Sounds to me like you did just fine. Apart from that I don't fully understand your question
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So, if I´ve understood it correctly, the TDC is not useless, simply you must use it at a distance in which the errors will be irrelevant.
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The TDC is not at all useless. It is an angle solver that will give a 100% accurate firing solution for a virtual target that corresponds to the AOB, range, speed and periscope bearing data that you input into it (I don't believe the game models errors in torpedo performance or the effects of water etc.)
It is your job to make sure that this virtual target corresponds to an actual target. To get an exact match is difficult, but because the actual target has a length, there is room for error. The closer you are to the target, the greater the amount of error you can include in your data while still being sure of hitting the target. If you have very accurate data, then unless the target manoevers, you will be able to hit the target even at maximum range.
Range is the least significant error factor, assuming you are firing on a gyro angle of 000, or close to it. (torpedo tube parallax causes large errors to develop if range is not accurate with large gyro angles). Let us assume that you are firing on a gyro angle of 000 with a torpedo travelling at 30kts against the middle of a 150m target travelling at 7.5kts (to make the maths easier). Assume AOB is accurately determined to be 90.
The torp is travelling at 4x the speed of the target, so for the target to have moved 150 meters from the intended point of impact, the torpedo must have travelled 150x4=600 meters. Therefore, 600m range is the margin of error (or +/-300m) you have in terms of range only to still hit a 150m target.
If you are firing from a range of about 1000m, this margin is an enormous percentage of error (+/-30%), but if you are firing at a long range of 5000 m, it is somewhat less (+/-6%). When using your stadimeter in rough weather, it is these percentages which are important.
You can also see that the margin of error is dependent on the length of the ship, therefore, aim for the big ones! You can also improve your chances when there is reason to doubt your data by using a spread pattern. You can also improve your margin of error by using faster torpedoes.
Obviously errors in speed and AOB, and range inaccuracies when using larger gyro angles greatly increase the error, but again shorter range reduces the chance of a complete miss