Hi Rosencrantz
You said:
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(thinking that germans didn't have a proper tool to measure water temperatures).
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The following is from Dr. Timothy P. Mulligan's book
NEITHER SHARKS NOR WOLVES, here, speaking about duties in the Zentrale:
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...The captain, L.I., and Obersteuermann spent most of their time here or close by as a matter of course. A machinist's mate served as the Zentralemaat (control room mate), whose prime responsibility, assisted by one or two enlisted men (each designated a Zentralegast), concerned maintaining the boat's trim while submerged, alternately pumping or flooding small amounts of seawater into or out of the trim tanks. This in turn required precise data--daily updated in a separate logbook--on the weight distribution of fuel and foodstuffs on board. Other duties included managing the air supply while submerged (for example, pumping air from the engine room spaces to the more crowded forward torpedo compartment); maintaining the periscopes; and checking underwater salinity and temperature levels.
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This leads me to believe that they had the wherewithal to compute Thermoclines, and the equipment.
btw OT: What a lot of folks don't realize is that the navigators on the U-Boats were mainly NCO's.(Obersteuermann)
Cheers,