I think the "enemy" or "neutral" part is determined by whose Navy is providing the (lead) escort.
I'm not sure that an armed naval escort is required. I'm pretty sure the first convoy I intercepted coming out of Freetown didn't have one. There was an armed ship somewhere in the group, but IIRC the only visual/sonar IDs I got were of merchant ships, no warships.
But if no nation is providing a military escort then I don't know how a convoy is tagged as enemy or neutral. Maybe it depends on the nationality of the lead merchant, or of the majority of the merchants involved.
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