You got it a bit wrong, US maintains nuclear ALCMs, we no longer have rail mobile ICBM.
About surprise attack - we have both the air defenses against a cruise missile attack for the nuclear triad bases (in the form of SAMs) and new EW means (OTH radar for detecting cruise missile attacks and low altitude stealth bombers).
While having a triad and various other measures does not make our nuclear deterent invincible - it makes it survivable enough to guarantee second strike capability. This makes it very stable.
The problem with the British deterent is the same as with the most other arms of the British military - it lacks mass to be independently viable/credible.
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Grumpy as always.
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