[RoaldLarsen]

There is nothing really unusual or surprising about the fact that much of the damage was done by a small proportion of Kaleuns. Neither is it unusual for a significant portion of those under arms to never shoot at the enemy. I am not at all sure that it is reasonable to put this down to any particular problem with the organization of the u-bootwaffe.

This pheomenon is constantly present in wars throughout history. But sticking to the twentieth century, some ridiculously large portion of US infantrymen never fired their rifle in battle in both WWII and Vietnam. Most fighter pilots have 0 kills, in most airforces, in both world wars. Most escorts in both wars never sank a sub. Compare this to Capt. F. "Johnnie" Walker.

I don't have any proof, but I suspect this phenomenon is in part a function of the large-scale employment of civilians in mass-mobilised armed forces. But I also suspect it has to do with the behaviour of large numbers, and is a reflection of human nature.