With lone ships, I always use my deck gun if available (weather). Couple of AP's into the hull to wake them up and let'em know I'm there, then HE's on the deck cargo and into the waterline/hull. Catch that deck cargo on fire because the explosion causes some decent damage. Bring your periscope just outside the housing (~11 meters height), and watch your range real close (well, as close as you can, because I don't have any of the distance charts memorized).
During the day, dead calm, minimal profile, attacking from the rear quarters @15kts, they'll spot you at 2600 meters. At night, you pull up to 1600 meters or closer (sometimes 1100). With 15m/s wind, cut all those to 2/3's.
Give'er a flog 'till you get pretty close to spotting range, then do a dive to periscope and torp it. Personally, I never send torps into anything smaller than a C2. Too many convoys to attack.
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