Other factor you might consider is that the props and engines on your uboat are much smaller and shallower than the majority of warships you would be hunting. That makes for a much smaller (and hopefully quieter) setup vs the competition. Add to that that the uboat is designed to be as quiet as possible and you have a distinct advantage, even on the surface.
Regarding your moving faster on the surface to attack: keep in mind that speed plays a not so small role in the ability of other ships to spot you. The faster you go, the more likely you are to be spotted.
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