***1083;***1077;***1090; does stand for years it was probably something given to guys with 20 years of sub service.
Only thing is such badges usually have "3a" which means "for the".. this that or the other"
Like these for long patrols:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lo...se_sub_new.jpg
So it might be some special badge that was made as a commemoration of something.I have several specially made badges from the Soviet Union you see it is a tradition when a serviceman comes home he wears all his awards the official ones and ones that he might have had made or might be made but not official but allowed on the uniform that commemorate something of the mans service.It is a way to say "This is what I have done this is the experience I have gained this is the respect I should receive." It is a proud day to come home but in a different manner than what you might see in the West.Military service was a way to greatly improve ones life in the Soviet Union if you where from a rural area.
I think is a pin celebrating 20 years for a Golf class submarine the first part may be an abbreviation of the particular subs name it would have been given to guys serving on the sub during the anniversary and and anyone who was ever on that sub could also wear it.