The additional information is also available in autotarget mode. In all cases you must be within 1000 meters of the target and close to a gyroangle of 0 degrees ( I believe its within 15 degrees to either side ) for the information to show up.
As a caveat to GWX users, these locations are no longer accurate. Critical locations (engine rooms, fuel bunkers etc.) still exist and can cause more damage, but their locations may be different.
The new GWX ships never had the boxes indicating their critical locations accurately placed (designers just copied the boxes from old ships over to the new ones). Since GWX changed the compartments around on the original ships, the boxes indicating their location may or may not be accurate as well.
With that caveat in mind, this is the link to a chart showing the ship's critical areas. Just keep in mind that it is no longer accurate and only gives the most general of guidelines:
http://www.34thflotilla.com/resources/shipchart.pdf