[Aktungbby]

^ INDEED JOHN PANCOAST'S SIGNATURE AND I ALSO AGREE: http://www.subsim.com/radioroom/showpost.php?p=2591183&postcount=2 THE TIMING FAILURE INCLUDED THE FACT THAT IN A THIRTY YEAR SPAN OF THE 20TH CENTURY, THE AXIS TECHNOLOGY FOR AN OFFSET SUBMARINE WAR-WINNING WAS PREMATURE-STILL ESSENTIALLY WW-I TECHNOLOGY; STILL IN THE IDEA PHASE; AND AT ONE POINT HAD MISERIES WITH TORPEDOS (ON BOTH SIDES). ONE EPISODE WHICH IS GENERALLY KNOWN BUT NOT FOCUSED ON IS DOENITZ'S 'STAND AND FIGHT ORDER' WHICH POINTS UP TOTAL CONCEPT FAILURE:

Standing War Order 483 in defiance of conventional wisdom. The “Fight Back Order” instructed German submarines transiting from French bases through the Bay of Biscay to fight off attacking aircraft on the surface rather than evade with a hasty crash dive. (FOUR UBOATS (RENAMED U-FLAK) WERE ENHANCED TO HELP WITH THIS INSANE AGRESSIVE CONCEPT AND SWIFTLY RECONFIGURED BACK TO THEIR ORIGINAL CONFIGURATION...) U-441 ie FLAK-1> show U-Boats shot down thirty-two aircraft, including seventeen four-engine types (B-17s, B-24s, Mariners, Halifaxes and Sunderlands), ten twin-engine bombers (Whitleys, PV-1s, Wellingtons and Catalinas), four single-engine fighters and attack planes (an Avenger, a Swordfish, and two Wildcats) and the anti-submarine blimp K-74 over the Florida Strait.


In return, aircraft sank twenty-six U-Boats and heavily damaged seventeen. Four-engine bombers were highly expensive—but submarines even more so. A U.S. Navy study concluded each standard Type VII U-Boat cost Nazi Germany $2.25 million dollars—while a four-engine B-24 cost about $297,000 and a twin-engine Catalina seaplane $90,000. Just as importantly, U-Boats had crews of around fifty, while the bombers were manned by five to twelve crew. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/nazis-ordered-their-u-boats-fight-airplanes-it-was-massive-mistake-29117

THE CHEAP SOLUTION TO AN EXPENSIVE UBOAT PROBLEM I REFERENCED EARLIER....TACTICAL AIRCRAFT TAKING OUT STRATEGIC UBOATS... A THING NO CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS CAN AFFORD TO DO TO WIN AN OFFSET WAR-THE SINEWS OF WAR MATH ALONE DOES NOT HOLD UP. DOENITZ FAILED : TO REALIZE THE FIGHTING ABILITIES OF A SUBMERSIBLE TORPEDO BOAT; AND TO REALIZE THAT THAT ALLIES AIR COMMANDERS WERE PERFECTLY PREPARED TO LOSE AN AIRCRAFT TO SINK A U-BOAT WILLING TO REMAIN SURFACED TO FIGHT IT OUT-EVEN A WOUNDED UBOAT WAS NEARLY AS GOOD A A SUNK ONE AS ATLANTIC REPAIR FACILITIES WERE JAMMED, CREATING YET ANOTHER 'TIMING' FAILURE.