We had 'Protect and Survive' a rather bleak public information series that would have been broadcast in the build-up to war. They showed you how to make a fallout shelter out of your door and a load of pillowcases filled with sand. Which would be useful if you weren't near a target, in which case you were pretty screwed. I don't think our schools bothered to do duck and cover, not much covering you can do in less than four minutes, nor would it have been likely that the schools would have been open in the build-up to war, although they'd probably become rest-centres in the aftermath.
As nations go we had quite a well thought out system, a series of reporting posts to spot both nuclear blasts and enemy aircraft, council bunkers and the continuation of power system, but in regards to public shelters, afaik there were none, the public just had to find their own shelter or die. There was a good Panorama series in the late 1970s which explored the effectiveness of various shelters that you could buy, but if you were still in London when the bombs started falling, well, you were screwed. I suppose many would have tried to shelter in the Underground system, and their charred and mummified remains would probably have been found there decades later, perhaps a handful of people might get lucky...but then as Skybird put it, just how lucky would they be?
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