100 Years Ago Today

[Sailor Steve]

February 16, 1917

Air War:
0930 English observer John William Aldred, riding in BE.2c 2533 with Sgt H.G. Smith as pilot, is credited with two Albatros D.IIs. One of them is German 2-kill pilot Hans Gutermuth, who is killed.

1300 German pilot Karl Almenröder, In an Albatros D.III, shoots down BE.2c 4179 for victory number 1. 2nd Lts E.W. Lindley and L.V. Munn are listed as Missing.

1500 German ace Hartmuth Baldamus, in an Albatros D.III, claims a Nieuport, but it is unconfirmed.
(The Aerodrome.com says it was N.17 2183, pilot not listed. The Jasta War Chronology has it as N.17 2409, Brig Gerared missing in action.)

1555 German pilot Sebastian Festner, in an Albatros D.III, shoots down FE.8 7635 for victory number 2. Pilot name and fate unknown.
(per The Aerodrome.com. The Jasta War Chronology has 7635 as an FE.2b and the time as 1210. UK Serials website says FE.8, so that is more likely.)

Italian pilot Fulco di Calabria, in a Nieuport 17, shoots down an Albatros two-seater for victory number 4.

French pilot Jean Matton, in a Nieuport, shoots down an observation balloon for victory number 3.



Cornwall:
Otto Steinbrinck, commanding UC-65, sinks two ships just south of the Bristol Channel:
British freighter SS Queenswood, 2,710 tons, travelling in ballast from Rouen to Port Talbot.
French freighter SS Ville de Bayonne, 1,301 tons, bound from Barry for France with a load of coal.
Steinbrinck's score is now 108 ships and 103,723 tons.



English Channel:
Ralph Wenninger, in UC-17, sinks French freighter SS Hermine, 3,940 tons, en route from the West Indies to Le Havre with an unnamed cargo. His score is now 41 ships and 26,949 tons.



North Sea:
Franz Walther, in UB-21, begins his U-Boat career with the sinking of British freighter SS Lady Ann, 1,016 tons, travelling from Sunderland to Rochester with a load of coal, southeast of Scarborough.

His Majesty's Trawler Recepto, 245 tons, hits a mine laid off Tees Bay by Heinrich Stenzler in UC-30. His score is now 3 ships and 1,082 tons.



Bay of Biscay:
Reinhold Saltzwedel, in UC-21, torpedoes French freighter SS Niobe, 1,319 tons, bringing his score to 40 ships and 59,436 tons.
Saltswedel also attacks British freighter SS Pollcrea, 1,209 tons, carrying a load of coal frm Cardiff to Bayonne, with his deck gun. the damaged ship is beached and repaired.



Golfo de Cádiz:
Otto Hersing, in U-21, stops and scuttles two British schooners sailing together from St. John's, Newfoundland to Oporto, Portugal with loads of codfish:
Mayola, 146 tons.
Rose Dorothea, 147 tons.
Hersing's score is now 23 vessels and 66,762 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, in U-35, sinks two Italian freighters off Alicante, Spain:
1450 SS Oriana, 3,132 tons, carrying a general cargo from Genoa to Montevideo.
1600 SS Prudenza, 3,307 tons, en route from Buenos Aires to Livorno with a load of maize.
Von Arnauld's score is now 146 ships and 292,849 tons.



Alfred Klatt, in UC-38, sinks Greek freighter SS Laertis, 3,914 tons, en route from Genoa to La Goulette, off Marittimo Island, west of Sicily. His score is now 3 ships and 4,091 tons.

[Jimbuna]

17th February 1917

Western Front

South of the Ancre British penetrate 1,000 yards into enemy positions on a front of 1.5 miles. North of the Ancre British take hostile trenches on a 1,000 yard front. In these two operations 773 prisoners taken.

North-west of Altkirch (Alsace) French raid enemy salient, inflicting heavy loss.

Eastern Front

Lavkassa river (south-west of Dvinsk) Germans clad in white raid Russian lines, taking about 50 prisoners.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

Near Kut, British progress on south bank of Tigris.

north bank an attack on the Sanna-i-Yat positions fails.

French ship SS Athos, carrying Senegalese soldiers, Chinese labourers, and civilian passengers, is sunk by SM U-65, resulting in 754 deaths.

Britain closes the harbour of Plymouth, England to all ships not belonging to Britain and the Entente.

Political, etc.

British war loan raises a record of £2 billion, financed largely by small, private investors (the loans are redeemed in 2015).

Entente Powers call the Government's attention to hostile attitude of Greek press.

Greek Government search private dwellings for hidden arms.

New Australian Government.

Ship Losses:

Ala (Italy) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Strait of Sicily by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Athos (France) The troopship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 200 nautical miles (370 km) south east of Malta by SM U-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of 754 lives.
Bayonne (France) The full-rigged ship was scuttled in the English Channel 25 nautical miles (46 km) off Start Point, Devon, United Kingdom by SM U-84 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Cabo (Norway) The cargo ship was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 20 nautical miles (37 km) south west of Ar Men, Finistère, France (45°00′N 5°09′W) by SM UC-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Dalbeattie (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 40 nautical miles (74 km) south south west of the Fastnet Rock by SM U-60 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Driebergen (Netherlands) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 90 nautical miles (170 km) west of Ouessant, Finistère (48°19′N 7°01′W) by SM UC-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Emilia I (Portugal) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean west of Portugal by SM U-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Excel (United Kingdom) The trawler was shelled and sunk in the North Sea 53 nautical miles (98 km) north east of the mouth of the River Tyne by SM UB-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
HMS Farnborough (Royal Navy) The Q-ship was torpedoed and damaged in the Atlantic Ocean south of Ireland (51°34′N 11°23′W) by SM U-83 ( Kaiserliche Marine). She was subsequently taken in tow and beached at Berehaven, County Cork. Later repaired and returned to service.
HMT Hawk (Royal Navy) The naval trawler was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 140 nautical miles (260 km) east by south of Malta (34°05′N 16°18′E) by SM U-64 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of seven crew.
Iolo (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 40 nautical miles (74 km) south by west of the Fastnet Rock (50°43′N 9°30′W) by SM U-60 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of two crew. Four survivors were taken as prisoners of war.
Lima (Portugal) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean west of Portugal by SM U-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Okement (United Kingdom) The collier was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 140 nautical miles (260 km) south east by south of Malta (34°05′N 16°18′E) by SM U-64 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of eleven crew.
Ootmarsum (Netherlands) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 65 nautical miles (120 km) west of Ouessant (48°40′N 6°45′W) by SM UC-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Pier Accavan Ubert (Italy) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 15 nautical miles (28 km) north of Ibiza, Spain by SM U-35 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Romsdalen (United Kingdom) The collier was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 10 nautical miles (19 km) south west of Portland Bill, Dorset (50°22′N 2°35′W) by SM U-84 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Silene (France) The schooner was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 50 nautical miles (93 km) nortu of Ouessant by SM UC-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Trompenburg (Netherlands) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 65 nautical miles (120 km) west of Ouessant (48°40′N 6°45′W) by SM UC-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
U-83 (Kaiserliche Marine) The Type U 81 submarine was attacked and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Ireland by the Q-ship HMS Farnborough ( Royal Navy). Thirty-five of her 37 crew were killed.
Worcestershire (United Kingdom) The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the Indian Ocean 10 nautical miles (19 km) south west of Colombo, Ceylon with the loss of two of her crew.

[Sailor Steve]

February 17, 1917

Air War:
1715 German ace Friedrich Mannschott, flying an Albatros D.II, shoots down a Caudron two-seater for victory number 7.

German pilot Emil Meinecke, flying a Fokker E.III on the Turkish Front, shoots down Bristol Scout D 8996 for victory number 3. Lt Gordon T. Bysshe is captured.



Celtic Sea:
Karlgeorg Schuster, commanding U-60, sinks two freighters near Fastnet:
Norwegian SS Dalbeattie, 1,327 tons, bound from Glasgow for Gibraltar with a load of coal.
British SS Iolo, 3,840 tons, en route from Cardiff to La Spezia with a load of coal.
Schuster's score is now 7 ships and 22,998 tons.

Bruno Hoppe, in U-83, torpedoes a British freighter and surfaces to finish it off with his deck gun. This turns out to be Q-Ship HMS Farnborough, 3,207 tons. Farnborough's first shot kills Hoppe and the U-Boat is quickly sunk. Eight crew members escape, but only two are rescued from the water, one of whom later dies from wounds.
The badly damaged Farnborough is beached at Berehaven, Ireland. Once repaired she becomes a merchant again. Captain Gordon Campbell is awarded the Victoria Cross for his efforts in saving his ship.

Herbert Pustkuchen, in UC-66, sinks three Dutch ships west of Ushant:
SS Driebergen, 1,884 tons, en route from Port Talbot to Huelva with a load of coal.
SS Ootmarsum, 2,313 tons, travelling from Penarth to Las Palmas with an unspecified cargo.
SS Trompenberg, 1,608 tons, also from Penarth to Las Palmas with an unnamed cargo.
Pustkuchen's score is now 61 ships and 84,972 tons.



English Channel:
Walter Roehr, in U-84, stops and scuttles two ships near Start Point:
French sailing ship Bayonne, 2,589 tons, en route from New York to Ipswich with 3,300 tons of maize and barley.
British freighter SS Romsdalen, 2,548 tons, carrying a load of patent fuel from Swanswa to Calais.
Roehr's score is now 10 ships and 25,837 tons.



North Sea:
Franz Walther, in UB-21, stops and sinks British trawler Excel, 157 tons, off the mouth of the Tyne River with his deck gun. His score is now 2 ships and 1,173 tons.



Bay of Biscay:
Reinhold Saltzwedel, in UC-21, sinks two Allied ships:
Norwegian freighter SS Cabo, 1,254 tons, carrying a load of coal from Newport, Wales to Seville, Spain; captured and scuttled.
French schooner Silene, 171 tons.
Saltzwedel's score is now 42 ships and 60,681 tons.



Portugal:
Otto Hersing, in U-21, scuttles two Portuguese vessels just off Lisboa:
Fishing boat Emilia I, 25 tons.
Schooner Lima, 108 tons, travelling in ballast from Lisboa to Setubal.



Balearic Sea:
1000 Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, in U-35, sinks Italian sailing vessel Pier Accavan Ubert, 112 tons, north of Ibiza Island. His score is now 147 vessels and 292,961 tons.



Straigt of Sicily:
Leading U-Boat ace Walter Forstmann, in U-39, sinks Italian sailing vessel Ala, 359 tons, raising his score to 144 ships and 296,655 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Robert Moraht, in U-64, sinks two British vessels:
HMT Hawk, 243 tons, torpedoed escorting a convoy.
SS Okement, 4,349 tons, carrying coal and a general cargo from Malta to an unlisted destination.
Moraht's score is now 7 ships and 14,413 tons.



Hermann von Fischel, in U-65, sinks French passenger liner SS Athos, 12,644 tons, carrying passengers, troops, mail and general cargo from Yokohama to Marseille. 754 lives are lost. von Fischel's score is now 2 ships and 21,867 tons.



Simonstown, South Africa:
Aboard HMFM Trent the Court Martial is concluded and four mutineers sentenced to ninety days imprisonment ashore with hard labour.

[Jimbuna]

18th February 1917

Western Front

North of the Ancre strong enemy attack on new British positions above Baillescourt Farm caught by concentrated fire and smashed.

Eastern Front

In the Trotus valley (Moldavia), Russian surprise attack captures strong position on high ground.

Southern Front

Junction of French and Italian troops in southern Albania, isolating Greece from Central Powers.

Political, etc.

Germany announces new war taxes to cover deficits that equals $312.5 million. Taxes will be applied to coal and transportation.

Former President Theodore Roosevelt expresses shock after seeing U.S. Army recruits practicing drills with broomsticks.

U.S. Treasury Department will no longer publicly disclose destinations &manifests of ships leaving the U.S. to protect them from submarines.

Swiss Federal Council proposes that it increase aid to people living in German-occupied areas of France and Belgium.

Report shows that the Empire of Japan in 1916 increased its shipbuilding output of merchant ships by more than 150% compared to 1915.

Ship Losses:

Berrima (United Kingdom) The passenger ship either struck a mine or was torpedoed and damaged in the English Channel 50 nautical miles (93 km) west of Portland Bill, Dorset with the loss of four lives. Her crew were rescued by the destroyer HMS Forester ( Royal Navy). Berrima was towed to Portland where she was repaired and returned to service.
HMT Clifton (Royal Navy) The naval trawler struck a mine and sank in the Irish Sea off the Daunts Rock Lightship ( United Kingdom) with the loss of thirteen of her crew.
Giuseppe (Italy) The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) south of Tarragona, Spain by SM U-35 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Guido T (Italy) The sailing vessel was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 15 nautical miles (28 km) south south east of Tarragona by SM U-35 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Jean Pierre (France) The three-masted schooner was scuttled in the Bay of Biscay 95 nautical miles (176 km) west of Pointe de la Coubre, Charente-Maritime (45°48′N 3°05′W) by SM U-50 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Juno (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the English Channel 15 nautical miles (28 km) south south west of Start Point, Devon, United Kingdom (49°59′N 3°41′W) by SM U-84 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Netherton (United Kingdom) The barquentine was scuttled in the English Channel 16 nautical miles (30 km) south of Anvil Point, Dorset by SM UC-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Skogland (Sweden) The cargo ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea[220] 6 nautical miles (11 km) south of Tarragona by SM U-35 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Thorgny (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the English Channel 15 nautical miles (28 km) south west of Start Point, Devon (49°57′N 3°53′W) by SM UC-17 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Triumph (United Kingdom) The ketch was shelled and sunk in the English Channel 45 nautical miles (83 km) north north west of the Roches-Douvres Lighthouse, Côtes-du-Nord, France by SM UC-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Valdes (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 7 nautical miles (13 km) south of Portland Bill by SM U-84 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of eleven of her crew.

[Sailor Steve]

February 18, 1917

Air War:
German pilot Rudolf von Eschwege, flying a Fokker E.III for Bulgaria on the Greek front, shoots down a BE.12 for victory number 4. British Lt J.C.F. Owen is captured. also facing von Eschwege is British ace Cpt Gilbert Green, whose gun jams, allowing von Eschwege to escapt.

German pilot Bodo von Lyncker is credited with his second and last victory, an unidentified Nieuport. While attacking the enemy the planes collide, killing all involved.




Ireland:
His Majesty's Trawler Clifton, 242 tons, hits a mine laid off Daunt Rock by Martin Schelle in UC-33. Thirteen lives are lost, including Master Edward Garrod. Schelle's score is now 3 ships and 2,386 tons.



English Channel:
Walter Roehr, in U-84, attacks four ships, sinking two of them:
British passenger ship SS Berrima, travelling from Fremantle to London with a load of produce is torpedoed but towed to safety.
British freighter SS Hunsworth, 2,991 tons, en route from Clyde to Karachi with an unspecified cargo is torpedoed off Portland Bill but makes safe port.
Norwegian freighter SS Juno, 2,416 tons, carrying automobiles, machinery, copper and provisions from New York to Le Havre is sunk off Start Point.
British freighter SS Valdes, 2,233 tons, bound from Manchester for Cherbourg with a load of flour and hay is torpedoed and sunk off Portland Bill.
Roehr's score is now 12 ships and 30,486 tons.

Ralph Wenninger, in UC-17, sinks Norwegian freighter SS Thorgny, 734 tons, travelling from Grimssby to Hennebont with a load of pig iron. His score is now 42 ships and 27,683 tons.

Wilhelm Kiel, in UC-18, stops and scuttles British brigantine Netherton, 199 tons, en route from Le Havre to Briton Ferry with a load of steel turnings. His score is now 37 ships and 38,603 tons.

Reinhold Saltzwedel, in UC-21, sinks British ketch Triumph, travelling in ballast from Saint Brieuc to Plymouth, with his deck gun. His score is now 43 ships and 60,733 tons.



Bay of Biscay:
Gerhard Berger, in U-50, stops and scuttles French schooner Jean Pierre, 449 tons, carrying a load of wood from Saint Lucie to Bordeaux. His score is now 10 ships and 25,814 tons.



Balearic Sea:
Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, in U-35, sinks three Allied ships off Tarragona, Spain:
0830 Italian freighter SS Giuseppe, 1,865 tons, en route from West Hartlepool to Genoa with a load of coal.
1500 Italian sailing vessel Guido T, travelling from Oran to Genoa with a load of grass.
1600 Swedish freighter SS Skogland, carrying a load of coal from Norfolk, Virginia to Bagnoli.
Von Arnauld's score is now 150 ships and 298,406 tons, placing him back in the lead for tonnage sunk.

Robert Moraht, in U-64, attacks British freighter SS Asturian, travelling from Liverpool to Alexandria with a general cargo, using his deck gun. The ship is only damaged and makes port safely.

[Jimbuna]

19th February 1917

Western Front

South of Le Transloy (Somme) Germans using flammenwerfer capture a British advanced post and 30 prisoners.

East of Ypres British do great damage to enemy positions, and take 114 prisoners in a big raid.

Naval

German submarine SM UC-18, which had sunk 35 ships during its career, is sunk by the British Q-Ship Lady Olive.

Political, etc.

Government decide to revise exemption certificates for men under 31.

Britain resumes regular coal shipments to Norway after Norway agreed to stop exports of pyrites to Germany.

German Imperial Bank urges German men and women to sell their gold and jewels to the bank for the war effort.

Official German Army deaths, excluding colonial troops, now numbers 988,329 men since the war’s start. Total casualties pass 4 million.

Ship Losses:

Alice (France) The fishing vessel was sunk in the English Channel north west of Fécamp, Seine-Maritime (49°49′N 0°18′E) by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Brigade (United Kingdom) The coaster was shelled and sunk in the English Channel 12 nautical miles (22 km) north west of Cayeux-sur-Mer, Somme, France (50°17′N 1°10′E) by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Centurion (United Kingdom) The full-rigged ship was scuttled in the English Channel 15 nautical miles (28 km) south east of The Lizard, Cornwall by SM UC-17 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Corso (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 110 nautical miles (200 km) south by west of Malta (35°09′N 14°28′E) by SM U-64 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived, but four survivors were taken as prisoners of war.
Halcyon (United Kingdom) The trawler struck a mine laid by U 71 (Hugo Schmidt) and sank in the Atlantic Ocean off the Butt of Lewis, Outer Hebrides with the loss of ten crew.
Headley (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 35 nautical miles (65 km) south south west of the Bishop Rock, Isles of Scilly by SM U-67 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Justine Marie (Belgium) The fishing vessel was sunk in the English Channel off Dieppe, Seine-Maritime by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
HMS Lady Olive (Royal Navy) The Q-ship was sunk in the English Channel west of Jersey Channel islands by SM UC-18 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew were rescued by Dunois ( French Navy).
HMT Picton Castle (Royal Navy) The naval trawler struck a mine laid by UC 17 (Ralph Wenninger) and sank in the English Channel 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) south of Dartmouth, Devon with the loss of twelve of her crew.
Pinmore (United Kingdom) The sailing vessel was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 540 nautical miles (1,000 km) north west of the St Paul Rocks, Brazil by SMS Seeadler ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Quinto (Italy) The cargo ship was sunk in the Tyrrhenian Sea south of Rome by SM UC-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Rutenfjell (Norway) The cargo ship struck a mine laid by UC 21 (Reinhold Saltzwedel) and sank in the Bay of Biscay 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) north east of Kerdonis, Belle Île, Morbihan, France (47°20′N 3°01′W) with the loss of a crew member.
Saint Louis de Gonzague (France) The fishing vessel was sunk in the English Channel 10 nautical miles (19 km) west of Étaples, Pas-de-Calais by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Sigrid (Russia) The cargo ship was sunk in the North Sea 30 nautical miles (56 km) north east of Unst, Shetland Islands, United Kingdom (60°50′N 0°10′E) by SM U-49 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Skrim (Norway) The coaster was sunk in the English Channel 20 nautical miles (37 km) north north west of Le Tréport, Seine-Maritime by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
SM UC-18 (Kaiserliche Marine) The Type UC II submarine was sunk in the English Channel west of Jersey (49°15′N 2°34′W) by the Q ship HMS Lady Olive ( Royal Navy) with the loss of all 28 crew.
Violette (France) The boat was sunk in the English Channel 10 nautical miles (19 km) west of Étaples by SM UC-65 ( Kaiserliche Marine).

[Sailor Steve]

February 19, 1917

Air War:
German pilot Rudolf von Eschwege, flying a Fokker E.III on the Macedonian Front, claims a Nieuport 12 two-seater, but it goes unconfirmed.



Celtic Sea:
Hans Nieland, commanding U-67, torpedoes British freighter SS Headley, 4,953 tons, bound from Portland, Maine for London with a general cargo, just off the west end of the English Channel. His score is now 17 ships and 21,667 tons.



Scotland:
British trawler Halcyon, 190 tons, hits a mine laid by Hugo Schmidt in U-71 off the Butt of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides. His score is now 9 ships and 6,834 tons.
This is Schmidt's last sinking. He will briefly command U-97, but sink no more ships. He will serve oout the war in higher positions and live until April 1964.



English Channel:
His Majesty's Trawler Picton Castle hits a mine laid by Ralph wenninger in UC-17 just off Dartmouth Harbour.
The same day Wenninger himself stops and scuttles British sailing ship Centurion, 1,828 tons, carrying a load of timber from Pensacola to London, southeast of The Lizard.
Wenninger's score is now 44 ships and 29,756 tons.

Wilhelm Kiel, in UC-18, attacks a British freighter with his deck gun. This turns out to be Q-Ship HMS lady Olive, which first puts out a "Panic Party", pretending to abandon ship. Lady Olive then opens fire on UC-18 at a range of 100 yards. Two shots hit the conning tower and the third destroys the submarine's deck gun. UC-18 goes down by the bow. Lady Olive has also taken hits in the engine room and begins to sink. The crew abandon ship for real, and are rescued by the French destroyer Dunois thirty-two hours later. It seems likely that UC-18 was sunk by the gunfire of Lady Olive, but with no survivors to tell her tale this is not certain. She may have been sunk by some other cause. All that is know for sure is that UC-18 was never heard from again.
Kiel's final score is 38 ships and 39,304 tons.

Otto Steinbrinck, in UC-65, sinks six vessels near the Straigt of Dover:
French fishing vessel Alice, 18 tons.
British coaster SS Brigade, 425 tons, carrying a load of flints from Saint Valery to Weston Point.
Belgian fishing vessel Justine Marie, 16 tons.
French fishing vessel Saint Louis de Gonzague, 53 tons.
Norwegian freighter SS Skrim, 727 tons, travelling in ballast from Tréport to Bordeaux.
French fishing vessel Violette, 36 tons.
Steinbrinck's score is now 113 vessels and 104,998 tons.



North Sea:
Richard Hartmann, in U-49, sinks Russian freighter SS Sigrid, 2,194 tons, east of Unst Island, in the Shetlands. His score is now 19 ships and 37,957 tons.



Bay of Biscay:
Norwegian freighter SS Rutenfjell, 1,844 tons, travelling from Newcastle to Chantenay with a load of coal, hits a mine laid by Reinhold Saltzwedel in UC-21. His score is now 44 ships and 62,577 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Robert Moraht, in U-64, sinks British freighter SS Corso, 3,242 tons, en route from Bombay to Hull with a general cargo. His score is now 8 ships and 17,655 tons.



Tyrhennian Sea:
Alfred Klatt, in UC-38, sinks Italian freighter SS Quinto, 1,796 tons, south of Rome. His score is now 4 ships and 5,887 tons.



Simonstown, South Africa:
Aboard HMFM Trent, the crew are asked to sight T124Z, a form placing them under the Naval Discipline Act. This is normal for civilian ships operating under Naval control, but apparently Trent's crew were still operating under the civilian Board of Trade agreement. No record of how many signed.

[Jimbuna]

20th February 1917

Western Front

At the Somme, German troops capture a British strongpoint south of Transloy, taking 30 prisoners.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

At Nakhl and Bir el Hassana (between Suez and Akaba) two small Turkish posts surprised and scattered by British.

Political, etc.

Report shows that out of 9,291 ships that arrived and left Britain in the first half of February, 101 ships were sunk by the Germans.

Arthur Ponsonby, Charles P. Trevelyan, Philip Snowden & other MPs in the House of Commons declare the Allies are pursuing war of conquest.

President Wilson asks for powers from Congress "to enforce the obligations imposed by the laws of nations and by American statutes".

Ship Losses:

Cacique (France) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 250 nautical miles (460 km) west of the Île d'Yeu, Vendée (46°41′N 8°21′W) by SM U-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of 21 crew.
Doravore (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the Tyrrhenian Sea south of Elba, Italy (42°11′N 11°22′E) by SM UC-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Falls of Afton (Norway) The barque was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 8 nautical miles (15 km) south west of the Wolf Rock, Cornwall, United Kingdom (49°50′N 5°55′W) by SM UC-17 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived, one of them was taken aboard SM UC-17 at his request.
Rosalie (United Kingdom )The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 8 nautical miles (15 km) east of Djidjelli, Algeria (37°01′N 5°54′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of 21 crew.

[Sailor Steve]

February 20, 1917

Air War:
1200 German pilot Ernst Udet, flying an unknown aircraft (one source seems to show him flying a Fokker D.III, but another has them all being grounded in December), shoots down a Nieuport for victory number 4. German records don't mention the pilot, but French records show a MdL Pierre de Cazenove de Pradines forced to crash-land following a fight. As this was the only French loss this day, de Pradines was Udet's likely victim.



Celtic Sea:
Ralph Wenninger, commmanding UC-17, stops and scuttles Norwegian barque Falls of Afton, 1,965 tons, bound from Buenos Aires for Rotterdam with a load of linseed, southwest of Wolf Rock, right at the western entrance to the Channel. A German national is taken on board UC-17 at his own request. Wenninger's score is now 45 ships and 31,721 tons.



Bay of Biscay:
Otto Hersing, in U-21, sinks French freighter SS Cacique, 2,917 tons, en route from bordeaux to New York with an unspecified cargo. His score is now 26 ships and 69,812 tons.



Tyrhennian Sea:
Alfred Klatt, in UC-38, sinks Norwegian freighter SS Doravore, 2,760 tons, travelling from Genoa to Naples with a load of zinc ore and a general cargo. His score is now 5 ships and 8,647 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Walter Forstmann, in U-39, sinks British freighter SS Rosalie, 4,237 tons, carrying munitions and oats from New York to Salonika, off Djidjelli, Algeria. His score is now 145 ships and 300,892 tons, making him the first U-Boat captain to reach the 300,000-ton mark as well as putting him back in the scoring lead.



Simonstown, South Africa:
Cruiser HMS Challenger entered drydock yesterday, apparently for a bottom scraping, because just one day later she leaves the drydock and moors by a pier.

[Jimbuna]

21st February 1917

Western Front

Germans begin to withdraw in front of Serre.

Eastern Front

Near Jakobeny the Russians repulse a strong German attack.

Southern Front

At Tarvis (Trentino) Italian artillery destroy Austrian railhead.

Naval and Overseas Operations

Off Cartagena (south-east Spain) spare parts for submarines are discovered in a buoy.

Transport "Mendi", South African labour contingent, sunk in collision.


Political, etc.

New British Blockade orders issued. Vessels sailing to and from neutral countries, which have access to the enemy, must put into a British port for examination, or be liable to capture.

German Foreign Affairs Secretary Zimmermann expresses confidence that Germany will achieve its aims with submarine warfare.

Strike at the Krupp works in Essen, Germany continues, with several thousand workers demanding higher wages and increased food rations.

$600 million of gold will be sent from Europe to the U.S. this February.

U.S. House of Representatives vote 321 to 72 approving total prohibition of alcohol in 19 states.

Nationwide protests against high food prices continue in the U.S. One protestor is killed in Philadelphia.

Ship Losses:

Alice (Norway) The coaster was sunk in the English Channel 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) north of Cap d'Antifer, Seine-Maritime, France (49°49′N 0°18′E) by SM UB-40 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Dukat (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 7 nautical miles (13 km) south south east of Ballycotton, County Cork, United Kingdom by SM U-84 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Energy (United Kingdom) The fishing smack was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 11 nautical miles (20 km) south south east of the Eddystone Lighthouse (49°57′N 4°40′W) by SM UC-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
K.L.M. (United Kingdom) The fishing smack was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 8 nautical miles (15 km) north west by west of the Eddystone Lighthouse by SM UC-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Manningham (Sweden) The cargo ship was sunk in the English Channel[249] 25 nautical miles (46 km) north of Ouessant, Finistère, France by SM UC-17 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
HMS Mendi (Royal Navy) The troopship was rammed and sunk in the English Channel off St Catherine's Point, Isle of Wight by Darro ( United Kingdom). A total of 646 passengers and crew were killed. Survivors were rescued by HMS Brisk ( Royal Navy).
Monarch (United Kingdom) The fishing smack was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 14 nautical miles (26 km) south east by south of the Eddystone Lighthouse by SM UC-66 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Perseus (United Kingdom) The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the Indian Ocean 11 nautical miles (20 km) west of Colombo, Ceylon with the loss of three of her crew.
HMS Princess Alberta (Royal Navy) The fleet messenger struck a mine laid by UC 23 (Johannes Kirchner) and sank in Mudros Bay (39°47′N 25°06′E) with the loss of 33 lives.
Tecwyn (United Kingdom) The auxiliary schooner was shelled and sunk in the English Channel 20 nautical miles (37 km) south of Portland Bill, Dorset by SM U-60 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Wathfield (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 15 nautical miles (28 km) north of Cape Carbon, Algeria (37°00′N 4°56′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of eighteen crew.

[Sailor Steve]

February 21, 1917

Ireland:
Walter Roehr, commanding U-84, sinks Norwegian freighter SS Dukat, 1,408 tons, bound from Barry for Fayal with a load of coal. His score is now 13 ships and 31,894 tons.



English Channel:
Karlgeorg Schuster, in U-60, stops and scuttles British auxiliary motor schooner Tecwyn, 132 tons, en route from Saint Valery to Runcorn with a load of flints and boulders, off Portland Bill. His score is now 8 ships and 23,120 tons.

Hans Howaldt, in UB-40, sinks Norwegian freighter SS Alice, 709 tons, travenlling from Port Talbot to Tréport with a load of coal. His score is now 10 ships and 5,280 tons.

Ralph Wenninger, in UC-17, sinks Swedish freighter SS Manningham, 1,988 tons, en route from Penarth Dock to Saint Vincent, Cape Verde Islands with a load of coal, north of Ushant at the west end of the Channel. His score is now 46 ships and 33,709 tons.

Herbert Pustkuchen, in UC-66, sinks three British fishing smacks near Eddystone:
Energy, 25 tons.
K.L.M., 28 tons.
Monarch, 35 tons.
Pustkuchen's score is now 64 vessels and 85,060 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
Leading U-Boat ace Walter Forstmann, in U-39, sinks British freighter SS Wathfield, 3,012 tons, carrying a load of magnesite from Limni to Malta, north of Béjaïa, Algeria. His score is now 146 ships and 303,904 tons.



Aegean Sea:
British freighter SS Princess Alberta, 1,586 tons, en route from Stavros to Mudros with an unspecified cargo, hits a mine laid in Mudros Bay by Johannes Kirchner in UC-23. His score is now 6 ships and 16,517 tons.



Simonstown, South Africa:
Seven crewmen from HMFM Trent are sent ashore for a medical examination. While they are returning one of them deserts.



Indian Ocean
British freighter SS Perseus, 6,728 tons, carrying a general cargo from the Clyde River to Yokohama, hits a mine laid by SMS Wolf off Colombo, Ceylon (Sri Lanka).

[Jimbuna]

22nd February 1917

Western Front

East of Vermelles and south of Neuve Chapelle hostile raids repulsed with heavy loss.

North of Gueudecourt British take enemy trench and 30 prisoners. British push forward cautiously.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

At Sanna-i-Yat, General Maude launches fresh attack, capturing two lines of enemy trenches.

Naval and Overseas Operations

Seven Dutch ships sailing from Falmouth are attacked by submarine, in spite of German guarantee of security; four are sunk.

British merchant ships are now carrying phosphorus “smoke screens” to hide them from German U-Boats.

Political, etc.

British War Office declares that military operations against the Ottomans have successfully prevented them from reinforcing Germany.

In U.S.A., war tension appears critical. German agents instigating many disturbances.

Allied government ministers declare that captured German colonies in Africa and Asia will not be returned after the war.

Turkey declares her agreement with Germany on policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.

Swiss government seeks to use Genoa, Italy for exports & imports, as German ports are blockaded & French ports are threatened by U-boats.

Japanese businesses consider suspending shipping to Europe due to the U-boat threat, which has caused shipping costs to jump by 30%.

Ship Losses:

Adelina (Italy) The barque was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea east of Solenzara, Corsica, France (41°46′N 9°37′E) by SM UC-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Ajax (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the English Channel 30 nautical miles (56 km) north of Ouessant, Finistère, France by SM UC-17 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Ape (Italy) The sailing vessel was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea east of Solenzara (41°50′N 9°37′E) by SM UC-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Bandoeng (Netherlands) The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 30 nautical miles (56 km) north west of the Bishop Rock, Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom by SM U-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Blenheim (Norway) The barque was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 30 nautical miles (56 km) south south west of the Fastnet Rock by SM U-50 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Eemland (Netherlands) The cargo ship was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 30 nautical miles (56 km) north west of the Bishop's Rock (49°41′N 7°35′W) by SM U-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Frolic (United Kingdom) The trawler was shelled and sunk in the North Sea 90 nautical miles (170 km) east by south of Aberdeen by SM UC-42 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Gaasterland (Netherlands) The cargo ship was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 30 nautical miles (56 km) north west of the Bishop's Rock (50°10′N 7°05′W) by SM U-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Giovanni P. (Italy) The sailing vessel was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea east of Solenzara by SM UC-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Invercauld (United Kingdom) The barque was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 22 nautical miles (41 km) south east of Mine Head, County Cork by SM U-84 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Jacatra (Netherlands) The cargo ship was captured, torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 30 nautical miles (56 km) west of the Bishop's Rock (49°52′N 7°00′W) by SM U-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
John Miles (United Kingdom) The coaster was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea 11 nautical miles (20 km) south east of Hartlepool, County Durham (54°38′10″N 0°54′00″W) by SM UB-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of ten crew.
Lord Collingwood (United Kingdom) The trawler was sunk in the North Sea 85 nautical miles (157 km) east by south of Aberdeen by SM UC-42 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Michielino (Italy) The sailing vessel struck a mine laid by UC 38 (Alfred Klatt) and sank in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Noorderdijk (Netherlands) The cargo ship was captured, torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 30 nautical miles (56 km) north west of the Bishop's Rock by SM U-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Normanna (Norway) The cargo ship was scuttled in the English Channel by SM U-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Nostra Signora del Porto Salvo (United Kingdom) The brigantine was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea 35 nautical miles (65 km) west of Marettimo, Italy by SM UC-35 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Saint Sauveur (France) The schooner was sunk in the English Channel 30 nautical miles (56 km) north of Ouessant by SM UC-17 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
San Michele (Italy) The barque was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea east of Solenzara (41°40′N 9°40′E) by SM UC-38 ( Kaiserliche Marine).
Ville de Bougie (France) The coaster was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Algeria (36°55′N 4°40′E) by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Vincenzino (Italy) The sailing vessel struck a mine laid by UC 38 (Alfred Klatt) and sank in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Zaandijk (Netherlands) The cargo ship was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 30 nautical miles (56 km) north west of the Bishop's Rock (49°52′N 7°00′W) by SM U-21 ( Kaiserliche Marine).

[Sailor Steve]

February 22, 1917

Air War:
German 9-kill ace Albert Dossenbach takes command of Jasta 36.



Celtic Sea:
Otto Hersing, commanding U-21, sinks seven Allied ships near Bishop Rock:
Dutch freighter SS Bandoeng, 5,851 tons, bound from Batavia for Rotterdam with a load of produce from Java. One year earlier, on February 15th, 1916, Bandoeng had survived hitting a mine laid by Ulrich Mohrbutter in UC-5.
Dutch freighter SS Eemland, 3,770 tons, travelling in ballast from Amsterdam and Falmouth to New York; scuttled.
Dutch freighter SS Gaasterland, 3,917 tons, en route from Rotterdam to Sandy Hook, New Jersey with an unspecified cargo; scuttled.
Dutch freighter SS Jacatra, 5,373 tons, Batavia to Rotterdam with an unspecified cargo; captured and torpedoed.
Dutch freighter SS Noorderdijk, 7,166 tons, carrying a load of corn meal and wheat from New York to Rotterdam; captured and torpedoed.
Dutch freighter SS Zaandijk, 4,189 tons, travelling in ballast from Rotterdam and Falmouth to Philadelphia, scuttled. Zaandijk had previously survived hitting a mine laid by Alfred Nitzsche in UC-10.
Norwegian freighter SS Normanna, 2,900 tons, travelling from Savannah to Stavanger with a load of phosphates; scuttled.
Hersing also attacks Dutch freighter SS Menado, 5,874 tons, carrying produce from Batavia to Rotterdam, but the scuttling charges fail to sink the ship and it makes port safely.
Hersing's score is now 33 ships and 102,978 tons, sinking more than 33,000 tons in one day.

Walter Roehr, in U-84, stops and scuttles British barque Invercauld, 1,416 tons, en route from Gulfport to Fleetwood with a load of timeber. His score is now 14 ships and 33,310 tons.

West of Ireland:
Gerhard Berger, in U-50, sinks Norwegian freighter SS Blenheim, 1,144 tons, carrying a load of pitch pine from Pensacola to Greenock, bringing his score to 11 ships and 26,958 tons.



English Channel:
Ralph Wenninger, in UC-17, sinks two vessels north of Ushant:
Norwegian freighter SS Ajax, 1,468 tons, en route from Rufisque to Liverpool with a load of ground nuts.
French schooner Saint Sauveur, 158 tons, sailing from Swansea to Bordeaux.
Wenninger's score is now 48 ships and 35,336 tons.

Herbert Pustkuchen, in UC-66, torpedoes Dutch freighter SS Ambon, 3,598 tons, travelling from Amsterdam to Java with an unnamed cargo. between Start Point and Plymouth. The damaged ship manages to make safe port.



North Sea:
Franz Walther, in UB-21, torpedoes British freighter SS John Miles, 687 tons, en route from Newcastle to Shoreham with a load of coal. His score is now 3 ships and 1,860 tons.

British tanker SS Ashtabula, 7,025 tons, bound from Port Arthur for London, hits a mine laid near the Elbow Buoy (North Foreland) by Werner von Zerboni di Sposetti in UC-6. The damaged ship makes port safely.

Otto Heinrich begins his career in UC-42 with the sinking of two British trawlers off Aberdeen, Scotland:
Frolic, 183 tons.
Lord Collingwood, 148 tons.
Heinrich's opening score is two vessels and 331 tons.



Tyrhennian Sea:
Alfred Klatt, in UC-38, sinks six Italian vessels east of Corsica:
Barque Adelina, 528 tons; deck gun.
Barquentine Ape, 301 tons; deck gun.
Sailing vessel Giovanni P, 105 tons.
Sailboat Michielino, 20 tons; mine.
Barque San Michele, 583 tons; deck gun.
Sailing vessel Vincenzino, 20 tons; mine.
Klatt's score is now 11 vessels and 10,204 tons.

Ernst von Voight, in UC-35, stops and scuttles British brigantine Nostra Signora del Porto Salvo, 136 tons, carrying a load of wine from Alicante to Malta; off Isola di Marettimo, just west of Sicily. This is his first sinking since he torpedoed 19,380-ton passenger liner SS Merion on May 30, 1915. His score is now 2 ships and 19,516 tons.



Mediterranian Sea:
Leading U-Boat ace Walter Forstmann, in U-39, uses his deck gun to sink French freighter SS Ville de Bougie, 508 tons, travelling from Algiers to Bône with 10 tons of calcium carbure. His score is now 147 ships and 304,412 tons.



Simonstown, South Africa:
British troopship SS Tyndareus, which hit a mine on February 6th leading to rescue operations by HMFM Trent and tug Ludwig Wiener on the 7th and 8th, begins repairs.

[Jimbuna]

23rd February 1917

Western Front

British follow-up retreating Germans.

Eastern Front

North-west of Ocna (Moldavia) the Russians lose the heights of Magyaros, and 1,000 prisoners.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres

Above Kut British cross the Tigris at the Shumran bend, taking 544 prisoners. Simultaneously at Sanna-i-Yat British troops storm and take the third and fourth line of Turkish trenches.

Naval

German submarine SM UC-32, credited with sinking 6 ships, is accidentally sunk by its own mine.

Political, etc.

French Chamber of Deputies approves a resolution to recall some farmers serving at the front in order to boost food production.

Ship Losses:

Belgier (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Bay of Biscay 30 nautical miles (56 km) west of Belle Île, Morbihan, France (47°32′N 3°58′W) by SM UC-17 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Grenadier (United Kingdom) The cargo ship struck a mine laid by UC 4 (Georg Reimarus) and sank in the North Sea 6 nautical miles (11 km) east north east of the Shipwash Lightship ( United Kingdom) (52°06′N 1°42′E) with the loss of eight of her crew.
Iser (United Kingdom) The collier was torpedoed and sunk in the Bay of Biscay 14 nautical miles (26 km) north west of Belle Île (47°28′N 3°35′W) by SM UC-17 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of a crew member.
Katherine (United Kingdom) The sailing vessel was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 200 nautical miles (370 km) north east of the St Paul Rocks, Brazil by SMS Möwe ( Kaiserliche Marine); Her crew were taken as prisoners of war.
Longhirst (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 20 nautical miles (37 km) east of Cape Bon, Tunisia (37°08′N 11°25′E) by SM U-35 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of two crew.
Nyland (Norway) The cargo ship was sunk in the Bay of Biscay 12 to 13 nautical miles (22 to 24 km) off Groix, Morbihan (47°31′N 3°42′W) by SM UC-17 ( Kaiserliche Marine). Her crew survived.
Trojan Prince (United Kingdom) The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) north of Cape Churchell, Algeria by SM U-39 ( Kaiserliche Marine) with the loss of two crew.
SM UC-32 (Kaiserliche Marine) The Type UC II submarine was sunk by a mine she was laying off the Roker Pier Lighthouse, County Durham, United Kingdom (54°54′31″N 1°19′19″W) with the loss of all nineteen of her 22 crew.

[Sailor Steve]

February 23, 1917

Air War:
The first British night bombing unit, No. 100 Squardron RFC is established.



North Sea:
British freighter SS Grenadier, 1,004 tons, bound from Rotterdam to Newcastle with a general cargo, hits a mine laid by Georg Reimarus in UC-4 off the Shipwash Lightship. Reimarus' score is now 5 ships and 2,381 tons.

UC-32 hits one of her own mines and is destroyed. 22 crewmembers are lost, 3 survivors, including her captain, Herbert Breyer.



Bay of Biscay:
Ralph Wenninger, in UC-17, sinks three Allied ships near Belle Ile:
British frieghter SS Belgier, 4,588 tons, travelling from New York to Norfold and Le Havre with a general cargo.
British freighter SS Iser, 2,160 tons, en route from Newport, Wales to Rochefort with a load of coal.
Norwegian freighter SS Nyland, 1,824 tons, carrying a load of coal from Cardiff to Gibraltar.
Wenninger's score is now 51 ships and 43,908 tons.



Mediterranean Sea:
0715 Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière, in U-35, sinks British freighter SS Longhirst, 3,053 tons, carrying a load of barley and hay from Philippeville to Salonika, off Cape Bon. His score is now 151 ships and 301,459 tons.
at 1815 Von Arnauld attacks French troopship SS Mont Viso, 4,820 tons, but the damaged ship manages to make safe port.



Leading U-Boat ace Walter Forstmann, in U-39, sinks British freighter SS Trojan Prince, 3,196 tons, en route from London and Plymouth to Alexandria with a general cargo, off Cape Cherchell, Algeria. His score is now 148 shipls and 307,608 tons.