1587 Mary, Queen of Scots, is beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle aged 44 after being convicted of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth I in the Babington Plot.
1807 Battle of Eylau ends inconclusively between Napoleon's forces and Russian Empire - first battle Napoleon isn't victorious.
1912 British Emissary journeys to Berlin to suggest that Britain might support German colonial aspirations in Africa if Germany agrees to hold her current naval strength.
1916 French cruiser "Admiral Charner" torpedoed off Syrian coast, kills 374.
1960 Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom issued an Order-in-Council, stating that she and her family would be known as the House of Windsor, and that her descendants will take the name "Mountbatten-Windsor".
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