41 Claudius succeeds his nephew Caligula as Roman Emperor after the later's assassination by officers of the Praetorian Guard.
1943 Adolf Hitler orders German troops at Stalingrad to fight to the death.
1943 Jewish patients, nurses and doctors incinerated at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
1958 After warming to 100,000,000 degrees, two light atoms are bashed together to create a heavier atom, resulting in first man-made nuclear fusion.
1972 Japanese Sgt. Shoichi Yokoi is found hiding in a Guam jungle, where he had been since the end of World War II.
2019 17 temperature records broken in South Australia including highest ever recorded for capital Adelaide at 46.6C
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