More than likely the Mk 27 has sensor nodes on it, like the ASW ships and aircraft. The Mk. 18 probably lacks nodes, since it's a straight shooter (after turning to the proper course set by the TDC). If you sped up the Mk. 27 and improved it's listening range (out to 1,000 yards), it could mimic a Mk. 31 or other early post-war acoustic torpedo.
For a late Cold War acoustic torpedo, modify a Mk. 14, since they eventually returned to combustion engines for torpedo motors - albeit much quieter and faster. Also, the Mk. 14 should have at least one node on it, since it uses magnetic detonation and it has to sense the the target to detonate. Just change the node to passive/active homing.
Post-war torpedoes had other features, too, like noise filters and delayed receivers (for active homing), so that they would ignore false echoes from cavitation, the sea floor, etc. when sending out a ping. They also designed in more sophisticated search patterns where the torpedo would circle and/or fish-tail as it listend for and closed in on a target. The Mk. 27 is pretty unbiased as to what it locks on to and in addition to slow velocity, it has a slow turning speed.
WWII also saw the beginning development of wire-guided torpedoes, but they weren't refined until the 50's and 60's.
Ironically, Mk. 14's stayed in service until something like 1981. Probably for training purposes.
If you read through the two links that I sent you, you'll get all sorts of cool ideas for Cold War fish.
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