Quote:
Originally Posted by August
The short answer is that almost all football game infractions involve a loss of yardage to the offender ranging from 5 yards to 15 yards but there is also "at the point of the foul" and "half the distance to the goal" penalties which might result in much more.
Sometimes it also includes a loss of a down, although usually the down is replayed which is why sometimes the penalty will be declined by the other team. If the offender is playing defense an automatic first down is often awarded to the other team along with the yardage penalty.
In rare cases the referees will eject a player from the game. Those situations usually involve fighting or some other really egregious behavior.
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Nicely explained

The complexity of the game is part of its appeal, and at times its frustration

There's a great book I picked up a number of years ago by Pat Kirwan (NFL Sirius Radio), Take Your Eye Off the Ball: How to Watch Football by Knowing Where to Look. He has since published a 2.0, which I have yet to read, but no doubt will.