They do not ping unless they think a sub is in the area. The escorts do a couple of different things:
The lead escort alternates between travelling the center line of the course of the convoy at a matching speed, and searching ahead of the convoy. When it is searching ahead, it'll weave back and forth about 500 yards to each side of the center line until it's well ahead of the convoy, turn back and wait, then move out again on the center line for a while.
The flanking escorts sometimes run parralel to the convoy, sometimes search nearby, and sometimes search up to5-8k yards off that side of the main body.
The rear escort generally just follows the convoy but sometimes will stop and lie dead in the water for a while listening for anything following behind, then catches up.
If they get a sniff of you due to noise, torpedo impact, spotted wake trail or periscope, or even one of them just gets close enough to detect you even with everything you're doing to avoid it, then they start actively looking, and if they think they're in the area where you are they'll ping.
If you get ahead of them, submerge, and lie still, you'll probably be safe as long as you stay at least 500 yards away from any of the warships. If they hear you, spot a wake trail or see the scope, all bets are off.
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