To your 'sonar' problems:
the hydrophone is a passive device to pick up audible contacts. The active sonar will be availible later in war. Depending on your speed, the weather conditions and the contact speed the range of your hydrophone version differs. Your hydrophone operator becomes better with experience, rank and higher decoration.
The basic hydrophone has quite big deaf spots in front and behind the U-Boot. The hydrophone upgrades minimize them.
As long as your periscope is up and/or you can see your next contact your hydrophone operator will refuse to report that contact. You have to lower it completely to make him call out the contact again.
If you ask for constant tracking of the contact, he'll continue to report even if you rise your periscope.
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