1812 Great Fire of Moscow burns out after 5 days, 75% of the city destroyed and 12,000 killed.
1947 The Central Intelligence Agency officially comes into existence after being established by President Truman in July.
1914 General Paul von Hindenburg named commander of German armies on the Eastern Front.
1939 William Joyce's first Nazi propaganda broadcast.
1944 British submarine Tradewind torpedoes Junyo Maru: 5,600 killed, including 1,377 allied POWs and 4,200 Javanese slave labourers.
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