First thing is this: stay out of view of the target at all times.
Now, doing that, you want to get in front of them and into an attack position, then submerge and lie in wait until they arrive. This means that unless they are coming towards you, you have to do what is called an "end around". You'll need to run at high speed, on the surface, until you get well out in front of them, then move in towards the course they're taking. Once you get to your firing position, come to a stop and submerge.
Visibility varies depending on time and weather. During a bright and clear day, they can see you up to about 5 miles away. I try to stay 10 miles away during daylight. At night, I'd stay at least 5 miles away. Also, large IJN warships like battleships and carriers do have surface-search radar, so if you suspect any of these are in the opposing force, I'd try to stay 10-15 miles out. You cannot outrun anything submerged, so you need to get where you're going on the surface.
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We, the unwilling, led by the unknowing, are doing the impossible for the ungrateful. We have done so much, for so long, with so little, that we are now qualified to do anything with nothing.
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