To my knowledge, the torpedo failures were never really fixed with the standard early war (actually, pre-war) air and electric torpedoes.
To remedy the pistol (Pi-G36) malfunctions, the German Navy actually, adapted the pistols according to the torpedo pistols of the captured British submarine HMS Seal, with the result, that only the contact fuse could be used (Pi-G7H).
This lasted until Nov.1942, when the new pistol Pi39H and the new electric torpedo T-3 was introduced. As of this point, also the magnetic fuse was available again for both, the G7a (T-1) and the G7e (T-3), and the G7a was also, available with the FAT steering head.
So, actuallly, the German Uboats were fighting the main part of the Uboat war with contact pistols only!
The actual running distance of any electric torpedo was very much dependent upon the condition, charging and maintenance of the torpedo batteries and I believe the Sh3 torpedo distances simulate an average distance.
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