The tank damage model is pretty complex. It consists of lots of parts and angle of the shot is ofcourse counted in too. If the round penetrates, it kills everything on it's path before it hits something inside and then if either stops there or goes thru it.
HE and HEAT rounds also have the same features as above, plus fragments that are flown to every direction kinda like little shells, everything is counted for them aswell.
Here's a vid about the DM from 2004. No idea what has changed since:
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