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Yes, about the closest I can find to how much light came through both scopes is Norman Friedman's discussion about the subject in his book U.S. Submarines Through 1945. It seems that light transmission at its best was about 30%.
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That would be correctly translated to the game by giving the Alpha Channel in the mod a 70% darkness. Which is easy enough to do

This would ensure that you can only see in the scope screen 30% of light intensity as compared to being in the open bridge.
But would that be attack or observation scope?
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here's maybe another guess as to how efficient each scope was at transmitting light: the Fleet Submarine Manual states the observation scope had a "Minimum outer diameter of reduced section" of 1.99 inches, while the attack scope had a diameter of the same section of 1.414 inches. Does that play any role in light transmission?
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It should, but it's almost impossible to quantify. Taking those numbers alone, this just tells us that the attack periscope tube had a diameter of 71% what the observation scope had. If the lenses are reduced accordingly (Which might, or might not be correct) this would mean that we should give the attack scope a 29% less light transmission of what the observation one had. It's probably not an exact number, but it is sure much closer to the real thing than any wild-ass guess
In any case, if we pick 30% light transmission for observation scope and scale that back to a 71% in the attack one, that would give us a mere 21,3% of light transmission in this last one. That's REALLY dark
I'll try to make some examples later with screenshots for you. Stay tuned.