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Originally Posted by Seminole
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As far as the map changing, it is to simulate "rigging for red" at dusk and going back to normal lighting at dawn. It serves the purposes of (1) keeping night vision so if you have to go outside or look out without warning you won't be blind (can take 30 minutes or so to adjust vison to dark), and (2) keep some reference for crew as to night/day.
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 ...Only problem with that theory is that the dawn,day, dusk,night lighting changes occur according to time shifts relative to your home base.
It does very little good to "rig for red" when it is broad daylight up on deck and it remains hours to nightfall at your current location. 
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Couple of things here, My map only turns 'red ish' when it is dusk till dawn locally. In fact I use it as a rough indicator of when the sun is setting so we can come up for fresh air.
"Rigged for red" was only used when the ship was preparing to surface after dark. It was done to allow the sailors pupils open and have better night vision. Under 'normal' conditions surfaced, submerged, day / night normal 'white' lighting was used. No they did not spend all night under red lighting. Some guys may have turned the lights down / off while sleeping.
I remember reading somewhere that modern subs alter lighting levels to simulate day / night cycle for moral purposes. See as how the boys literally havent seen the sun for months.