Who are they (USN) going to use these missiles against? Why maintain an expensive missile like this when AIM-120 is more than capable against current threats? I don't see any long ranged threats impending for US CSG's. Nor do I see any real challenges to US air supremacy in any real world battlespace, that would warrant the re-inception of this type of missile. Russia? No. They can't amass the long-ranged bomber and fighter formations to confront US naval forces anymore. China?? Nope. Not yet at any rate. India? They're becoming more of a friend than anything else.
Bottom line. USN currently doesn't need the Phoenix.
And remember, the new AIM-120D upgrade gives it a range reaching 130 Km (70 Nm). That's plenty in the world of modern BVR tactics and modern electronic warfare.
No the Phoenixes were very effective. But today's threat assessments don't require they remain in service.