One of the very first things any sailor learns is that height above water equals sighting distance to the horizon - the view from the deck of nearly any ship is far better than from the conning tower of a Uboote, much less from the periscope only barely above water. I lived on a sailboat in the Bay Area (San Francisco, CA) for seven years - and the fog there is infamous. Trust me, there were many days I couldn't see the bow from the helm position - a matter of 20 feet! Haze/fog is a killer for any Mark I eyeball visuals ....
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