Well, 3 items of interest:
1.) Allies were generally convinced that ASDIC nullified the submarine threat, a prewar mentality.
2.) US submarines were originally meant to act as scouts, or picket boats for the main fleet. (hence the term, "fleet boat") Its this prewar doctrine that made up their design.
3.)Germans were, up until pearl harbor, the only ones who had any experience in unrestricted submarine warfare. After pearl harbor, the entire mission of the submarine was scraped, and had to be rewritten on the fly.
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