100 Years Ago Today

[Jimbuna]

10th November 1917

Western Front

English and Canadian troops make successful attacks along ridge north and north-west of Passchendaele.

Germans repulsed at Chaume Wood by French.

Southern Front

Austrian advance checked on Asiago front; on Upper Piave enemy capture Belluno.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

Further advance of General Allenby's forces; Ascalon occupied; fighting near Esdud.

Naval and Overseas Operations

Good progress in East Africa; British troops occupy Ndonda, in Lukuledi valley. Enemy's northern force in retreat from Mahenge.

Political, etc.

To save fuel, U.S. government orders that electrical displays for advertising can only be turned on from 7:45 pm to 11 pm.

Text of Air Force Bill publishes in "Times".

Anti-Bolshevik reaction, troops loyal to Kerenski and Provisional Government march on Petrograd.

Ship Losses:

Lapwing (United Kingdom) The schooner was shelled and sunk in St. George's Channel by SM U-95 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her five crew took to the lifeboats but were not rescued.

[Sailor Steve]

November 10, 1917


Air War:

No aerial activity today.

[Jimbuna]

11th November 1917

Western Front

Heavy rain; enemy artillery active against new positions on Passchendaele ridge.

German repulsed at Hartmannsweilerkopf.

Southern Front

From Belluno Austrians advance down the Piave towards Feltre.

They renew attacks on Asiago Plateau without success.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

Turks organise new line of defence covering Jerusalem and Hebron.

Naval and Overseas Operations

German submarine SM "UC-38" torpedoed and sank Royal Navy destroyer HMS "Staunch" and monitor ship HMS "M15" in the Mediterranean Sea, killing 34 sailors in total.

In East Africa two British columns meet at Ndonda, Germans flee to hills near Portuguese border.

Political, etc.

Reports from Petrograd of disorder spreading; Kerenski's forces reach Tsarskoe Selo.

Military cadets in Petrograd launch a counterrevolutionary mutiny, known as the Junker mutiny, against the Bolsheviks, but are quickly crushed due to limited support.

Ship Losses:

Dana (Sweden) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk with the loss of eight of her crew in the North Sea off Flamborough Head, Yorkshire, United Kingdom[46] by SM UC-47 ( Kaiserliche Marine)
HMS M15 (Royal Navy) The M15-class monitor was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Deir el Belah, Occupied Palestine by SM UC-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of 26 of her 69 crew.
Quickstep (United States) The schooner was wrecked at Bacuranao, Cuba. Her crew were rescued.
HMS Staunch (Royal Navy) The Acorn-class destroyer was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Deir el Belah by SM UC-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of eight of her 72 crew.
HMT Thuringia (Royal Navy) The naval trawler was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean off Youghal, County Cork by SM U-95 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of fourteen of her crew.

[Sailor Steve]

November 11, 1917

Air War:

1220 German ace Max von Müller, flying an Albatros D.V, shoots down DH.5 A9439 for victory number 31. Lt Arthur Claydon crashes unharmed on his own side of the lines.

1435 French ace Gabriel Guérin, in a SPAD, shoots down a rumpler two-seater for victory number 8.

1510 English RFC ace pilot Brian Baker and observer Brusce Jackman, in Bristol F.2b A7170, shoot down an Albatros D.III. Victory number 9 for Baker, number 2 for Jackman.

1510 Canadian pilot Norman Craig Millman and English ace observer Thomas Tuffield, in Bristol F.2b B1134, shoot down an Albatros D.V. Victory number 1 for Millman, number 7 for Tuffield.

1510 Brian Baker and Bruce Jackman score their second kill of the day, shooting down another Albatros D.III. Number 10 for Baker, number 3 for Baker.

1440 Irish RFC ace Walter Tyrrell, flying DH.5 B4916, shoots down an Albatros D.V for victory number 2.

1620 English RFC pilot John Candy, in SPAD VII B6773, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 4. Sharing the kill is Lt A.H. Rice in SPAD VII B1581.

German pilot Hnns-Eberhart Gandert, flying an unknown aircraft on the Romanian Front for FA 24, shoots down a Farman for victory number 2.

Austrian pilot Augustin Novak, in Hansa-Brandenburg C.I 129.47 with Ltn H. Happack as observer, shoots down an Italian SAML two-seater for victory number 5. In January 1918 he will become an instructor and survive the war. Further information is unknown.

German pilot Otto Rosenfeld, in an Albatros D.V, shoots down a Nieuport for victory number 5.

German ace Georg Schlenker, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down a Nieuport for victory number 10.

[Jimbuna]

12th November 1917

Western Front

Heavy shelling on Ypres front.

Southern Front

Lower Piave Austrians establish bridgehead at Zenson, 20 miles north-east of Venice.

Italians evacuate Fonzaso and mountain positions overlooking the Brenta.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

General Allenby attacks new Turkish position on the Wadi Sugheir, 12 miles north of Ascalon.

Political, etc.

Mr. Lloyd George in Paris on urgent necessity of new Allied War Council.

New scale of voluntary rations.

Russians in London repudiate Leninists.

Fighting at Tsarskoe Selo: Trotsky and Lenin claim victory over Kerenski's forces.

Ship Losses:

Anteo (Italy) The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the Tyrrhenian Sea off Livorno, Tuscany. Her crew survived.
Barbary (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 56 nautical miles (104 km) north west of Port Said, Egypt by SM UC-34 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of three of her crew.
Huibertje (Netherlands) The fishing vessel was scuttled in the North Sea 25 nautical miles (46 km) off the Dutch coast by SM UC-47 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of a crew member.
Morning Star (United Kingdom) The coaster was scuttled in the English Channel 10 nautical miles (19 km) south east by east of Barfleur, Manche, France by SM UB-30 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.

[Sailor Steve]

November 12, 1917

Air War:

0800 Two RNAS Camel pilots share a victory over a German two-seater:
Sub-Lt A.J. Beattie, B5650, nation and victory number unknown.
George Trapp, Canada, B6341, number 6.

0925 German ace Ludwig Hanstein, in an Albatros D.V, shoots down a Sopwith Camel for victory number 13.

1035 German pilot Franz Hemer, in an Albatros D.V, shoots down an RE.8 for victory number 2.

1135 German ace Heinrich Bongartz, in and Albatros D.V, shoots down RE.8 B5086 for victory number 22. 2nd Lt J.A. Higham and AM1 S. Hookway are both wounded.

1210 Two RFC pilots share a victory over an Albatros D.III:
Cecil Frederick King, England, Sopwith Camel B6210, victory number 1.
William McClanachan, Scotland, SE.5a A8913, number 7. This is also McClanachan's last aerial victory. He will survive the war to become a journalist known by the pen name 'McScotch'. There is also some controversy over McClanachan's claim to have been a close friend of Mick Mannnock.

1305 German ace Heinrich Kroll, flying an Albatros D.V, shoots down a Sopwith Camel for victory number 13.

1405 German pilot Vfw Gondermann (no first name listed), in an Albatros D.V, shoots down a Sopwith Camel for victory number 1.
(Two Camels were lost at about this time: B2405, Lt K.S. Corrison wounded and taken prisoner; B6342, Lt G.L. Trapp killed.)

1415 Canadian RFC pilot Bernard Beanlands, in DH.5 A9304, shoots down a German two-seater for victory number 4.

1545 German ace Julius Buckler, in an Albatros D.V, shoots down an RE.8 for victory number 25.

1550 English RFC observer Bruce Jackman, riding in Bristol F.2b B1115 with 2nd Lt I.R. Mees as pilot, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 4.

1800 Canadian RFC pilot Frank Quigley, flying Sopwith Camel B2447, shoots down an Albatros D.V for victory number 4.

French pilot François Battesti, in a Nieuport, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory number 3.

French pilot Henri Péronneau, in a SPAD, shoots down a German two-seater for victory number 3.

[Jimbuna]

13th November 1917

Western Front

Concentrated shelling of Ypres and Passchendaele salient by Germans, followed by infantry attack; repulsed by British.

Successful Belgian raid south-east of Nieuport.

German raids near Reims repulsed; they bomb Calais.

Southern Front

Great efforts by Austrians to force the Piave lines guarding Venice; they cross main stream at Zenson and Grisolera; further north they occupy islands in the river.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

British troops drive Turks from Wadi Sugheir; take many prisoners and guns. Turks seek refuge behind Wadi Surar, eight miles south of Jaffa.

Political, etc.

President Wilson: “What I am opposed to is not the feeling of pacifists, but their stupidity.”

M. Venizelos arrives in London.

Painleve Ministry resigns after defeat on vote of confidence in Chamber.

Fighting in Moscow and Petrograd between Bolsheviks and followers of Kerenski.

Ship Losses:

Amelie (Belgium) The cargo ship was sunk in the English Channel 7 nautical miles (13 km) south west of Start Point, Devon, United Kingdom (50°09′N 3°48′W) by SM UC-30 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Ardmore (United Kingdom) The passenger ship was torpedoed and sunk in St. George's Channel 13 nautical miles (24 km) west south west of the Coningbeg Lightship ( United Kingdom) by SM U-95 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of nineteen of her crew.
Atlas (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) south of the Owers Lightship ( United Kingdom) by SM UB-56 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Australbus (Australia) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 7 nautical miles (13 km) east of the Eddystone Lighthouse by SM UC-30 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of two of her crew.
Axminster (United Kingdom) The collier struck a mine laid by
UC 4 (Walter Schmitz) and sank in the North Sea off Lowestoft, Suffolk (52°26′N 1°48′E) with the loss of three of her crew.
Axwell (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) west south west of the Owers Lightship ( United Kingdom) by SM UB-56 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of three of her crew.
Carlo (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in St. George's Channel 7 nautical miles (13 km) south west by west of the Coningbeg Lightship ( United Kingdom) by SM U-95 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of two of her crew.

[Sailor Steve]

November 13, 1917

Air War:

1140 Two French SPAD XIII pilots share a victory over an Albatros fighter, model unknown. Uffz Theodor Seffig is taken prisoner.
Marcel Henriot, victory number 2.
George Lienhard, number 1.

1145 Scottish RNAS pilot Colin Peter Brown, in Sopwith Camel B6300, shoots down an Albatros D.V for victory number 1.

1205 German pilot Hans Sakowski, in Albatros D.V 5253/17, is shot down by British anti-aircraft guns and taken prisoner.

1210 English RNAS pilot Herbert Rowley, in Sopwith Triplane N5472, shoots down a German two-seater for victory number 5.

1230 Canadian RFC pilot Bernard Beanlands, in DH.5 A9304, is credited with shooting down two Albatros D.IIIs for victories number 5 and 6. Maat Friedrich Heinze of MFJ2 is taken prisoner.

1435 German ace Heinrich Kroll, flying an Albatros D.V, shoots down a Sopwith Camel for victory number 14.

1445 Two RFC pilots share a victory over an Albatros D.V:
John Candy, England, SPAD VII B6773, victory number 5.
Albert Carter, Canada, SPAD XIII B3498, number 5.

1500 Canadian RFC pilot Wilfred Beaver and English observer Cyril Agelasto, in Bristol F.2b B883, ahoot down an Albatros D.V. Victory number 1 for Beaver, number 2 for Agelasto.

1500 English pilot Robert Kirkman and observer Leslie Burbidge, in Bristol F.2b A7253, shoot down an Albatros D.V. Victory number 3 for Kirkman, number 4 for Burbidge.

1510 German ace Harald Auffarth, in an Albatros D.V, shoots down a Sopwith 1½ Strutter for victory number 6.

1515 German pilot Ltn Clauss (no first name given), flying an Albatros D.III, shoots down an RE.8 for victory number 1.

1420 Four RFC DH.5 pilots share a victory over a German two-seater:
2nd Lt A.L. Cuffie, B4924. nation and victory number unkown.
William Raymond Fish, A9300, victory number unknown. According to the Find A Grave website Fish was an American serving in the RFC. He apparently lived until 1944.
2nd Lt H.C. Leese, B4914, nation and victory number unknown.
Walter Tyrrell, Ireland, B4916, number 3.

1610 English RFC pilot Henry Moody, in Sopwith Camel B6238, claims a Junkers J.I shot down for victory number 4. German records say that no J.I was ever shot down. Moody's report says the enemy aircraft was "Out of control", which often means the pilot under attack through his machine into a spin, convincing the attacking pilot that it was indeed out of control. Possibly Moody really did bring down an armored metal aircraft, possibly not.

1655 German pilot Bruno Justinus, in Albatros D.V 4630/17, shoots down a Sopwith Camel for victory number 1. Sub-Lt George Leonard Trapp is killed. Trapp had two brothers who also died in the war. His sister was married to ace Raymond Collishaw.

French pilot Adj Dramard (no first name given), flying a SPAD, claims two "Enemy Aircraft" for victories number 3 and 4.

Italian pilot Mario Fucini, in either a Nieuport or an Hanriot HD.1, shoots down a two-seater for victory number 1.

French pilot Hector Garaud, in a SPAD, shoots down an "Enemy Aircraft" for victory number 3.

[Jimbuna]

14th November 1917

Western Front

British improve their line north-west of Passchendaele.

Artillery active in French sector.

Southern Front

Italians make firm stand on whole length of Piave, enemy held everywhere.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

General Allenby continues advance in Palestine; Jerusalem railway reached.

Political, etc.

In House of Commons, Mr. Lloyd George explains Allied War Council.

"Reprisal" Bill against Germans adopted in Brazilian Chamber.

Defeat of Kerenski: civil strife and much confusion in Petrograd.

German Socialists urge Germany to seek peace with the Bolshevik government in Petrograd.

Ship Losses:

Buenaventura (Spain) The schooner was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea south west of Sicily, Italy by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Dolly Warden (United Kingdom) The sailing vessel was shelled and sunk in the English Channel north west of Le Tréport, Seine-Maritime, France by SM U-58 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
HMT John Mitchell (Royal Navy) The naval trawler collided with another vessel and sank in the English Channel off the Isle of Wight.
Panaghia (Greece) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea (34°41′N 25°55′E) by SM UC-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Panormitis (Greece) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Serapitra (34°53′N 25°48′E) by SM UC-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Prophet (United Kingdom) The collier was torpedoed and sunk in the Aegean Sea 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) south east of Antikythera, Greece (35°47′N 23°22′E) by SM UC-74 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Trowbridge (United Kingdom) The collier was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 12 nautical miles (22 km) south east of Cabo De Gata, Almeria, Spain by SM U-63 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.

[Sailor Steve]

November 14, 1917

Air War:

Italian pilot Silvio Scaroni, flying a Nieuport 17, shoots down an Austro-Hungarian two-seater for victory number 1.

German pilot Renatus Heydacker, flying an Albatros D.III on the Macedonian front, shoots down a BE.2c for victory number 2. This is Heydacker's last recorded victory. He survives the war but after that the records are lacking.

German pilot Otto Splitgerber, in an Albatros D.III on the Macedonian front, shoots down an Avro 504 for victory number 4.

[Jimbuna]

15th November 1917

Western Front

Enemy attacks north of Menin road and north-east of Passchendaele repulsed.

Southern Front

Italians give ground both sides of the Brenta; enemy capture Cismon. On Lower Piave resistance maintained. Allied reinforcements arrive daily.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

General Allenby advances to within three miles of Jaffa.

Since 31 October over 9,000 prisoners taken.

Naval and Overseas Operations

Further actions on Makonde Plateau (East Africa).

Enemy driven from Chivata; make for Portuguese territory.

Political, etc.

M. Clemenceau accepts office and forms a new Minsstry. Himself Prime Minister and Minister of War, M. Pichon Foreign Minister.

Georgian Nobility declares its property national.

Flight of Kerenski. Bolsheviks in power in Petrograd. Bitter fighting in Moscow, over 4,000 killed.

Ship Losses:

De Dollart (Netherlands) The auxiliary sailing vessel was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Vigo, Spain by SM U-82 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of three of her crew.

[Sailor Steve]

November 15, 1917

Air War:

0740 Canadian RFC pilot Harry Lutz Symons, flying Sopwith Camel B2418, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

0815 RFC pilot Lt J.M. Leach, in Nieuport 27 B6800, shoots down an Albatros D.V. Records are difficult to match, but 21-victory ace Hans von Adam, in 5222/17, was killed at about this time.

0845 German ace Julius Buckler, in an Albatros D.V, shoots down RE.8 A4652 for victory number 26. 2ne Lts W.A. Barnett and G.J. Bakewell are both killed.

0935 English RFC ace Kenneth Montgomery, in Sopwith Camel B3929, shoots down an Albatros D.V for victory number 10. German 8-victory ace Richard Runge is killed at about this time.

0940 Canadian RFC pilot Earl McNabb Hand, in Sopwith Camel B2430 on the Italian front, shoots down an Albatros D.V for victory number 1.

0950 German ace Josef Veltjens, flying an Albatros D.V, shoots down an SE.5a for victory number 9.

1015 Two RFC SPAD VII pilots share a victory over a German two-seater:
Albert Carter, Canada, A8834, victory number 6.
Eric Olivier, England, A6714, number 3.

1055 German pilot Otto Eswein, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down Sopwith Camel B2458 for victory number 1. 2nd Lt T.P. Morgan is taken prisoner.

1115 German ace Heinrich Bongartz, in an Albatros D.V, shoots down Nieuport 27 B6800 for victory number 23. Lt J.M. Leach is wounded and taken prisoner.

1155 English RFC ace Philip Fullard, in Nieuport 27 B6789, shoots down an Albatros D.V for victory number 39. German 8-victory ace Hans Hoyer is killed.

1156 Canadian RFC pilot Lumsden Cummings, flying Nieuport 27 B6815, shoots down an Albatros D.V for victory number 4.

1156 Philip Fullard scores his second kill of the day, shooting down another Albatros D.V for number 40. This is Fullard's last aerial victory. He will survive the war, remain in the Royal Air Force and have an active career which will carry him through World War 2. He will retire from the RAF in 1946 and go on to serve as chairman of more than one engineering companuy. Philip Fletcher Fullard will die in 1984 at 86 years of age.

1245 Canadian RNAS ace Wilfred Curtis, in Sopwith Camel B6202, shoots down an Albatros D.V for victory number 10.

1245 Canadian RNAS pilot John Manuel, in Sopwith Camel B3869, shoots down an Albatros D.V for victory number 4.

1250 Scottish RFC pilot Peter Aitken MacDougall, in DH.5 B362, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1300 English RNAS pilot Hugh Maund, flying Sopwith Camel B6351, shoots down a German two-seater for victory number 2. Sharing the kill is Sub-Lt A.M. Alexander in Camel B6344.

1300 English RNAS pilot Frederick Hall, in Sopwith Camel B6320, shoots down an Albatros D.V for victory number 2.

1325 German pilot Kurt Reinhold, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down Sopwith Camel B2444 for victory number 1. Lt R. Mayberry is killed.

1330 English RFC pilot Ian Donald Roy McDonald, in DH.5 A9471, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

1515 English RFC pilot George Montague Cox, in Sopwith Camel B2411, shoots down an Albatros D.III for victory number 1.

[Jimbuna]

16th November 1917

Western Front

Intense fighting round Passchendaele. Good air work by Allies behind battle front.

Southern Front

Strong enemy onslaughts on whole Italian front. Italians give ground between Brenta and Piave, are driven from Mt. Prassolan, and retreat to Mt. Grappa. They hold enemy on Lower Piave.

Political, etc.

In the past 16 months, Britain has captured 131,731 prisoners of war, along with 705 artillery guns.

Lord Cowdray resigns Chairmanship of Air Board.

M. Venizelos welcomes at Mansion House.

Ship Losses:

Alfredo Cappellini (Regia Marina) The Alfredo Cappellini-class monitor capsized and sank in the Adriatic Sea off Ancona.
Elza Alexander (Belgium) The cargo ship sank after a collision with HMS P18 ( Royal Navy) in the English Channel off Le Havre, Seine-Maritime, France.
Garron Head (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Bay of Biscay 40 nautical miles (74 km) north by east of Bayonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France (44°13′N 1°29′W) by SM U-103 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of 28 crew.
Gasconia (United Kingdom) The collier was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 12 nautical miles (22 km) north east of Cape Cherchell, Algeria by SM U-63 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of three crew.
Jules Verne (France) The sailing vessel struck a mine laid by UC 64 (Ernst Müller-Schwarz) and sank in the English Channel off Dieppe, Seine-Maritime.
Kyno (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 9 nautical miles (17 km) north north east of Cape Cherchell by SM U-63 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of five crew.
Margaret L. Roberts (United States) The three-masted schooner was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean off Madeira, Portugal (33°20′N 19°30′W) by SM U-151 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Naalso (French Navy) The naval trawler struck a mine laid by UC 71 (Reinhold Saltzwedel) and sank in the Bay of Biscay 8 nautical miles (15 km) west north west of the Île d'Yeu, Vendée (46°49′N 2°33′W). All eleven crew were rescued by Baron Daviliers ( French Navy).

[Sailor Steve]

November 16, 1917

Air War:

1215 German pilot Reinhard Treptow, flying a Roland D.IIa on the Macedonian Front, shoots down an Avro 504 two-seater for victory number 5.

German pilot Lt Armbrecht (no first name given), in an Albatros D.V on the Italian Front, destroys an Italian observation balloon for victory number 2. This is also his last aerial victory. Armbrecht apparently survived the war, as of August 1918 he was working directly for Idflieg. Further records are unavailable.

[Jimbuna]

17th November 1917

Western Front

British salient widened on Passchendaele ridge.

Successful raid south of River Scarpe.

Surprise attacks by French south-east of St. Quentin and in Champagne.

Southern Front

Fierce mountain fighting: Germans take Quero and Monte Cornella.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

British troops capture Jaffa; Turks again retire north.

Naval and Overseas Operations

In the second Battle of Heligoland Bight, a clash between a British and German squadron ends indecisively, with 1 British light cruiser damaged against 1 German minesweeper sunk and 1 light cruiser damaged.

United States Navy destroyers USS "Fanning" and USS "Nicholson" capture Imperial German Navy U-boat SM "U-58" off the south-west coast of Ireland, the first combat action in which U.S. ships take a submarine (which is then scuttled).

In East Africa British troops pursue enemy and occupy Lutshemi.

Political, etc.

President Wilson and the Cabinet approves plan to force German males over the age of 14 residing in the US to register with the government.

Ship Losses:

SMS A50 (Kaiserliche Marine) The A26-class torpedo boat struck a mine and sank in the North Sea with the loss of eighteen of her crew.
Adolph Andersen (Denmark) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Bay of Biscay 6 nautical miles (11 km) off Brest, Finistère, France (48°30′N 4°55′W) by SM UC-77 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of a crew member.
USS Chauncey (United States) The Bainbridge-class destroyer collided with Rose ( United Kingdom and sank in the Atlantic Ocean 110 nautical miles (200 km) west of Gibraltar with the loss of 21 of her 91 crew. Survivors were rescued by Rose.
Clan Maccorquodale (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 165 nautical miles (306 km) north west of Alexandria, Egypt (33°26′N 27°52′E) by SM UB-51 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Croxteth Hall (United Kingdom) The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the Indian Ocean 25 nautical miles (46 km) west of Bombay, India with the loss of nine of her crew.
Lalen Mendi (Spain) The cargo ship was sunk in the English Channel 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) south of Beachy Head, East Sussex, United Kingdom by SM UB-56 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of five of her crew.
Modemi (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the North Sea 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) off Whitby, Yorkshire, United Kingdom by SM UC-48 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
SM U-58 The Type U 57 submarine was depth charged and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean (51°37′N 8°12′W) by USS Fanning and USS Nicholson with the loss of two of her 40 crew.
SM UC-51 (Kaiserliche Marine) The Type UC II submarine struck a mine and sank in the English Channel (50°08′N 3°42′W) with the loss of all 26 crew.
Victoria (United Kingdom) The coaster was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 14 nautical miles (26 km) west of the Eddystone Lighthouse by a Kaiserliche Marine submarine.
Western Coast (United Kingdom) The collier was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 10 nautical miles (19 km) west south west of the Eddystone Lighthouse (50°07′N 4°30′W) by SM UB-40 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of seventeen of her crew.