1942 British aircraft carrier HMS Eagle hit by 4 German torpedoes and sinks in the Mediterranean Sea, 81 miles south of Mallorca.
1945 Allies refuse Japan's offer to surrender on the condition that Emperor Hirohito retains his status.
1988 Al-Qaeda formed at a meeting between Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri and Dr Fadl in Peshawar, Pakistan.
2003 NATO takes over command of the peacekeeping force in Afghanistan, marking its first major operation outside Europe in its 54-year-history.
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