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Assuming the top ticks follow the same scale, this leads to some interesting possibilities of measuring the apparent angular length of the ship, knowing range, and the actual length of the ship, you could compute the AOB.
AOB = acos(apparent_length/actual_length)
apparent_length ~= range * sin (angular_length)
AOB ~= acos(range*sin(angular_length)/actual_length)
AOB ~= acos(range*sin(horizontal_ticks*0.15)/actual_length)
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Been there, done that....though much easier
Get my tutorial for SH4 manual targeting, I use the aspect ratio of the ship and the Kriegsmarine used it also in real life, although more in the way you explained (Basically visible length scaled to measured range).
I have ready the templates for a wiz wheel created purposedly for that, here is a sample:
It consists of 3 rings, where the exterior and interior represent the vertical and horizontal marks, and the middle one (Black) the AOB. To determine the AOB of any ship, you just do 2 steps:
1.- Set the middle ring pointer of the black ring (Above the 90º mark) to the standard aspect ratio of that ship (Which you have listed and printed for quicker use). In the example below it is a standard aspect ratio of 3.6
2.- Align the interior and exterior disks according to the number of scope marks the ship covers horizontally (21 in this case) and vertically (5 in this case)
The AOB is then marked in the black ring by the red triangle of the inner wheel (About 42 in this case).
The whole operation takes more or less 8-10 seconds once you are a bit trained on doing it.