INDEED! the coolness of the man stands out here! From Wikipedia; " Pompey mounted an attack of six legions against Caesar's well fortified entrenched line where it joined the sea(its weak point) and where Caesar's IX legion was stationed. Heavily outnumbering the Caesarian troops, the Pompeian army broke through the weakened fortifications, causing this segment of Caesar's force to pull back from the onslaught. Caesar swiftly reinforced the breach with twelve cohorts under Antony and then counterattacked, re-securing part of the wall and pushing Pompey's forces back. Although Caesar's counterattack was initially successful, Pompey's forces were simply too numerous and they began to outflank Caesar's right wing. This buckled as it was threatened from the rear, and as the wing collapsed, Caesar's army began to rout. At first Caesar personally tried to stem the retreat, but then realized the potentially disastrous danger his army faced and instead began to co-ordinate the withdrawal of his army.
Pompey ordered a halt, believing that Caesar had been decisively beaten, and also suspecting a trap. According to Plutarch, Caesar remarked on that decision saying, "Today the victory had been the enemy's, had there been any one among them to take it."
Caesar next captured the town of Gomphi, allowing his men to resupply and rest and then moved towards Pharsalus, where the decisive Battle of Pharsalus would soon be fought." Exactly one month August (8/9/48 BC) later at Pharsalus, in Greece, Pompey would be decisively defeated by an army 1/2 half his size. Utterly routed, Pompey would flee to Egypt and a swift death from beheading. Less than 4 years later, Caesar himself would be assassinated (Beware the Ides of March) on 3/15/44 BC-falling dead ...at the foot of Pompey's statue! Lt. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, the self taught Confederate 'wizard of the saddle' said it best; "When ya got 'em on the run, keep up the skeer' " Pompey failed of this rule of war and it cost him his life and Rome her Republic...Pompey ( without a toga)...at the worst 'toga party' in history! "ET tu Brute"?! 1890: Wyoming becomes the 44th state of the Union. Having been the first to grant the vote to women in 1869, mostly to lure marriageable females to the ''wild west' then a territory; this marks the official end of the American Republic - We is a Democracy fer sure NOW BBY!Lady? Liberty

[ABBAFAN]

The battle of Northampton 1460.

Yorkist victory. Blast.

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battl...thampton_(1460)

[BossMark]

1708 - The French were defeated at Oudenarde, Malplaquet, in the Netherlands by the Duke of Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

[Jimbuna]

1156 - Siege of Shirakawa-den in Japan.

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1804: Alexander Hamilton killed in a duel with Aaron Burr. We live in a political dreamscape envisioned by Jefferson perhaps... but an economy designed by Hamilton. 1914: George Herman "Babe" Ruth debuts as a Red Sox pitcher and defeats Cleveland 4-3...One hundred years ago TODAY! by 1920 he is a Yankee and Yankee Stadium IS The House the Babe Built! 1798: The United States Marine Corps is re-established formally by Congress...Semper Fidelis 'Leathernecks'!

[Jimbuna]

1109 - Crusaders capture Syria's harbor city of Tripoli

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1984: Walter Fritz Mondale, Senator from Minnesota, (You Bitcha?) announces his choice for Vice President: Geraldine A. Ferraro of New York And US Rep. in Congress as well as representative to the United Nations. The First woman to run on a major party ticket. 1543: Henry VIII marries the his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr. She played well above par; neither divorced(1) beheaded (2) dead in child birth(1) or annulled (1); she out-lived Ol' Hank. The three short years of her reign as queen left their indelible mark on English history however: " She was also the most-married English queen, with four husbands, and the first English queen to be titled "Queen of Ireland". Catherine enjoyed a close relationship with Henry's three children and was personally involved in the education of Elizabeth and Edward, both of whom became English monarchs. (Along with 'Bloody Mary') She was extremely influential in Henry's passing of the Third Succession Act in 1543 that restored both his daughters, Mary and Elizabeth (both had been declared bastards), to the line of succession to the throne." Better than the vote-IT'S GOOD TO BE QUEEN! if, as in an above post, 'Lionesses ran the Tudor pride', Ms Parr was the Lioness-in-chief!
1690: William of Orange(Holland)- William III of England, defeats James II at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland. William III had married James II's daughter Mary (also his cousin-keep-it in the family!) and they both succeeded to the throne in 'the Glorious Revolution' which had deposed daddy, James II, a Catholic. Mary II, a Protestant: "Mary wielded less power than William when he was in England, ceding most of her authority to him, though he heavily relied on her. She did, however, act alone when William was engaged in military campaigns abroad, proving herself to be a powerful, firm, and effective ruler." The joint reign is oft referred to as William and Mary. By which in 1693, the College of William And Mary was founded at Williamsbug VA-America's second oldest institution. Ever the mark of success: defeat your rival for the throne ...and start a school! It ain't always what you know or how you choose to pray, it's sometimes who you marry-in this case, a Protestant Queen of England!

[Jimbuna]

1537 - Battle of Albancay: Diego de Almagro defeated by army led by Alonso de Alvarado on behalf of Francisco Pizarro

[Jimbuna]

1174 - William I of Scotland, key rebel in Revolt of 1173-1174, captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.

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100 BC: Julius Gaius Caesar is born: Great movies(Cleopatra and the TV mini-series Rome), one Shakespeare play, the month of July, Siege warfare (Alesia), mass slaughter, and other Gauling episodes of history ensue; Rome becomes an Empire instead of a Republic; The Rubicon River is crossed and the "die is cast"- not to include reading Caesar's Commentaries and thinking of myself in the third person...all over a glass of Francis Ford Coppola's 'Rubicon Cabernet Sauvignon' from his Napa winery just up the road. I have two glasses on the Ides of March! 1772: James Cook, a Yorkshire sailor navigator and cartographer extraordinaire, begins his Second Voyage of Discovery to the Pacific and circumnavigates the globe. A perilous Antarctic voyage with icebergs and Maori Cannibals, Cook only lost four men to disease by his rigorous health practices aboard his two vessels to prevent scurvy." Cook was in no doubt that the principal cause of the health of his crews was owing to regular doses of malt, and woe betide the sailor who refused it! In a paper delivered to the Royal Society he said of malt, 'This is without doubt one of the best antiscorbutic [effective against scurvy] sea-medicines yet found out; and if given in time will, with proper attention to other things, I am persuaded, prevent the scurvy from making any great progress for a considerable time'." Cook not only conquered the Pacific he conquered the greatest killer of sailors, Scurvy-a problem even later for U-Boats on extended patrols. The secret to good healthy sailing-Eat your (fresh) vegetables ...and stay away from cannibals-lest YOU become the fresh vegetable!1863: the largest civil unrest in American history apart from the Civil War itself begins in New York City-The Draft Riots. Several regiments from the battle of Gettysburg are diverted to maintain order. The Draft Act, perceived as discriminatory towards the lower classes (ethic Irish) and the Emancipation Proclamation, which threatened jobs from newly freed slaves, triggered extensive damage and casualties. "The exact death toll during the New York Draft Riots is unknown, at least 120 civilians were killed. In all, eleven black men were lynched over five days. The riots forced hundreds of blacks to flee the city. Violence by longshoremen against black men was especially fierce in the docks area." -wikipedia.
The most reliable estimates indicate that at least 2,000 people were injured and 8,000 wounded, but this figure is not widely accepted. Total property damage was about $1–5 million ($19.2 million – $95.8 million, adjusted for inflation)." New York ain't called the Big(rotten)Apple fer nuthin'!