I don't know if you have ever read Edward Beach's "Run Silent, Run Deep" and "Dust on the Sea", but he goes into a lot of detail during the approaches against a target.
The captain is always raising and lowering the periscope during an approach for the very reason talked about above-avoiding detection.
Both the books are fiction and are great reads, but Beach served on subs during WWII and he knows what he's talking about. IIRC, he served either on the Wahoo or the Tang before their loss.
I highly recommend the above books, along with the third one in the "trilogy"-"Cold is the Sea". The last is during the cold war, but with some of the characters from the first 2.
He's written some other books on submarines as well, but I have not had a chance to read any of them, yet.