Yes I was confused at first as well,,,,,,,,,,
I have never had the chance to navigate Europes waters !
There is a system for your region :
http://cgate.co.il/eng/Seamanship/buoy_lateral.htm
"
IALA A Covers Europe, Africa, Australia and most of Asia.
IALA B Covers North and South America, Japan and Philippines."
Helps?
**edit**
From all I could gather...
Marker colors were just starting to follow standards at that time, but was in no way "Universal".
Some were black, some were mere wood poles, some Harbors chose their own colors !
I'm sure with more research it could be found what was used for the time period and a specifc area .... maybe...lol...