1914 German Emperor Wilhelm II threatens war, orders Russia to demobilize.
1941 U-boats sink and damage 21 allied ships this month (80,521 tons)
1945 Pierre Laval, fugitive former leader of Vichy France, surrenders to Allied soldiers in Austria.
1961 Israel welcomes its one millionth immigrant.
1970 Black Tot Day: the last day of the officially sanctioned rum ration in the Royal Navy (started 1740)
2007 Operation Banner, the presence of the British Army in Northern Ireland, and longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end.
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