Well, today I found out by accident that you can award medals to your crew by clicking the small '+' in the bottom-right corner of their portraits. There was no tooltip at all, so I tried clicking on it and lo and behold, my soundman got a medal - ironically, the
last person that deserves one!
I haven't yet figured out what the small black bar underneath their portrait is. It always says 0/100.
As for my own medals, I got the Iron Cross 2nd class after the tutorial mission, and the War Badge after my first proper patrol, despite the information text saying it was normally awarded after 3 patrols. I've received the Iron Cross twice, apparently - it says I was awarded it on 6th October
and 22nd October 1939, after both my 2nd and 3rd patrols.
I am playing on 96% realism (I think - just external cam on), so probably get all the medals due to high renown. It seems a bit unrealistic in any case...?