Logic?... ~logic~??...

Sorry... but seriously, the logic is one two three, if available by date, unless otherwise restricted, licensed or revoked... er, went back into it.
The Midway starts, being basically a copy of the Pearl starts, still go in the same basic order as Pearl, no matter the date - sort of. If you look in the Flotillas file again, and say you're in a Porpoise (Stock game as an example), "...UnitType 1", and for its assignments, you'll see "ObjectiveCode=" for Honshu (Obj 3) and Hokkaido (Obj 4) both have a date range of "NULL, NULL", meaning they go from beginning to end. The Marshall assignment (Obj 2) is "NULL, 1944-04-01". So on a December 1941 start, one of those three missions is chosen, with the Obj 2 having "preference", if you will. The "East China Sea" (Obj 1) and "Caroline Islands" (Obj 5) run "1942-01-01, NULL". The other objectives are similarly dated, some longer, some shorter duration. So the game in March of 1943, has available seven of the eight missions. Any one of those seven could be chosen, but it does (most times) seem to give "preference" for a "1, 2, 3, etc" progression, but remember that December 1941 start of using Marshalls first... Then there is that "random chance". The "random" generator used in the game, is an old one, and isn't really random, and does seem to have a propensity of getting "stuck", sort of like the weather does, and it's also supposedly "random"...