Most of the time on a leash, since I'm being held responsible for his actions I rather not risk to ruin all what's right about the dog for 1 moment where it did something I didn't expect which may ruin it for me, the dog himself and in a worst case scenario a victim.
an example was with our old shepard who has been trained to a level of that of police dogs and it stuck to our legs like glue without a leash but one night when my dad walked with it he chased a cat crossing the street (usually when cat crossed and he didn't do anything whether by command or not) this time however he did chase not listening to commands to come back and got hit by a car. Luckily all that was needed from the vet where a few stitches on his paws.
Kept him on leash at all times myself only to let go for bit during playing fetch keeping an eye out on my surrounding if anyone else showed up. He obeyed well but my dad was the Alpha for him.
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