I would say there are more than 5 central points
Wolf packs (and why there were no real ones/less coordinated)
U-boat tactics, Doenitz etc.
Convoy tactics
Lend and lease
US expanding its territorial waters to the mid-atlantic
The US at war without declaring it
US not reacting to U-boat threat at first (King etc.)
Race for Norway - U-boat bases
The "taking" of Island
The "Momp"
ASDIC, hydrophones (all sides)
Radio, extreme long wave transfer, HFDF vs. taboos etc.
The Radar war, FunkMess
High seas supply of U-boats
Infrared detection and use by U-boats
German hacking and reading of british codes since before the war
Bletchly park and restricted use of hacked codes to not let the enemy find out
Influence of air superiority, also mentioning german bombers and torpedo bombers from the arctic (Norway bases) to bay of Biscay (sinking ships and shooting down enemy planes, Sunderland hunting)
German U-boat bases France and generally
and a lot of others ..