Looking through Wikipedia, MG42's were indeed mounted on U-boats, although seemingly as an unofficial "looks like there's room there, needs more AA guns!" kind of thing. But that's Wikipedia. I'll try to do some more digging...
In the mutually destructive duel between the USS
Borie and
U-405, crewmembers noted
Quote:
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Originally Posted by Wikipedia
U-405's deck armament was extensive: in addition to the 88 mm gun, she also had six MG42 machine guns, in one quadruple and two single mounts. These weapons would have been devastating if the sub's crewmen had been able to keep them manned. Occasionally, one of them would reach one of the MG42 mounts, and open fire briefly before he was killed.
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In this painting of the battle, MG42's are mounted starboard of and on what appears to be a makeshift platform aft of the 20mm. Note however, that they are in 2 twin mounts. The 88mm had also been blown off prior to the two ships locking together, but this is not shown. Also add in the fact that the crew might have mistaken 34's for 42's.