Speed is also reduced for a third reason: drag. A ship travelling through the water creates its own waves, and the faster it goes the more wavelets form along its sides. Also the hull starts to try to climb up the bow wave, which creates even more drag. The independent motion of the water magnifies this and it gets even worse when the crest-to-trough height causes the bow to dip beneath the waves.
Curiously, SH1 modelled this, though the visuals weren't all that good. I kept wondering why my flank speed was only about 15 knots one session years ago. I finally happened to look at the calender and the sea condition was stormy. I was surprised but tickled to find this modelled in that sim.
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