I think U.S. subs used passive or "hydrophones" also. They had an active sonar, but I don't think it was used because it was detectable. Don't know about retractable sonar, though; I think the U.S. listening apparatus was up in the bow (but am not sure). I read in Blair about boats that, for various reasons, hit bottom or ran aground and, as he puts it, "wiped off" the sonar heads.
As the war went on, U.S. boats got various radar sets, and apparently these were extremely popular.
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Jack's happy days will soon be gone,
To return again, oh never!
For they've raised his pay five cents a day,
But they've stopped his grog forever.
For tonight we'll merry, merry be,
For tonight we'll merry, merry be,
For tonight we'll merry, merry be,
But tomorrow we'll be sober.
- "Farewell to Grog"
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